江苏省盐城市学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题.docx
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江苏省盐城市学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题.docx
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江苏省盐城市学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题
江苏省盐城市2020-2021学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题
学校:
___________姓名:
___________班级:
___________考号:
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一、阅读选择
BestCareersinAustralia
Ifyou'reattemptingtotakeyourfirststepsonthecareerladder,thiscountryiscertainlyrichwithopportunity.Inthisarticle,we'llbelookingat4ofthebestcareersinAustraliaandwhythey'reconsideredrewarding.
WildlifeBiologist
Ifyouloveworkingwithanimals,andenjoyseeingourfantasticwildlifeintheirnaturalhabitat,thelifeofawildlifebiologistmaybeforyou.Someofyourdailydutiesmayinvolvetakinganimalpopulationstudies,markinganimals,anddevelopinghabitatmanagementplans.
AverageSalary:
AU$58,014peryear
Teacher
You'llbeabletoteachsubjectsthatyou'reknowledgeableandenthusiasticaboutandinspirethatsameenthusiasminyourstudents.You'llbeabletomakeapositivecontributionandhelptoshapethefutureofAustralia.Althoughteachersmayhaveasettimetableeveryday,notwodayswilleverbethesame.
AverageSalary:
AU$67,694peryear
AgedCareWorker
Workingwiththeelderlyisafantasticjobthataffordsyouanenormousvarietyandjobsatisfaction.AsAustralia'spopulationgetsolder,moreandmoreskilledandenthusiasticcareworkersareneeded.What'smore,thecareoftheelderlyissodifferentthatnomatterwhereyourskillslie,it'seasytofindapromisingcareer.
AverageSalary:
AU$40,605peryear
AppDeveloper
You'llworkwithallkindsofbusinessestocreatecustom-madeapplicationsthateitherhelpmaketheirbusinessesmoreefficientorbringvaluetotheircustomers.It'sarewardingandincreasinglyin-demandprofession.
AverageSalary:
AU$74,492peryear
1.Ifyoulikeworkingoutdoors,whichcareerwillyouapplyfor?
A.WildlifeBiologist.B.Teacher.C.AgedCareWorker.D.AppDeveloper.
2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?
A.Anagedcareworkermayfindthejobiseasy.
B.Ateacherneedstobeknowledgeableaboutallsubjects.
C.AwildlifebiologistcamsAU$67,694peryear.
D.AnAppdeveloperwillcreateappsattherequestofcustomers.
3.Whowillmostprobablytakeaninterestinthistext?
A.Aresearcher.B.Aneducator.C.Ajobhunter.D.Astudentvolunteer.
Asourboatmovesquicklyupanddowninawindyice-filledsmallbay,Itrytojudgethehealthconditionofthepolarbear(北极熊)infrontofme.WeareinFranzJosefLand,aremotepartofRussiabetweentheBarentsSeaandtheArcticOcean.
Whileoffshorebearsfollowtheseaice,huntingseals(海豹)oniceallyearround,bearsthatlivebytheseaspendtheirsummersonlandandareforcedtosearchforwhatevertheycanfind.Relyingonlow-caloriemealssuchastheeggsofnestingseabirds,itisharderforthesebearstopackonthepounds.ResearchersrecentlyfoundthatoffshorebearsaroundtheBarentsSeaaresomeofthemostpollutedanimalsonEarth.Thisisadirectconsequenceofthesealstheyfeedon.
Overaperiodof14years'study,HeliRouttifromtheNorwegianPolarInstitutefoundthatoffshorefemalebearswereinabetterhealth,havinggreaterbodyweight,thanfemalebearsbythesea,butonaveragetheirlevelsofpollutantscalledPFASsare33percenthigher.
PFASsareusedtomakeindustrialproductswhicharepoisonousanddegrade(降解)veryslowly.ThesepollutantsfindtheirwaytotheArcticthroughair,wheretheyfallinsnowandgraduallyaddupintheice.Astheicemeltseverysummer,thePFASsgointothewater,wheretheyenterthefoodchain.Theyeventuallymaketheirwayintothefatthatkeepssealswarmandfromthereintothebearsthateatthem.
Duringmy15daysinFranzJosefLand,Isawfivebears,alllivingbythesea.Eachlookedrelativelyhealthy.Therearesignsthatthesebearsaredealingwiththeglobal-warming-causedicelossrelativelywell.“Thebears,sofar,seemtobehandlingtheseaiceloss,”saysAndrewDerocherattheUniversityofAlberta,whoworkedwithRouttionthestudy,“ButI'msurethat'sgoingtochangeifthespeedoficelossincreasessharplyinthearea.”
4.Fromthetextwecanlearnpolarbearslivingbythesea________.
A.eatsealsoniceallyearround
B.lookforfoodonlandinsummer
C.becomethemostpollutedanimalsonEarth
D.stayontheiceinsummertoavoidhotweather
5.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“packonthepounds”inParagraph2mean?
A.Putonweight.B.Movearound.
C.Fightagainstpollution.D.Livealone.
6.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?
A.TherateofPFASs'degradation.B.TheeffectsofPFASsontheenvironment.
C.TheprocessofPFASs'enteringpolarbears.D.TheapplicationofPFASsinmodemindustry.
7.AccordingtoAndrewDerocher,whatwillhappeniftheseaicelossincreases?
A.Morepollutantsmaygointotheair.B.Itwillmakenodifferencetobears.
C.Thedeathrateofsealsmayincrease.D.Bearsmightfailtoadapttothechange.
Ifyouwanttolearnalanguage,trysleepingonit.ThisistheadvicefromresearchersatSwanseaUniversitywhoarestudyingtheinteractionbetweensleeppatterns,dreamingandmemoryconsolidation(记忆巩固)—theprocessforlayingdownmemoriesinthebrainmoresecurely.
InastudytobepublishedinJournalofSleepResearch,thescientistslookedathowsleepandthevalueattachedtopiecesofinformationafleettheirmemorability.Participantsinthestudysleptinaspeciallydesignedlab,whiletheirbrainactivitywasbeingmonitored.
NativeEnglishspeakerswhohadrecentlyarrivedinWaleshadtomemorizeWelshwordsandweretestedonthem12hourslater.Onegrouphadtoremembertheinformationduringthedaytime,whiletheothersleptonitinthelab.
Thesleepersperformedmuchbetterinatestoftheirnewlyacquiredvocabulary—andcaringabouttheWelshlanguagefurtherimprovedperformance.
Relatedworkinthesleeplab,presentedattheBritishScienceFestival,aimstounderstandwhethertheyareabyproductofothereventsoccurringduringsleep.Tounderstandthetimingandcontentofdreams,theteamanalyzedthedreamsparticipantsreportedintheirownwords,immediatelyonbeingwoken.
Thisresearchfoundthatthelikelihoodofexperiencingadreamisparticularlyhigh—about80percentduringREMsleep.Thispartofthesleepcycle,characterizedbyrapideyemovements,isthoughttoplayanimportantroleinmemoryconsolidation.
Electricalactivityinthebrainvariessignificantlyatdifferentstagesofsleep.Thishelpedresearcherstomonitorthelengthandqualityofsleep,andtowakeparticipantsatparticularpointsinthesleepcycle.
Theresearchfounddaytimeeventsweremorelikelytobeformedintodreamswithaone-daydelayandtohappenagainandagainafteranotherfivetosevennights.Thisiscalledthedream-lageffect.
8.Whatisthestudymentionedinthetextmainlyabout?
A.Thewaytolearnalanguage.B.Theeffectsleephasonmemory.
C.Theexperimentinaspeciallydesignedlab.D.Thephenomenonofdream-lageffect.
9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"them"inthe3rdparagraphreferto?
A.Thesleepers.B.TheWelshwords.
C.Theresearchers.D.ThenativeEnglishspeakers.
10.WhatdoweknowaboutREMsleep?
A.Italwayscomeswithadream.B.Itisharmfultohumans.
C.Itisimportanttomemoryconsolidation.D.Itlaststhroughoutthenight.
11.Fromwhichsectionofamagazineisthetextmostprobablytaken?
A.Economy.B.Entertainment.C.Society.D.Science.
Shewasthe19th-centuryfounderofmodernnursing,knownforhercontinuouscareofwoundedsoldiersintheCrimeanWar.Inanearlierageofcontagion(接触性传染),shewasfaraheadofhertimeinrealizingthatcleanliness,freshairandopen-airexercisehelpedpatientsrecoverfrominjuryanddisease.
NowanunpublishedletterthatFlorenceNightingalereceivedasateenagerfromherfathershowsthathewasamajorinspirationinshapingherapproachtoahealthymindandbody.
In1835,WilliamNightingalewrotetohisdaughtersettingoutaroutineforkeepingfit."Exercisefor10minuteseverydaybeforebreakfast.Beforeyoudressdotheexerciseofthearms20times.Inthecourseoftheday,20minutes'exercisemustbedoneandifnotdonewell,another10minutesshouldbeadded...Somenewpoetrytobelearnedandtwothingspreparedforthisevening.Ifanyofthesethingsaren'tfinished,youwillworkthemupthenextday."
Theletterwillfeatureinabook,FlorenceNightingaleatHome,tobepublishedinNovember.Theletterisamongtheunpublishedmaterialsonwhichthebook'sfourauthorshavedrawnanditoffersnewinsightsintoherpioneeringwork.
Nightingalehadahappychildhoodatatimeofwidespreadchildlaborandhighbabydeathrateswhenmostpeoplelivedinsmall,uncleanhousesandhospitalsweredirtyandbadlyrunwithmanypatientshavinglittlehopeofcomingoutalive.WhenNightingalefirstbecamefamous,peoplewereamazedattheideathatsomeoneusedtolivinginacountryhousewouldgivethatupinordertonursethepoor.Herownparentswerealsoshockedtolearnthatshewantedtobecomeanurseinanagewhennurseswerethoughtofasmorallywrong.
WilliamNightingale's1835letterwasamongtheunpublishedmaterialsunearthedfrompilesofboxesatClaydonHousewhereNightingale'ssisterlived,nowaNationalTrustproperty.
12.WhydidFlorenceNightingale'sfatherwritethelettertoher?
A.Toensureherahappychildhood.
B.Toplanaroadtosuccessforher.
C.Toinspirehertobuildahealthymindandbody.
D.Tomakeherthefounderofthemodernnursing.
13.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?
A.FlorenceNightingalewasasoldierintheCrimeanWar.
B.FlorenceNightingaledislikedhisfather'swayofeducation.
C.MostpeopleinFlorenceNightingale'stimesufferedalot.
D.FlorenceNightingale'sparentswereamazedat
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