元音字母开音节和闭音节中的读音.docx
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元音字母开音节和闭音节中的读音.docx
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元音字母开音节和闭音节中的读音
编辑
a
·①在开音节中/eɪ/name,plane,Jane,baby,cake
·②在闭音节中/æ/bag,dad,hat,map,black,back
e
·①在开音节中/i:
/he,these,me,Chinese
·②在闭音节中/e/bed,let,pen,desk,yes,egg
i
·①在开音节中/aɪ/bike,drive,time,nice,kite
·②在闭音节中/ɪ/fish,big,drink,sit,milk,swim
o
·①在开音节中/əʊ/those,close,go,hoe,home,no
·②在闭音节中/ɒ/clock,not,box,shop,sock
u
·①在开音节中
i./ju:
/student,excuse,duty,Tuesday
ii.元音字母u在辅音字母j,l,r,s后面时读/u:
/音,例如:
June,blue,ruler,super。
·②在闭音节中/ʌ/bus,cup,jump,much,lunch
元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
编辑
a
·①在/w/音后面/ɒ/want,what,watch,wash,quality
·②在f,n,sk,ph,sp,ss,st,th前/α:
/after,plant,ask,grasp,glass,fast,father
i
·在-nd,-ld和gh前/aɪ/find,child,light,high
o
·①在-st,-ld前/əʊ/most,postcard,old,cold
·②在m,n,v,th前/ʌ/come,monkey,love,mother
元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
编辑
a
·/ə/China,another,woman,breakfast
·动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读/eɪ/音,例如:
operate,a处在开音节位置
e
·/ə/hundred,student,open,weekend,chicken,children
i
·①/ɪ/holiday,beautiful,family,animal
·②/aɪ/exercise,satellite
o
·①/ə/second,tonight,somebody,welcome
·②/əʊ/also,zero,photo
u
·①/ə/autumn,difficult
·②/ju:
/popular,congratulation,January
·③在辅音字母j,l,r,s后面时,读/ʊ/或/u:
/音,例如:
July,influence,February,issue。
·在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a,e,i既可以读/ə/的音,也可以读/ɪ/的音。
-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
编辑
ar
·①/α:
/car,farm,dark,sharpener
·②在/w/音后面/ɔ:
/warm,quarter,towards
or
·①/ɔ:
/fortymorningshort
·②/ɜ:
/wordworkerworse
er,ir,ur
·/ɜ:
/certainlybirdThursday
·注:
①辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。
例如:
carry,sorry,hurry。
②-r音节在非重读音节中通常读/ə/音,例如:
dollar,teacher,martyr,forget,Saturday。
-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
编辑
are
·/eə/care,dare,hare
ere
·/ɪə/here,mere
ire
·/aɪə/fire,hire,wire
ore
·/ɔ:
/more,score,before
ure
·/jʊə/pure,cure
-re
·/ə/centre,fibre,titre,meagre,saltpetre
注
·①are,ere,ire,ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读/ə/音,例如:
picture,pleasure。
·②重读元音字母加r,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读/r/音。
例如:
parent,zero,story,during,inspiring。
·③另外,某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。
例如:
orange,very,American,paragraph。
元音字组在重读音节中的读音
编辑
ai,ay
·/eɪ/afraid,rain,wait,day,play
air
·/eə/air,hair,chair,pair,repair
al
·①在l,k前/ɔ:
/small,ball,talk,wall,all,talk,
·②/ɔ:
l/always,also,salt,almost
·③在f,m前/α:
/half,calm
au,aw
·/ɔ:
/autumn,daughter,draw
ea
·①/i:
/teach,easy,cheap,please
·②/e/heavy,bread,sweater,weather
·③/eɪ/break,great
ear
·①/ɪə/hear,dear,near,clear,year
·②/eə/bear,pear,wear,swear
·③/ɜ:
/earth,learn,early
ee
·/i:
/jeep,week,green,three
eer
·/ɪə/pioneer,deer,beer
ei,ey
·①/eɪ/eight,neighbour,they
·②/i:
/seize,key
eu,ew
·①在j,l,r,s后/ju:
/new,few,newspaper
·②/u:
/flew,brew,jewelry
ie,ei
·/s/音之后/i:
/piece,field,receive
oa
·/əʊ/coat,Joan,boat,goal
oar,oor
·/ɔ:
/roar,board,door,floor
oi,oy
·/ɔɪ/noise,point,boy,toilet
oo
·/u:
/broom,food,tooth,school,zoo
·/ʊ/book,look,cook,foot,good,football
ou,ow
·①/aʊ/flower,house,count,down
·②/əʊ/know,row,throw,though
·③/ʌ/young,country,enough
·④/u:
/group,soup
our
·①/ɔ:
/course,your,four
·②/aʊə/our,hour,sour
·③/ɜ:
/journey
oul
·/ʊ/would,should,could(主要是情态动词、助动词)
ui
·①在j,l,r,s后/ju:
ɪ/fluid,suicide,tuition
·②/u:
/juice,fruit,suit
非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
编辑
ai,ay,ei,ey
·/ɪ/foreign,monkey
ow
·/əʊ/yellow,sparrow,tomorrow
·注:
元音字组在非重读音节中通常读/ə/音或/ɪ/音。
例如:
serious,famous,biscuit,coffee,neighbour
-sion,-tion
·①/ʃən/impression,nation
·②在元音字母后/ʒən/vision,decision,occasion
·③在s后/tʃən/question,suggestion
-isle
·/aɪl/aisle,Carlisle
-sten
·/sən/listen
-stle
·/sl/whistle
-sure
·/ʒə/pleasure,measure
-ture
·/tʃə/picture,culture
元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
编辑
·复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。
例如:
everyday/eɪ/,handbag/æ/,blackboard/ɔ:
/。
有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。
其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。
例如:
holy(神圣)+day/eɪ/(日子)=holiday/ɪ/(假日):
break(中断)+fast/α:
/(斋戒)=breakfast/ə/(早餐);cup(茶杯)+board/ɔ:
/(木板)=cupboard/ə/(碗柜)。
辅字组的读音
编辑
b
·①/b/ bike,bus,bag
·②/不发/bomb,tomb
c
·①在e前或在i,y前/s/face,decide,cinema
·②其他情况/k/cake,picture,coat,music
·③/tʃ/cello
ch
·①/tʃ/much,chick,rich,teacher
·②/k/school,headache,chemistry(主要为希腊外来词)
·③/ʃ/machine,moustache(主要是法语外来词)
-ck
[k]cock,pocket,black,knock
cz
·[tʃ] Czech
d
·/d/doctor,bread,hand,day
-dg(e)
·/dʒ/bridge,fridge
dr-
·/dr/children,driver,drink
ds
·/dz/hands(主要用于可数名词复数)
f
·/f/five,four,breakfast
·/v/of
g
·①/g/bag,garden,go
·②/dʒ/orange,large,German
·③/ʒ/genre,massage
gh
·①/f/cough,enough
·②/不发/light,daughter,high
gu-,-gue
·①/g/guess,league,dialogue(-gue在非重读音节中)
·②/gw/language,anguish
h
·①/h/hot,head,house,hand
·②/不发/hour,honest
j
·①/dʒ/jeep,jar,joke,join,June
·②/ʒ/Jacques(用于法国人名)
·③/h/Juanita(用于西班牙人名)
k
·/k/kind,bike,skate,make,week
kn-
·/n/knife,know,knock
l
·①/l/life,lead,lot(出现在元音前面)
·②/ɫ/milk,school,tall[出现在元音后面。
可以出现在辅音前,也可出现在辅音后(词尾)]
m
·/m/monkey,come
-mn
·/m/autumn,column,solemn
n
·①/n/not,shine,ten,note
·②在/k/、/g/音前/ŋ/uncle,thank,hungry
-ng
·/ŋ/morning,young,wrong
p
·/p/paper,plane,pig,ship,pen
ph
·/f/elephant,photo,telephone,graph
q
·/k/Iraq
qu-
·/kw/quality,quite
r
·/r/red,rubber,ruler
rz
·/ʒ/Zabrze(扎布热)
s
·①在词首、清辅音前/s/sit,sleep,desk
·②元音字母间或浊辅音前/z/music,husband
sc-
·①/sk/scarlet
·②/s/muscle,science
sch-
·/ʃ/schedule/英′ʃedju:
l,美′skedʒul/
sh
·/ʃ/she,fish,shirt,wash
t
·①/t/ten,letter,meet
·②在弱读字母ia,ie,io前/ʃ/patient,nation
tch
·/tʃ/watch
th
·①/θ/thin,thirty,method
·②/ð/the,these,with,than,clothe,father,weather(在冠词、代词、介词、连词中,以及在词尾-the,-ther中
tr-
·/tr/tree,train,country,truck
ts,tz
·/ts/Tsingtao(青岛),Tientsin(天津),pants(主要用于可数名词复数)
·quartz,Hertz/英hə:
z,美hə:
rts/(用于德国人名)
v
·/v/very,voice,love,leave
w
·①/w/week,win,wake,sweet,wait
·②/不发/answer,two,sword
wh-
·①/w/what,when,white,why
·②在字母o前/h/who,whose,whole
wr-
·/r/write
x
·①在重读元音前/ks/box,text,exercise
·②/gz/example,exist,exact
·③/z/xylophone
y
·/j/yes,yard,yellow,young
z
·①/z/puzzle,zero,zoo
·②/ʒ/azure
·③/ts/pizzaNazi(意大利、德国外来词)
zh
·/ʒ/ zhoosh
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