雅思阅读模拟试题和答案.docx
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雅思阅读模拟试题和答案.docx
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雅思阅读模拟试题和答案
众多考鸭面对雅思阅读最头疼的问题就是时间来不及,雅思阅读模拟题专为你而来,阅读材料皆为雅思真题素材的重要来源如:
《经济学人》、《新科学家》等等,精读及练习题,更有题目详解为你答疑解惑。
坚持每日一练,考场上就是这么自信。
带来今日每日晨读之"Timetocoolit",文章摘自经济学人(TheEconomist),所有雅思阅读方法技巧都需要反复做题去巩固,自己不足的地方也只有通过做题才能显现。
练习也是有技巧的,不能盲目瞎做。
把每一次阅读练习都当做考试,时间一个小时,三篇阅读,没有手机,没有字典,没有参考资料,没有笔记。
只有这样,在考场上才有可能在50分钟内做完题目(十分钟的誊写答案以及检查时间)。
1.雅思阅读材料
1REFRIGERATORSaretheepitomeofclunkytechnology:
solid,reliableandjustalittlebitdull.Theyhavenotchangedmuchoverthepastcentury,butthentheyhavenotneededto.Theyarebasedonarobustand effective idea--drawheatfromthethingyouwanttocoolbyevaporatingaliquidnexttoit,andthendumpthatheatbypumpingthevapourelsewhereandcondensingit.Thismethodofpumpingheatfromoneplacetoanotherservedmankindwellwhenrefrigerators'mainjobswerepreservingfoodand,asairconditioners,coolingbuildings.Today'shigh-techworld,however,demandshigh-techrefrigeration.Heatpumpsarenolongeruptothejob.Thesearchisonforsomethingtoreplacethem.
2Onesetofcandidatesareknownasparaelectricmaterials.Theseactlikebatterieswhentheyundergoatemperaturechange:
attachelectrodestothemandtheygenerateacurrent.Thiseffectisusedininfra-redcameras.Anarrayoftinypiecesofparaelectricmaterialcansensetheheatradiatedby,forexample,aperson,andthepatternofthearray'selectricaloutputscanthenbeusedtoconstructanimage.Butuntilrecentlynoonehadbotheredmuchwiththeinverseofthisprocess.Thatinverseexists,however.Applyanappropriatecurrenttoaparaelectricmaterialanditwillcooldown.
3SomeonewhoislookingatthisinverseeffectisAlexMischenko,ofCambridgeUniversity.Usingcommerciallyavailableparaelectricfilm,heandhiscolleagueshavegeneratedtemperaturedropsfivetimesbiggerthananypreviouslyrecorded.Thatmaybeenoughtochangethephenomenonfromalaboratorycuriositytosomethingwithcommercialapplications.
4Astowhatthoseapplicationsmightbe,DrMischenkoisstillalittlehazy.Hehas,nevertheless,setupacompanytopursuethem.Heforeseesputtinghisdiscoverytouseinmore efficient domesticfridgesandairconditioners.Therealmoney,though,maybeincoolingcomputers.
5Gadgetscontainingmicroprocessorshavebeengettinghotterforalongtime.OneconsequenceofMoore'sLaw,whichdescribesthedoublingofthenumberoftransistorsonachipevery18months,isthattheamountofheatproduceddoublesaswell.Infact,itmorethandoubles,becausebesidesincreasinginnumber,thecomponentsaregettingfaster.Heatisreleasedeverytimealogicaloperationisperformedinsideamicroprocessor,sothefastertheprocessoris,themoreheatitgenerates.Doublingthefrequencyquadruplestheheatoutput.Andthefrequencyhasdoubledalot.ThefirstPentiumchipssoldbyDrMoore'scompany,Intel,in1993,ranat60mcyclesasecond.ThePentium4--thelast"single-core"desktopprocessor--clockedup3.2billioncyclesasecond.
6Disposingofthisheatisabigobstructiontofurtherminiaturisationandhigherspeeds.Theinnardsofadesktopcomputercommonlyhit80℃.At85℃,theystopworking.Tweakingtheprocessor'sheatsinks(copperoraluminiumboxesdesignedtoradiateheataway)hasreacheditslimit.Sohastweakingthefansthatcirculateairoverthoseheatsinks.Andtheideaofshiftingfromsingle-coreprocessorstosystemsthatdividedprocessingpowerbetweenfirsttwo,andthenfour,subunits,inordertospreadthethermalload,alsoseemstohavetheendoftheroadinsight.
7Onewayoutofthismaybeasecondcuriousphysicalphenomenon,thethermoelectriceffect.Likeparaelectricmaterials,thisgenerateselectricityfromaheatsourceandproducescoolingfromanelectricalsource.Unlikeparaelectrics,asignificantbodyofresearchersisalreadyworkingonit.
8Thetricktoagoodthermoelectricmaterialisacrystalstructureinwhichelectronscanflowfreely,butthepathofphonons--heat-carryingvibrationsthatarelargerthanelectrons--isconstantlyinterrupted.Inpractice,thistrickishardtopulloff,andthermoelectricmaterialsarethuslessefficientthanparaelectricones(or,atleast,thanthoseexaminedbyDrMischenko).Nevertheless,RamaVenkatasubramanian,ofNextremeThermalSolutionsinNorthCarolina,claimstohavemadethermoelectricrefrigeratorsthatcansitonthebackofcomputerchipsandcoolhotspotsby10℃.AliShakouri,oftheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz,sayshisareevensmaller--sosmallthattheycangoinsidethechip.
9Thelastwordincomputercooling,though,maygotoasystemevenlesstechythanaheatpump--aminiatureversionofacarradiator.LastyearApplelaunchedapersonalcomputerthatiscooledbyliquidthatispumpedthroughlittlechannelsintheprocessor,andthencetoaradiator,whereitgivesupitsheattotheatmosphere.Toimproveonthis,IBM'sresearchlaboratoryinZurichis experimentingwithtinyjetsthatstirtheliquidupandthusmakesureallofiteventuallytouchestheoutsideofthechannel--thepartwheretheheatexchangetakesplace.Inthefuture,therefore,acombinationofmicrochannelsandeitherthermoelectricsorparaelectricsmightcoolcomputers.Theold,asitwere,handinhandwiththenew.(830words)
2.雅思阅读题目
Questions1-5
Completeeachofthefollowingstatementswiththescientistorcompanynamefromtheboxbelow.
WritetheappropriatelettersA-Finboxes1-5onyouranswersheet.
A.Apple
B.IBM
C.Intel
D.AlexMischenko
E.AliShakouri
F.RamaVenkatasubramanian
1....andhisresearchgroupuseparaelectricfilmavailablefromthemarkettoproducecooling.
2....soldmicroprocessorsrunningat60mcyclesasecondin1993.
3....saysthathehasmaderefrigeratorswhichcancoolthehotspotsofcomputerchipsby10℃.
4....claimstohavemadearefrigeratorsmallenoughtobebuiltintoacomputerchip.
5....attemptstoproducebettercoolinginpersonalcomputersbystirringupliquidwithtinyjetstomakesuremaximumheatexchange.
Questions6-9
Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththe information giveninthereadingpassage?
Inboxes6-9onyouranswersheetwrite
TRUEifthestatementistrueaccordingtothepassage
FALSEifthestatementisfalseaccordingtothepassage
NOTGIVENiftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage
6.Paraelectricmaterialscangenerateacurrentwhenelectrodesareattachedtothem.
7.Dr.Mischenkohassuccessfullyappliedhislaboratorydiscoverytomanufacturingmoreefficientreferigerators.
8.Doublingthefrequencyoflogicaloperationsinsideamicroprocessordoublestheheatoutput.
9.IBMwillachievebettercomputercoolingbycombiningmicrochannelswithparaelectrics.
Question10
ChoosetheappropriatelettersA-Dandwritetheminbox10onyouranswersheet.
10.Whichmethodofdisposingheatincomputersmayhaveabrightprospect?
A.Tweakingtheprocessors?
heatsinks.
B.Tweakingthefansthatcirculateairovertheprocessor抯heatsinks.
C.Shiftingfromsingle-coreprocessorstosystemsofsubunits.
D.Noneoftheabove.
Questions11-14
Completethenotesbelow.
ChooseonesuitablewordfromtheReadingPassageaboveforeachanswer.
Writeyouranswersinboxes11-14onyouranswersheet.
Traditionalrefrigeratorsuse...11...pumpstodroptemperature.Atpresent,scientistsaresearchingforothermethodstoproducerefrigeration,especiallyincomputermicroprocessors....12...materialshavebeentriedtogeneratetemperaturedropsfivetimesbiggerthananypreviouslyrecorded....13...effecthasalsobeenadoptedbymanyresearcherstocoolhotspotsincomputers.Aminiatureversionofacar...14...mayalsobeasystemtorealizeidealcomputercoolinginthefuture.
KeyandExplanations:
1.D
SeeParagraph3:
...AlexMischenko,ofCambridgeUniversity.Usingcommerciallyavailableparaelectricfilm,heandhiscolleagueshavegeneratedtemperaturedrops...
2.C
SeeParagraph5:
ThefirstPentiumchipssoldbyDrMoore'scompany,Intel,in1993,ranat60mcyclesasecond.
3.F
SeeParagraph8:
...RamaVenkatasubramanian,ofNextremeThermalSolutionsinNorthCarolina,claimstohavemadethermoelectricrefrigeratorsthatcansitonthebackofcomputerchipsandcoolhotspotsby10℃.
4.E
SeeParagraph8:
AliShakouri,oftheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz,sayshisareevensmaller梥osmallthattheycangoinsidethechip.
5.B
SeeParagraph9:
Toimproveonthis,IBM'sresearchlaboratoryinZurichisexperimentingwithtinyjetsthatstirtheliquidupandthusmakesureallofiteventuallytouchestheoutsideofthechannel--thepartwheretheheatexchangetakesplace.
6.TRUE
SeeParagraph2:
...paraelectricmaterials.Theseactlikebatterieswhentheyundergoatemperaturechange:
attachelectrodestothemandtheygenerateacurrent.
7.FALSE
SeeParagraph3(Thatmaybeenoughtochangethephenomenonfromalaboratorycuriositytosomethingwithcommercialapplications.)andParagraph4(Astowhatthoseapplicationsmightbe,DrMischenkoisstillalittlehazy.Hehas,nevertheless,setupacompanytopursuethem.Heforeseesputtinghisdiscoverytouseinmoreefficientdomesticfridges?
8.FALSE
SeeParagraph5:
Heatisreleasedeverytimealogicaloperationisperformedinsideamicroprocessor,sothefastertheprocessoris,themoreheatitgenerates.Doublingthefrequencyquadruplestheheatoutput.
9.NOTGIVEN
SeeParagraph9:
Inthefuture,therefore,acombinationofmicrochannelsandeitherthermoelectricsorparaelectricsmightcoolcomputers.
10.D
SeeParagraph6:
Tweakingtheprocessor'sheatsinks?
hasreacheditslimit.Sohastweakingthefansthatcirculateairoverthoseheatsinks.Andtheideaofsh
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