考博作文背诵终结版读博后整理Word格式.docx
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考博作文背诵终结版读博后整理Word格式.docx
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elders,seniorcitizens,retiredpeople
6.交通方式:
meansoftransportation,publictransit,trafficjams,accidents
7.娱乐:
entertainment,diversion,recreation,leisureactivities,arelaxedlife
8.教育:
education,sustainabledevelopment
9.文化:
culture,convention,tradition,integrity,wisdom,intelligence,heritage
第二部分基本策略
第一个模板
策略1:
支持或者反对:
There’sasolidreasonforthestatementthat重要/获益/有害/不获益
次段:
原因/举例:
Clearly,asIcanseeit,主题词playsakeyrole(threatenstodomoreharmthangood)inoursociety,sowearesupposedtoemphasizeitsimportance(threat)inoureverydaylife.Onereasonisthatbydoingso,itispossibleforusto延伸and延伸.Theotherreason(example)isthatwearemorelikelyto延伸and延伸.Soitissafetosaythatthecentralposition(potentialthreat)of主题词cannotbeignored.
三段:
让步比较/建议整改:
Somepeoplemightpointoutthat延伸,hencetheconclusionthat延伸.Evensuchpossibilityexists,itdoesn’truncountertothestatementthat第二段观点.Suchaconclusionmightbeconservative,butitismorerealistic,persuasiveandconvincing.
四段:
整改措施:
Inthisissue,researchersandexpertsaresupposedtotakeconcretesteps:
whateverapproachtheytake,afeedbackmechanismiscentralofallthings.Foranotherthing,journalistsareobligedtoremindpeopleofthecentralpositionof主题词andthepotentialharmof主题词.Asforthecitizens,itisimportantforthemtowatchoutforthemisconducts,extendingtheirhelpinghandsandfosterrationalvalues.Butthebestpolicyforthemistolearnself-control.
修正了的第二个模板
策略2:
既不支持、也不反对:
Tosimplifytheissuethatwhetherweshould…,onehastotaketwoaspectsintoconsiderationandgiveeachofthemdueattention,oneofthembeing名词,theotherbeing名词.
原因举例:
Clearly,asIcanseeit,主题词playsakeyroleinoursociety,sowearesupposedtoemphasizeitsimportanceinoureverydaylife.Onereasonisthatbydoingso,itispossibleforusto延伸and延伸.Theotherreasonisthatwearemorelikelyto延伸and延伸.Soitissafetosaythatthecentralpositionof主题词cannotbeignored.
平衡比较:
Despitethestatementthat总结第二段,there’retwothingstonote.Onepossibility(example)isthat延伸.Theother(instance)isthat延伸.Somereadersmightthinkthattheyareexceptions,buttheydoexistinoursocietyandequallydeserveourattention.
Tosumup,itcanbeconcludedthatwhile第三段观点,第二段观点.Suchaconclusionmightbeconservative,butitismoreconvincing,realisticandpersuasive.
第三部分:
第二段和第三段的写作思路
1)重要有害要重视;
2)挣钱省时担责任;
3)方便快捷要安全;
4)娱乐要注意健康;
5)帮助别人成就自我;
6)遵守法律和道德;
7)发展兼顾文化环境
第四部分延伸句写作
延伸句的基本理念:
There’re,ofcourse,fivegroundswithwhichapassageiscensured,thatis,itisimpossible,irrational,inconsistent,immoralandtechnicallyatfault.
-Aristotle
一篇文章受到质疑,共有五大原因:
不可能、不合理、不一致、不道德、技术上有缺陷。
-亚里斯多德
写作经验1:
尽量单点延伸,不要什么都说,沿着“态度-行为-结果-影响”模式展开。
写作经验2:
轻易不要吐露“利大于弊”这类说法,这样会带来更多的模板背诵。
写作经验3:
实证写作,二三段内容具体,最没有模板痕迹。
写作经验4:
注意以下题材:
1)时尚、2)广告、3)环境
Moneyisimportant,andthenmanypeoplegiveprioritytoitsrole.Bydoingso,they(always/sometimes/hardly/seldom)行为延伸workintheirsparetimeandmakegoodmoney.Foranotherthing,itispossibleforthemtopayfortheirlivingcost.
延伸句写作的说法
态度→行为→结果→影响
一、挣钱物质(选三)(养老、兼职工作)
1.benefitgreatly(little)from主题词becauseitsrewardishuge.可以从中获益,因为它的回报巨大
2.obtain(purchase)somenecessitiessuchas(including)foodandclothes得到食品衣服
3.beshelteredfrombadweatherordanger有地方住,能不受天气困扰,不受伤害
4.Aseconomyimproves,morepeoplecanearnhandsomesalaryandobtainwell-paidpositions,enjoyapaidvacation.挣得丰厚的收入、得到好工作、享受带薪假期
5.affordtheirlivingcostsuchashousing(roomrent房租),privatecars,tuitionfee,gas,carrepair,andmedicalcare:
承受生活开销,例如买得起房(承受得起房租)车、上得起学、能修车(承受得起修车费)、能买油(承受得起油钱)、看得起病
6.improvetheirlivingstandards改善生活水平,lead(live)aneasy,comfortableandpeacefullife过上舒适的生活,enjoytheirlateyears安享晚年
7.tradeone’shonorfordirtymoney为钱失去尊严,breakacompany’s(national)rules违法乱纪,leakthebusinesssecretstothecompetitors不向竞争对手泄露商业机密,risktheirlivesformoney为了金钱铤而走险
二、时间(选一)(娱乐、上网、专职兼职工作、疲劳驾驶、酒后驾驶)
1.Theyoccupymuchtimethatshouldhavebeenspent(invested)ontheir(work)academicstudies占用很多本来应该花在学业上的时间
2.stayuplateandneithersleepregularhoursnoreatsensibly熬夜、睡眠、饮食不规律
3.Youngstersseldomconcentrateontheiracademicstudies学习精力不集中haveahardtimefinishingtheirassignment没有时间完成学业failtofollowupthecourses学习跟不上graduallylosetheirmotivationtopursuestudy失去学习兴趣getpoortestresults考试不及格
4.indulgeincomputergames沉溺于电脑游戏,liveinaworldfulloffantasies生活在充满虚幻的世界里,escapefromreality逃避现实,feellonely,beisolatedfromreality感到孤独,脱离现实
5.havelittletimetostaywiththeirfamiliesorsocialize没有时间和家人呆在一起
6.eitheridletheirtimeorwastemuchmoney:
耗费时间、浪费金钱,neithermakethemostoftheirsparetimenorearnenoughmoney既没有充分运用时间、也没有挣多少钱
7.theyfeeldizzy,sufferfromheadache(backache),andhavedimsights头晕、头疼、视线模糊,becomedistractedandlessmotivated走神儿、萎靡不振、积极性不高,havelittletimetoreact没有时间反应
三、责任(养老、公务员考试、反腐倡廉)
1.Whenwe’reyoung,parentsbringhomebreadandbacon养家糊口(supportafamily),bringup(raise/nourish)thechildren养育子女
Whenthey’reaging,weareobligedtotakecareofthem养老,respecttheeldersandlovetheyoung.尊老爱幼,setanexamplefortheyoungergeneration为年轻一代做出表率
2.Theyareavoidingtheirdutiesandshiftthemtootherpeople.逃避责任,并把责任推卸给别人。
3.keepsocialorder,维护社会秩序upholdsocialjustice,捍卫社会正义exposesocialevils,揭露社会邪恶crackdowncrimes:
打击犯罪respecttheoldandlovetheyoung,尊老爱幼practicefilialpiety,恪守孝道blessthegoodandpunishtheevil,赏善罚恶protectthepropertyofthecitizens保护市民人身安全和财产安全
safeguardthelegalrightsofcitizens捍卫公民的合法权益
servethecitizenswithheartandsoul全心全意为市民服务
4.shouldertheresponsibilityinsteadofshiftingthemtoothers承担责任
providearangeofsocialservicessuchasmedicalinsuranceandlowincomesupport提供社会保障
donatefood,clothesandmoneytothepeopleindifficulty.向陷入困境的人们捐献食品、衣服和金钱
comfortpeoplewithgreetingandblessing给绝望的人以鼓励和祝福
financiallysupportachildtofurtherhiseducation帮助一个贫困儿童继续上学
assistthedisadvantagedgroupssuchasthepoor,thehomeless,thedisabledandtheseniors.帮助弱势群体
四、方便:
convenience,efficiency,entertainment(传媒:
网络、手机、电视、报刊杂志、E-book)
1.sendandreceiveE-mails收发信件playcomputergamesorchaton-line网上聊天
haveanon-lineconference开网上会议,shop-online网购
2.haveaneasyaccesstoobtain/downloadawealth(bulk)ofup-to-date(fresh/latest)informationfromsocialhighlights,breakingnewstoentertainmentsthroughGoogleandBaidu;
通过谷歌和XX得到大量信息,包括社会热点、爆炸性新闻和娱乐
3.login,typeinourpasswords,accountnumber,andthenorderourfavoritegoodssuchasbooks,foods,andclothes.登录、输入密码和帐号,订购喜欢的商品如书籍、食品和衣服
4.haveaneasyaccessto(download)Americansitcoms,(Hollywood)movies,on-linecoursesofHarvard,YaleandStanford,CNNon-linenews,audioandvideoprograms.网上新闻、音频、视频followupthebreakingnews(scientificdevelopment)aroundtheworld跟踪世界热点新闻
5.beturnedintofreshmen,精力充沛、calmtheirnerveandrestoretheirsouls放松、恢复活力
6.ThroughMSN,speedupcommunication,promotemutualunderstanding,shrinkthedistancebetweenindividuals(people)加快沟通、促进相互了解、拉近彼此的距离
7.speedupcommunicationwithotherpeople,removethebarrier,enlargefriendcircle,extendtheirinformationsources,turnourselvesintofreshmen.扩大朋友圈、扩大信息源,网上聊天改善市民们间的沟通,消除了他们之间的障碍
8.Thoughseldomdowemeettheleaderofacountry,participateinawarortraveltotheMoon,wecanstillobservesuchexperiencesthroughthephotosorlivereportsfromInternet.尽管我们没有碰到过国家领导人、参战或者去月球旅行,我们仍然可以通过图片和网上的现场报道观察到这种经历。
五、快捷:
(交通、城乡差距、要会说“很方便”)
Convenience,efficiency,entertainment
1.Wecanhaveaneasyaccesstoarichselectionofgoodsinashoppingmall,whilewithintenminutes,wecanreachacinemaonlytwostreetsawayfrommyhome.
我们可以在商城里有丰富的商品可选;
只需要十分钟,我们就能到达离家两街之隔的电影院。
2.Wecanarriveatacyberbarwithinaten-minutewalk.AndwecansipacupofBlackiceinaStarbuck.
只要十分钟步行就能到达一家网吧,可以在一家星巴克里饮用咖啡。
3.Usuallyacityiswellequippedwithpostoffices,medicalcenters,schoolsandkindergardens.SoitisconvenientforacitydwellertocallEMS,haveaneasyaccesstomedicalcareortendtheirchildren.城市里有医疗中心、邮局、学校、幼儿园,很容易就能叫特快服务,医疗条件好,能照顾孩子。
4.Acityisaplacewheremanyhighereducationalinstitutionsconcentrate.Theyprovidecitydwellerswithbettereducationalopportunities.在城市里面有很多高等教育机构,他们为城市居民提供多种教育机会。
5.Manymuseumsarelocatedinacityandprovideaculturalsettingformanyvisitors.Peoplecanexpandtheiroutlookandextendtheirknowledgethere.城市里面还坐落着很多博物馆,提供给来访者良好的文化氛围中,人们在那里可以开阔眼界、增长知识。
6.obtainmanyjobopportunities,earnhandsomesalary,obtainawell-paidposition得到工作机会、获得丰厚收入、找到好职位
六、安全(旅游的注意事项、行车安全、网络)
1.feelovertiredordizzy,sufferfromheadacheandhaveadimsight过度劳累、感到头晕、头疼、视线昏暗evenfallsleepwhiledriving开车时睡着了
2.cannotconcentrateontheirdrivingbehaviorsandtheemergencyonthehighway.开车精神不集中,不能注意公路上的紧急情况。
3.Whentheywakeup,theycanhavelittletimetoreact没有时间做出反应
4.comeoffthetrackwhiledriving串道collidewithothervehicles其他车辆产生碰撞
5.damagethevehiclesoftheirownandputotherpeople’slivesingravedanger,orviceversa毁坏车辆、人身安全受到威胁
6.plungeintoatotallystrangeenvironment进入陌生环境(对什么都不习惯)、beoverchargedatawholesalemarket(atanoutlet/atanon-lineshop.)在批发市场挨宰
7.Hotelreservationsorflightsaresometimescancelled,butthe
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