精品关于性别歧视英语毕业论文-定.doc
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精品关于性别歧视英语毕业论文-定.doc
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皖西学院2011届本科毕业论文(设计)
ChapterⅠIntroduction
Fromthepointofcross-culturalcommunication,everynationhashisownhabitsandcustoms,wayofthinking,languagepsychology,behaviorcriterion,valueconceptandculturaltradition.EnglishandChinesecultureareextremelyrich,sotheirtotalculturalequivalenceisrare.Butonmen-womenrelationdiscriminationtothefemaleandtheunequalstatusbetweenmenandwomenarethesame.
Thousandsofyears,mencontrolthehegemonyandtheyarealwayslawmakers,thenarrators.Incomparison,womenareonlyforcedtoobey.ThereisafamoussayingbyHeidegger:
“thelanguageisthehomeofexistence.”Butthis“home”isanoldhouse,whichitsbricks,flowersandwoodsarefilledwithancestors’ghost.Allthewordsbelongstotheformerdynasties’opinions.Now,womenwanttoprotesttothediscriminatedfate,buttheyaretongue-tied.Lakoffsaidifwomenwanttochangetheirimage,theyshouldstartfromlanguage,becauseyouarewhatyousay.It’shelplessthatwomenhavenochoicebutusethebrickswhichareengravedbymenhegemonytobuildtheirfortress.
Genderdiscriminationisanancienthistoricaltopic.Peoplewhoseekfairnessandjusticeeverhaveextremelyunfairconceptandconsciousness.Thismakeswomenareintheoppressedstatusinafairlylongperiod.Thiskindofresidualthoughtsarestillexistedintodaylanguageandculture.
Asamirrorofthesociety,languagenotonlyreflectssocialvalueconcept,butalsopromotestheformingofsocialideology.Acloselookatthephenomenonofsexismmustbetaken.ThearticlediscussesthedifferentculturalphenomenonandcomparesEnglishculturewithChineseculturefromconcept,salutation,words,history,religionandthestrategytogetoverthesexism.Thisdissertationincludesthefollowingsixaspects.
ChapterIILinguisticsexismwidelyexists
inEnglishandChinese
Asweallknow,everyproblemhasitsowncauseandbackground.Genderdiscriminationhasconnectionwithclassiccultureandcustom.Nowlet’sanalyzesexismexistedintwoclassicculture.
2.1Backgroundofsexism
Frommatriarchalsocietytopatriarchal,thestatusofmaleandfemale’sroleschangeintheredistribution.“malemastersoutsideandfemaleinside.”Subsequentlywomenlosetheirleadingroles.Meninthesociety,polity,economyandcultureabsolutelystandthetopintheworld,whilewomenarenarrowedtothesmallfamily.Weknowthatlanguageisakindofspecialsocialphenomenonanditiscreatedbylabor,whichhascloserelationswithproductionactivity.Therefore,whenthesocietyformsthesituationdominatedbymen,languagehaveoutstandingreflection.
2.2Definitiontosexism
Sexism,intheOxfordAdvancedLearner’sEnglish-Chinesedictionary,itmeansthatdisapprovingactionbasedontheideasorbeliefthatthemembersofonesexarelessintelligent,able,andskillful,etc,thanthemembersoftheothersex,especiallythatwomenarelessablethanmenandthoseparticularjobsandactionsaresuitableforwomenandothersaresuitableformen.SexisminEnglishreferstoEnglishexpressessexistassumptionsaboutdifferencesbetweenmenandwomenasintheprejudicialuseoffemaleormalewords.
Sexistlanguageexpressesunfairassumptionsanddifferences,anditcanbeeitherexplicit,asintheprejudicialuseofmaleorfemalepronouns,orimplicit.Usinguniversalevidence,thethesishererevealshowoftenEnglishexpressessexistassumptionsaboutdifferencesbetweenmenandwomen.
JustasaproverbgoesinEngland:
“Ifyouseeanoldman,sitdownandtakealesson;ifyouseeanoldwoman,throwastone.”WhatexpressesEnglishversionofthesexismprescribedforwomen,isparticularlyconfining.
ChapterIIIGenderdiscrimination
inEnglishandChineseappellationterms
Inhumansocietyappellationtermsmeanidentifyingwordorwordsbywhichsomeoneiscalledandclassifiedordistinguishedfromothers.Thiskindofsalutationreflectscertainsocialcultureortherelationshipsbetweenpeopleamongparticularlanguageenvironment.Peopleformakindofrelationshipandeveryoneoccupiesaspecialposition.Acommonappellationtermscangeneraterichsocialconnotationinspecificcommunicativeactivitiesandwiththedifferenceoftimeandplacechangetheircontent.
3.1Genderdiscriminationonname
Thenameorsurnameisakindofsymbolic,itisthesignwhichpeopledistinguishwitheachotheranditincludesthefirstandlastnametwoparts.Asauniquethinginhumancivilization,ithascloselyrelationwithpeople’sbehavior,socialpsychologyandculturaltraditions.AlthoughnamesequencesinChineseandEnglishisdifferent(inChinesesurnamefirstandgivingnamesecond;inEnglishisopposite),thepeopleconsciouslyorunconsciouslyputtheirowndesireandsocialattitudeintothenamewhentheychoosesurname.
InEnglishspeakingcountries,thechildren’sfamilynameisthesamewiththeirfather’sfamilyname.Thenamingtowomenusuallyshowsbeauty,virtuous,pureandlovelyandsoon,suchasLily(akindofflower),Susan(meansgrace),Diana(meanselegant,beautifulandnoble);however,namingtomenembodiesstrongandbrave,pursuitoffreedomanddream.Richard(meanssturdyandforceful),Lewis(meansprotectingpeople),Andrew(meansbraveandingenuous)aretheexamples.
Chinesecharacter“xing(姓)”consistsof“nv(女)”and“sheng(生)”.InthematriarchalsocietyofChinaancienttimes,peopleusemother’snameassurname.Butinthelaterpatriarchalsociety,statusofwomengoesdownandmendominatethewholesociety.Theirnameisdeprivedofandeveniftheyhavetheirownname,peopleseldomcallit.Unmarriedwomenisoftencalled“yatou(丫头)”or”niu(妞)”.InmodernChinese,thoughtheabovesituationhasbeenimproved,genderdiscriminationdoesn’tchange.Andthemeaningisdifferenttoo.Women’snameemphasizesbeautyoffemininityandnameoftencontains“hua”,“ya”,“xiu”,“mei”andsoon.
3.2Genderdiscriminationonmarriage
Withthedevelopmentfrommatriarchaltopatriarchalsociety,maleandfemaleroleschangeintheredistribution.Subsequentlywomenlosetheirdominance.
Inmale-centeredEnglishsocialcustoms,marriedmencanworkoutsideandearnmoney.Butifwomenturnintowife,theirworldisnarrowedtofamily.Theycanonlystayinthenarrowspaceinministeringhusbandandtakingcareofchildren.Theyaretheornamenttohusband.Meninthehomeisconsideredtobestrong,dominatingthebusinessandsupportingwifeandchildren,whereaswomenisdependent.Beforemarriage,menarecalledas“Mr.”andaftermarriageisthesame.Butaftermarriagewomenwilllosetheirnamesandbechangedto“Mrs.XX”.Forexample,ifMaryBrowngetsmarriedwithJimSmith,thenameofMarywillchangetoMrs.Smith.SoMarynotonlyloseshersurname,butalsohergivingname.EvenifJohndies,sheisstillhiswidow,called“John’swidow”.
InancientChina,becauseofwomen’ssubordinatestatus,theyuselowlyappellationcallthemselves,suchas“nu(奴)”,“nujia(奴家)”,“qie(妾)”,“jianqie(贱妾)”etc,buttheymustusehonorablesalutationtocalltheirhusband.Inthepast,China’smarriedwomenarecalledas“XXshi(XX氏)”andsurnamewillchangeintohusband’sfamilyname.Atpresent,thiskindofsalutationisstillpopularinruralplace.NowChinesewomenhavenoneedtoberenamedashusband’ssurname.Menintheformaloccasioncallhiswifefor“airen(爱人)”,“furen(夫人)”andsoon.Butinsomeinformalsituation,“haizitama(孩子他妈)”and“wulitou(屋里头)”arestillverypopular.
ChapterIVGenderdiscriminationinvocabulary
Vocabularyislikefossil,whichembodiespeople’sthinkingandunderstandingatthatsocietyandreflectsthewholesociety.
4.1Theumbrellanamephenomenoninvocabulary
Themostobviousexamplewhichreflectsthesexismistheword“man”.Itmeansnotonlymankindbutalsoman.But“woman”onlymeanswoman.Forexample,growingoldissomethingamanastoaccept.
Inaddition,inEnglishtherearealotofwords,whateverpeopleismaleorfemaleandtheyareallcalled“XXman”.Forexample,chairman,salesman,postman,policemanandsoon.Englishhasmanyneutralwordsexpressingtheprofessionandtheyareadapttomenandwomen,suchasdoctor,lawyer,professoretc.
Theapplicationofmethodologyisalwayscloselyconnectedwithtimes.Intimesofeconomicglobalization,peoplewithdifferentlanguagesindifferentcountriescommunicatewitheachothermoreandmorefrequently.AndwhatemergesatthetimesrequireistheCommunicativeLanguageTeaching(CLT).
TheCommunicativeLanguageTeaching(CLT)is,ontheonehand,theproductofthedevelopmentofsociolinguistics,etc.;ontheotherhand,itistheresultsoftheprosperityofWesternEurope.JustasChinaattheturnofthecentury,WesternEuropealsoneedsalinguisticterracetoachievethegoalofcommunication.ThustheupsurgeoftheCLThasitsdeep-rootedbackground.Butwhatwecannotignoreis….
Chineseforeignlanguageteacherstendtocompletetheirtrainingathome.It’snohardtoimaginetheirauthenticmasteryofaforeignlanguage.Inaddition,duetothecontinualrigidexaminationsysteminChina,the“jug-mug”teachingmodelhasbeendeep-rootedinthisland.Therigidexaminationsystemdrivesteachersandstudents….
SinceCLTwasintroducedbyChinesescholarsfromwesterncountriesandappliedinChinesecontext,itseffecthasbeenbeingahottopic.SothroughexpoundingthebackgroundandcharacteristicsofCLTandanalyzingthesurveyofCLTusedinChina,theauthordiscussesthelimitationsandfeasibilitiesofitsuseinChinesecontext,whichisexpectedto
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