考研英语试题及答案.docx
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考研英语试题及答案.docx
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考研英语试题及答案
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
SectionⅠUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]
or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughterasabodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.
But1someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitness.
Laughterdoes2short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,3heart
rateandoxygenconsumption.Butbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto4,agoodlaughis
unlikelytohave5benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.
6,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparently
accomplishesthe7.Studiesdatingbacktothe1930'sindicatethatlaughter8muscles,
decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.
Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp9theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,
theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof10feedback,thatimprovean
individual'semotionalstate.11oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted
12physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry13
theyaresadbutthattheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.
Althoughsadnessalso14tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow15muscular
responses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityof
WürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto16apeneitherwiththeirteeth—therebycreating
anartificialsmile—orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea(n)17expression.Thoseforcedto
exercisetheirsmilingmuscles18moreenthusiasticallytofunnycartoonsthandidthosewhose
mouthswerecontractedinafrown,19thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjust
theotherwayaround.20,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.[289words]
1.[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like
2.[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce
3.[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining
4.[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe
5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable
6.[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief
7.[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected
8.[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes
9.[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance
10.[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal
11.[A]Exceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor
12.[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at
13.[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because
14.[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses
15.[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond
16.[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold
17.[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent
18.[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted
19.[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing
[D]Conversely[C]Similarly[B]Consequently20.[A]Eventually
SectionⅠReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or
[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhas
beenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointment
n2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.Hooray!
Atlast!
wrote
AnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.
Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertis
comparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert'sappointmentintheTimes,
callshimanunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.Asa
descriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslike
GustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersas
faintpraise.
Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,
heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisit
AveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogo
tomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.
Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformanceare
missingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classical
instrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,and
museums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20th
century.Theserecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartistic
qualitythantoday'sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbeconsumedatatimeandplaceofthe
listener'schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisis
intheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.
Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnot
yetavailableonrecord.Gilbert'sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:
AlexRoss,a
classical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto
amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?
Merelyexpandingtheorchestra'srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicare
tosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica'soldestorchestraandthenew
audienceithopestoattract.
21.WelearnfromParagraph1thatGilbert'sappointmenthas.
[A]incurredcriticism[B]raisedsuspicion
[C]receivedacclaim[D]arousedcuriosity
22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois.
[A]influential[B]modest
[C]respectable[D]talented
23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers.
[A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances
[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances
[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances
[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances
24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?
[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.
[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.
[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.
[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.
25.RegardingGilbert'sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeels.
[A]doubtful[B]enthusiastic
[C]confident[D]puzzled
Text2
WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanationwas
surprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightout
andsaidhewasleavingopursuemygoalofrunningacompany.Broadcastinghisambitionwas
verymuchmydecision,McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththe
boardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember
29.
McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindof
companyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.
AndMcGeeisn'talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquit
withtheexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplans
inresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon'tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.A
turbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncements
cloudtheirreputations.
Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomake
thejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervous
boardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,
opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.
Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.Foryears
executivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesarethe
oneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:
Ican'tthinkofasingle
敳牡档?
?
敶搠湯?
桷牥?
?
潢牡?
慨?
潮?
湩瑳畲瑣摥洠?
潴氠潯?
瑡猠瑩楴杮?
佅?
楦獲?
Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven'talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarram
quitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeago,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.Itwasayearbeforeshe
becameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin
2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthree
yearslater.
Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmade
itmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.Thetraditionalrulewasit'ssaferto
staywhereyouare,butthat'sbeenfundamentallyinverted,saysoneheadhunter.Thepeople
桷?
皯?
敢湥栠牵?
桴?
潷獲?
牡?
桴獯?
桷?
皯?
瑳祡摥琠潯氠湯?
26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing.
[A]arrogant[B]frank[C]self-centered[D]impulsive
27.AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutives'quittingmaybespurredby.
[A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus
[B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife
[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards
[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals
28.The
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