bets2 语法.docx
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bets2 语法.docx
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bets2语法
Lesson1
2.本讲语法:
现在完成时
1)基本用法
★结构:
Sb. has/have p.p.(过去分词) sth.某人已经完成某事
★用法:
表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响。
强调的是现在的影响和结果,是一种状态。
★例句:
—Haveyouwrittenalettertoyourmother?
(写了吗?
) —Yes,IwroteonelastSunday.(上周日写的)
★时间标志:
already,never,ever,just,yet,before,uptonow,sofar,inthelast/pastthreeyears等,用来表示“到目前为止”发生的动作。
2)本讲难点:
for+段时间,since+点时间等,这种时间状语下的谓语动词必须要求是可延续性动词。
eg. ThegirlhasbeenawayfromChinaforthree years.(这个女孩出国已三年了。
)----不可以使用hasleftChinaforthreeyears.
★常见的点动词:
come,go,arrive,leave,begin,start, buy,join,die,buy,find,stop,become,open,borrow,lend,close,fall,finish,sell,lose,kill等,这些动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
★点动词和延续性动词的转化:
come/arrive/join------bein go/leave-----beawayfrom/beout start/begin----beon
stop/finish----beover open---beopen close----beclosed buy/borrow-----have/keep
die----bedead
3.巩固练习
单项选择
1.Hehas______theTVsetformanyyears.
A.bought B.borrowed C.kept D.had
2.Themeeting______fortwominutesbeforeIgotthere.
A.hasbegun B.hasbeenon C.hadbegun D.hadbeenon
3.Couldyoupleasetellmewhen_____toChina?
A.haveyoutraveled B.youhavetraveled C.didyoutravel D.youtraveled
4.Tomwithhistwinbrother_________thevillagesincetwoyearsago.
A.havejoined B.hadjoined C.hasbeenin D.havebeenin
5.Thehomelesschildren________lotsofhelpbythepeopleintown.
A.havebeengiven B.hasbeengiven C.havegiven D.hasgiven
6.Myletterisstillonthedesk.Why_______you______it?
A.haven’t;posted B.didn’t;post C.wasn’t;posting D.won’t;post
7.Bruceisyoung,buthe___manyforeigncountries.
A.hasbeento B.hasbeenfor C.hascometo D.hasgoneto
8.Mr.Smith_______Chinafortenyears.
A.cameto B.hascometo C.wasin D.hasbeenin
9.—MayIspeaktoJohn?
—Sorry,he___Japan.Buthe___intwodays.
A.hasbeento,willcomeback B.hasgoneto,willcomeback
C.hasbeenin,wouldcomeback D.hasgoneto,won’tcomeback
句型转换:
1.Tomleftherefiveminutesago.(同义句)
Tom___________________________fromhereforfiveminutes.
2.Themoviebeganhalfanhourago.(同义句)
Themovie______________________________forhalfanhour.
3.Hehasn’treadsuchagreatbooksincehebegantowork.(对画线部分提问)
_________________________________hereadsuchagreatbook?
4.Theboysaidtohisteacher,“Ihaveneverseenthatfilm.”(同义句)
Theboy________histeacherthat___________________________thatfilm.
5.Iboughtthebiketwodaysago.(同义句)
I____________________thebike_________twodays.
6.他已参军两年。
Hehas_____________________thearmyfor2years.
7.Theshopopenedat8am.
Theshop______________________________since8am.
答案:
单选1.D 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.A 8.D 9.B
句型转换1.hasbeenaway 2.hasbeenon
3.Howlonghasn’t 4.told;hehadn’tseen
5.hashad;for 6.beenin; 7. hasbeenopen
Lesson2
本讲语法:
过去进行时
1)结构:
Sb. was/were doing sth.
2)用法:
a.表示在过去的某个时刻发生的事情。
eg>Iwasreadingabookat8lastnight.
b.表示在过去的某段时间持续不停的动作。
eg.>Hewascleaningtheyardallmorning.
3) 扩展:
A.when引导的时间状语从句。
(当一件事正在进行时发生了另外一件事,过去进行时+一般过去式)
Theelectricitywassuddenlycutoffwhenthechildrenwerehavingaparty.
B.while引导的时间状语从句。
(两件事情同时进行,过去进行时+过去进行时)
MyparentswerecookingwhileIwasstudyingformy testforthenextday.
3.巩固练习。
用正确的词填空。
e.g.He was baking (bake)acakewhenhiswife came(come)backhome.
1)I________________(sleep)whenthetelephone__________(ring).
2)James_________(hurt)hislegswhenhe_____________(ride)thebicycle.
3)Mybrother________(listen)toPresidentGorgeBush’sspeechwhenhe_____________(study)inYaleUniversity.
4)Jane_________(trip)downwhenshe________________(walk)downthestairs.
5)Daniel________(lose)hissuitcasewhenhe____________(catch)abus.
6)I_____________(wash)myfacewhilemyhusband_________________(shave).
7)Mr.andMrs.Lin________________(watch)TVwhiletheirdaughter______________(cook)dinner.
8)Acanofpaint________(drop)onthemwhenthey_________________(paint)theirhouse.
Lesson3
本讲语法:
被动语态
★被动语态的构成:
受动物+be+p.p.(过去分词)+(by施动者)
★不同时态的主动变被动语态:
时态 主动 被动
一般现在时 do/does isare+done
一般过去时 did was/were+done
现在进行时 am/is/aredoing am/is/arebeing+done
过去进行时 was/were doing was/werebeing+done
现在完成时 has/havedone has/havebeen+done
一般将来时 will will be+done
情态动词 can/may/mustdo can/may/mustbe+done
★主动变被动三步骤:
Step1:
找出施动者,受动者和动作
Step2:
变被动,被动语态的构成be+done
Step3:
检查两要素(be,过去分词.)
注意:
主动变被动,时态不能变
3.巩固练习
1.Ourhouse_____.
A.isgettingpaint B.isgettingpainted C.isgotpainted D.hasgottopaint
2.HearrivedinBeijing,wherehe_____hisfriend.
A.wasmetby B.wasmet C.wasmeeting D.metby
3.Thewar_____in1937.
A.wasbrokenout B.hadbeenbrokenout C.hasbrokenout D.brokeout
4.Themistakesintheexerciseswill_____theteacher.
A.cross B.becrossing C.becrossedby D.crossby
5.MybrotherandIhave__________herbirthdayparty.
A.beeninvited B.beeninvitedfor C.invitedto D.beeninvitedto
6.It_______thisway.
A.ishadtodo B.ishadtobedone C.hadtobedone D.hastodo
7.It________thisway.
Ausedtodo B.usedtobedone C.isusedtodo D.isusedtodoing
8.__________Chaplin.
A.Thechild’snamewascalled B.Thechild’snamecalls
C.Thechildcalls D.Thechildisnamed
9.Thesportsmeeting____________.
A.isputoff B.istoputoff C.istobeputoff D.putsoff
10.Maryrealizedshe_________.
A.wasmakingfunof B.wasmadefun C.wasbeingmadefunof D.wasbeingmadefun
11.___________tosayathinginthatway
A.Itisconsiderswrong B.Itisconsideredwrong
C.Itisconsideredit’swrong D.Itisconsiedringwrong
12.Heorderedthatthebooks_______atonce.
A.wouldbeprinted B.wouldprint C.beprinted D.print
13.Thestory_____________inChina.
A.wastakenplace B.washappened C.tookplace D.hasbeentakenplace
14.Thehouse_____________myparents
A.isbelongto B.belongto C.belongsto D.isbelongedto
15.He___________byhisteacher.
A.happenedtosee B.washappenedtosee
C.happenedtobeseen D.washappenedtobeseen
答案:
BADCDCBDACBCCCC
Lesson4
语法重点:
Todosth.动词不定式的常见用法
1)疑问词+todo在转述句中充当问句
eg.Thefrightenedlittleboydidn’tknowwhattodo.那个受惊的小男孩不知该做些什么。
Lostinastrangecity,Idon’tknowwhomtoaskforhelp.在一个陌生的城市迷路,我不知道该向谁寻求帮助。
2)todosth.做定语
somethingtoeat吃的东西,bookstoread看的书,ahousetolivein居住的房子,athingtoremember难忘记的事
3)too…to…太。
。
。
以至于不能做某事eg.TheChinesefootballistooweaktoenterainternationalcompetition.
…enoughto…足够。
。
。
以至于能够。
。
。
eg.Theroomisbigenoughtohold300people.
4)Itis/wasadj.(for/ofsb.)todosth.对某人来说,。
。
。
太。
。
。
了
eg.It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.
5)beabouttodosth.将要做某事
eg.thereissomeoneknockingatthedoorwhenIamabouttogotobed.我正要上床的时候有人敲门。
6)特别注意的两组短语
remembertodosth.记得去做某事(还没做)forgettodosth.忘记去做某事(还没做)
rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事(已完成)forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事(已完成)
7)两个特殊的动词不定式
letsb.dosth.让某人做某事hadbetterdosth.最好做某事
8). 常见动词不定式词组
decidedtodo,start/begintodo,remember/forgettodo,wanttodo,has/havetodo,
teachsb.todo,suggest/advisesb.todo.
ask/tell/order/request/command/demandsb.todosth要求、命令某人做某事
lesson5
宾语从句
Amy:
Hieverybody.Iwanttoknowifeveryoneishere.
Cindy:
Yes.We’dliketothankyoufortakingusaroundRadioBeijing.
Amy:
Don’tmentionit.Ienjoyshowingvisitorsaround.
Cindy:
CanyoutellmehowIcanbecomeagoodnewsreader?
Idon’tknowwhattodo.
Amy:
OnradioBeijingeveryoneneedstospeakEnglishwell.Sokeepstudyingifyouwanttojoinus.Here’swhereIwork.Wedecidewhattolistento…andwhotosee.
Cindy:
Whataboutthesportsnews?
Ilikelisteningtothefootballresults.
Amy:
That’soverthere.
Cindy:
I’dliketobeasportsreporter.
Amy:
Me,too.
Cindy:
Oh,thisiswherewepreparetheweatherreports.
Let’swatchthenewsreader.
一.宾语从句的定义
Iheardthathewouldcomeherelateron.
主语谓语动词一个句子作宾语
二.宾语从句中引导词(连接词)的用法
在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有:
连词:
that(that常可省略),whether,if
当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。
如:
Idon'tknowif/whetherhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.
我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。
代词:
who,whose,what,which
副词:
when,where,how,why等。
三.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即:
连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。
宾语从句练习1
()1Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.
A.cantakeB.wouldtakeC.takesD.willtake
()2Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.
A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergone
C.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen
()3Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___dictationtoday.
A.hadB.has.C.willhaveD.are
()4SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.
A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay
()5Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.
A.travelledB.hast
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