社会心理学题目第四章英文版.doc
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社会心理学题目第四章英文版.doc
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Chapter4BehaviorandAttitudes
9#502
名词解释
1.Attitude:
个体对事情的反应方式
2.Role:
处于特定社会位置的人被期望表现出的行为
3.Foot-in-the-doorphenomenon:
如果想要别人帮你一个大忙,一个有效的策略是:
请他们帮一个小忙。
4.Self-perceptiontheory:
当我们观察自己的行为时我们会做出类似的推断。
填空题
1.The“ABCs”ofattitudes:
affectbehaviorcognition
2.DarylBemputforwardtheself-perceptiontheory
3.Toreduceandeliminatecognitivedissonancewecan:
ChangecognitionChangebehaviorIncreasethirdpartycognition
4.self-presentationtheoryassumesthatforstrategicreasonsweexpressattitudesthatmakeusappearconsistent.
5.self-presentationalsonamesImpressionManagement
单选题
1.WhichofthefollowingoptionsisnotoneoftheABCsofAttitudes?
(C)
A.affectB.behaviorC.beliefD.cognition
2.Whichofthefollowingoptionsisthefunctionofattitudeonbehavior(B)
A.decideB.predictC.changeD.strength
3.Whensayingbecomesbelieving?
(A)
A.whenthereisnocompelling,externalexplanationforone’swords
B.whenthereisnoonedisagreeswhatyousaid
C.whenyoubelieveinwhatyousaid
D.whenpeoplebelieveinwhatyousaid
4.whichofthefollowingoptionsistrueaboutimpressionmanagement?
(B)
A.ourattitudeschangebecausewearemotivatedtomaintainconsistencyamongourcognition.
B.weexpressattitudesthatmatchouractions.
C.weexpressattitudestoleaveagoodimpressiontoothers.
D.theabovesarewrong.
5.whatimpressionmanagement’spurposeis?
(A)
A.tocreateagoodimpression
B.tofeelourselvesalright
C.tobecomeabetterperson
D.theabovesarewrong
6.“HereIamsmokingagain,Imustlikesmoking。
”whichofthefollowingcanexplainthesentence?
(D)
A.self-persention
B.self-justication
C.impressionmanagement
D.self-perception
7.“Ilooklikeacoolsmoker.”whichofthefollowingcanexplainthesentence?
(B)
A.self-perception
B.impressionmanagement
C.self-justication
D.self-observation
8.“Idon’tsingbecauseIamhappy,IamhappybecauseIsing.”whichofthefollowingcanexplainthesentence?
(A)
A.insufficientjustificationeffect
B.self-perceptiontheory
C.selfpresentationtheory
D.impressionmanagement
9.whichofthefollowingistrueaboutcognitivedissonancetheory?
(C)
A.thesmallestincentivethatwillgetpeopletodosomethingisusuallythemosteffectiveingettingthemtoliketheactivityandkeepondoingit.
B.peopleexplaintheirbehaviorbynotingtheconditionsunderwhichitoccurs.
C.whenexternalinducementsareinsufficienttojustifyourbehavior,wereducedissonancebyjustifyingthebehaviorinternally.
D.theresultofbringpeopletodowhattheyalreadylikedoing;theymaythenseetheiractionsasexternallycontrolledratherthanintrinsicallyappealing
10.socialpsychology’sdetectivesuspectthreepossiblesourcesaboutwhyactionsaffectattitude,whatarethey?
(C)
A.selfpresentation,overjustificationeffect,cognitivedissonance
B.selfpresentation,overjustificationeffect,insufficientjustificationeffect
C.selfpresentation,selfjustification,selfperception
D.selfpresentation,selfjustification,impressionmanagement.
多选题
1Whydoesourbehavioraffectourattitudes(ABC)
Aself-presentation:
impressionmanagement
Bself-justification:
cognitivedissonance
Cself-perception
Dsocialmovement
2Howwelldoourattitudespredictourbehavior( ABD )
Awhenattitudespredictbehavior
Bwhenattitudesarepotent
Cwhensayingbecomesbelieving
Dwhentheattitudecorrespondsverycloselytothepredictedbehavior
3Whendoesourbehavioraffectourattitude(ABD)
Aroleplaying
Bsocialmovements
Ccomparingtheories
Devilandmoralacts
4Whichofthefollowingstatementsiswrong(AB)
ARoleplaycannotpredictourattitude
Bthefoot-in-the-doorisnotveryeffective
CThelawofbehaviordecisionattitudemayleadtounethicalbehavior
DPositivebehaviortootherswillenhancetheimpressionofthepeople
5ClaudeSteele’ssuggestwhyis“volunteering”tosayordoundesirablethingsoarousing,(ABC)
Aactareembarrassing
Btheymakeusfeelfoolish
Ctheythreatenoursenseofpersonalcompetenceandgoodness
Dpeoplerarelyinternalizecoercedbehavior
6Reduceandeliminatethestressandpsychologicaltensioncausedbythecognitivedissonance,usuallytakethefollowingways(ABD)
Achangecognition
Bchangebehavior
Cchoosetoescape
Dincreasecognition
7Whatreasonwillproducepleasantbehavior(AC)
Aintrinsicmotivation
BTheenvironmentalfactors
Cextrinsicmotivation
Dabovethree
8Whichofthefollowingisafoot-in-the-doorphenomenon(ABC)
ADecomposingalargeproblemintoanumberofsmallproblems
Bwhenaskingforhelp,askforalittle.
CWhenmakingaplan,firstcompletethesimplepart.
DAttainthehighestlevelinonestep
9Whichofthefollowingstatementsisright(ABCD)
AsocialpsychologistAllanWickerofferedashockingconclusion;People’sexpressedattitudehardlypredicttheirvaryingbehavior
Bself-consciouspeopleusuallyareintouchwiththeirattitude
CCruelbehaviorwillerodetheconscienceoftheactor
Dwhenthereisnocompellingexternalexplanationforone’sword,sayingbecomesbelieving
10Howtochangetheirbehaviorbythe(AD)
Achangethemselvesattitude
BHaveagoodhabit
CDevelopabelief
DListentoothers'advice
判断题:
1.Noncoordinationtheorymainexplainthecontradictionbetweenbehaviorandattitude.(yes)
2.Behaviorcandeterminesattitude,butattitudecannotpredictbehavior.(no)
3.peoplealwaysinternalizecoercedbehavior.(no)(rarely)
4.helppeoplefostersliking.(yes)
5.harmingpeoplefostershated.(yes)
问答题
1.Pleasewritedownthemaincontentsof“cognitivedissonancetheory”
答:
认知不协调理论假定当两种想法或信念在心理上的不一致是我们就会感到紧张——因此,当我们决定说或做一些事是,我们会带有一定的感情。
为减少这种不愉快的感觉体验,我们经常会调整自己的想法。
2.WritethreetheoriesthatBehaviorinfluenceattitude
答:
自我展示理论认为,出于某些重要的原因,我们会表现出一定的态度,以使我们看起来一致。
认知不协调理论认为,为了减少自己的内心不适,我们说服自己某些行为是合理的。
自我自觉理论假定我们的行为可以揭示自我。
3.Whatistherelationshipbetweentheinnerandtheouter?
答:
我们的个人信念和感情决定我们的公众行为,而且如果要改变行为,就必须改变精神和灵魂。
4.Pleaseexplainfoot-in-the-doorphenomenon,andofferanexample
答:
如果想要别人帮你一个大忙,一个有效的策略是:
请他们帮一个小忙。
如邀请选修普通心理学课程的学生在上午7点整来参加一个实验时,仅仅有24%的学生露面。
但是,如果让这些学生在事先不知道时间的情况下答应参加实验,然后再要求他们在上午七点整来,结果53%的学生回来。
案例分析题:
1.WhyThesalesmanisnotdirectlyPersuadeyoutobuyhisgoods,butFirsttrial,thenrequestustobuy.
心理学家认为,一下子向别人提出一个较大的要求,人们一般很难接受。
如果逐步提出要求,不断缩小差距,人们就比较容易接受。
这主要是由于人们在不断满足小要求的过程中已经逐渐适应,意识不到逐渐提高的要求已经大大偏离了自己的初衷。
这是因为,人们都希望在别人面前保持一个比较一致的形象,不希望别人把自己看作“喜怒无常”的人。
因而,在接受别人的要求、对别人提供帮助之后,再拒绝别人就变得更加困难了。
如果这种要求给自己造成损失并不大的话,人们往往会有一种“反正都已经帮了,再帮一次又何妨”的心理。
于是,登门槛效应就发生作用了。
2.PleaseanylaseSmokingisharmfultohealth,butmanypeoplestilldoit.
当一个人的行为与自己先前一贯的对自我的认知(而且通常是正面的、积极的自我)产生分歧时,他便出现了认知失调的现象。
吸烟者通常知道吸烟的危害,但是仍然选择吸烟,这便是认知失调的现象。
认知失调理论研究当人具有相互失调的认知因素时的心理体验的特点,以及在这种体验作用下的心理活动变化。
费斯廷格认为,相互失调的认知因素会引起人的心理上的紧张,并产生不愉快体验,他将其定义为失调感。
例如,一个平日吸很多烟的人,读了论证吸烟可能导致患肺癌的文章后,心理体验是不愉快的。
因为“我平日吸许多烟”与“研究证明吸烟很可能引起肺癌”这两个认知因素相互失调。
失调感的程度依赖于两个因素:
一是两个认知因素矛盾的程度;二是从个人角度看,两个认知因素的重要性。
给人带来不愉快心理体验的失调感可成为动机作用于人,使人努力减弱或消除它。
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