8BUnit1知识点教材Word格式文档下载.docx
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8BUnit1知识点教材Word格式文档下载.docx
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ill与sick
sick
作表语
生病的,恶心的
Hiswifewassickinbedwithacold.
作定语
生病的
Janeistakingcareofhersickmother.
ill
Shehasbeenillforaboutamonth.
坏的
Theillboylovesplayingtricksonhiseldersister.
8.teachsb.todosth.教某人做某事
CouldyouteachmetopaintChinesepaitings?
9.offerv.主动提出
offersth.
提出某事
Heofferedagoodplanforourholiday.
offertodosth.
(主动)提出做某事
Tomofferedtodriveustothebusstation.
offersb.sth./offersth.tosb.
(主动)给某人提供某物
Weshouldofferothersourhelp.
10.duringprep.在……期间
Weoftengoswimmingduringthesummer.
Hecametoseemeduringmyillness.
IonlysawheronceduringmystayinRome.
during,in与for
during
用于某事是在某一段时间之内发生时,强调动作或状态的持续性
Duringthosethreemonthsheaskedalotofquestions.
in
一般情况下可与during互换,但表示某一动作发生在某一时间段内时,宜用in
WeusuallytakeaholidayinJuly.
for
用于某事持续多久时
Tomwasinschoolforonlythreemonths.
11.sufferfromsth.因某事受苦,受折磨,其后常接表示疾病、痛苦、寒冷、饥饿、悲伤的词语,无被动语态。
Manyteenagersaresufferingfromthecomputergames.
Hischildissufferingfromabadcold.
Thiscountryoftensuffersfromfloodsanddrought.
12.seriousadj.严重的;
严肃的seriouslyadv.严重地;
严肃地
Thereisnothingserious.
Helooksserious,butheisverykind.
13.ImetagirlcalledCindy.
1)作定语是过去分词的用法之一,过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面。
IlikethesongssungbyLiuHuan.
2)过去分词(短语)作定语相当于一个定语从句
IlikethebookswrittenbyLuXun.=IlikethebooksthatwerewrittenbyLuXun.
13.takephotosof给……拍照,takephotos拍照
Tonyenjoystakingphotos.
Hisuncletooklotsofphotosofanimalsindanger.
14.Therebe句型。
therebe句型表示存在,某地有某物,be动词应与紧跟其后主语的单复数形式保持一致。
主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is或was,主语是复数可数名词时用are或were.
Thereissomebreadontheplate.
Therewasalotofraininaweek.
Therearesevendaysinaweek.
当therebe句型中有几个并列的主语时,be动词的形式通常与离其最近的主语的单复数形式保持一致。
Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.
Therearetwoboysandateacheroverthere.
15.tellvt.讲述;
告诉,tellstories讲故事
CanyoutellstoriesinEnglish?
tell,talk,speak与say
tell
告诉,讲述
表示把某件事或某条信息传达给别人,也可以表示“讲故事”或“讲谎话”等
talk
交谈,谈话
talkto/wtihsb.与某人交谈,talkabout谈论
speak
说,发言
常用来指说某种语言,也可指发言等。
say
说
强调说的内容,它的后面或前面往往有说话的内容
Helikestotelljokes.
Hetellsmethathewantstobeateacher.
Pleasetalktohimrightnow.
HecanspeakEnglishandalittleChinese.
CanyousayitinEnglishoncemore?
16.helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事,helpsb.withsth.
Heoftenhelpsme(to)studyEnglish.
=HeoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglish.
helponeselftosth.随便吃某物
Helpyourselvestosomefish,children.
can’thelpdoing禁不住做……
Shecan’thelplaughing.
17.expressvt.表达,表露
Billisnotafraidtoexpresshisopinions.
expressionn.表达,表示
18.spendvt.度过,消磨
Hespenthisholidayinthecountrywithhisfriends.
spend花费Howmuchmoneydoyouspendeachweek?
sb.+spend(s)+money/time(in)doingsth.
sb.+spend(s)+money/timeonsth.
TheyspendalotoftimewatchingTVeveryday.
Hedoesn’tspendmuchmoneyonfood.
19.dievi.死,dies,died,dying
Hisgrandfatherdiedin1996.
Hedied3yearsago.
Hehasbeendeadfor3years.
20.unhappyadj.否定前缀un-,in-,im-,ir-,dis-
1)大多数形容词加前缀un-ableunablefriendlyunfriendly
2)以c或e开头的形容词通常加前缀in-构成反义词
correctincorrectexpensiveunexpensive
3)以p开头的形容词通常加前缀im-
possible-impossiblepoliteimpolite
4)以r开头的形容词通常加前缀ir-
regularirregular(不规则的)
5)有些形容词加前缀dis-构成反义词
honestdishonest
含有加前缀构成的反义形容词的句子不属于否定句。
在改为反意疑问句时,附加问句部分仍用否定形式。
Heisunhappytoday,isn’the?
21.lonelyadj.孤独的,寂寞的
Heledalonelylifewithfewfriends.
lonely与alone
lonely
形容词
表语
孤独的;
寂寞的
主观感受
定语
偏僻的;
荒凉的
alone
孤单的;
孤独的
客观感受
副词
状语
单独地;
独自地
22.need实义动词,“需要”,后面可接名词、代词或动词不定式。
Theydon’tneedanyhelp.
Heneedstohaveagoodrest.
need情态动词,没有人称和数的变化,后接动词原形,主要用于否定和疑问句中。
Youneedn’tbecomeverynervous.
—MustIbringmyhomeworknow?
—No,youneedn’t.Youcanbringittomorrow.
23.continuevt.使继续;
使连续,其后接动词不定式或动名词作宾语,且都表示“继续做某事”
Theycontinuedtohaveaparty.
Mikecontinuedreadingthebook.
continuevi.继续;
连续;
延伸
Thesnowcontinuedfortwodays.
continuewithsth.
Youcancontinuewithyourwork.
24.difficulty[U]困难,费劲havedifficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困难
Ihaddifficulty(in)workingoutthemathsproblems.
havetrouble(in)doingsth.做某事有麻烦haveproblems(in)doingsth.做某事有问题
havefun(in)doingsth.做某事有乐趣
25.bringvt.带来LiuNanbroughtsomebeautifulflowersyesterday.
bring,take,get与carry
bring
从某处将某人或某物“带来”,后面常接双宾语
来
Remembertobringmethepictures.
take
将某人或某物从说话人处“带到”另一处
去
Iwon’ttakeyouthere.
get
去某处将某人或某物“带到”说话人处
Pleasegetsomepaperforme.
carry
强调“负重”或“搬运”
无
Hecarriedababyonhisdesk.
26.hurtvt.受伤
Hefelloffatreeandhurthisarm.
hurtvt.伤害Youshouldn’thurtit.
vi.(身体部位)疼痛,使用时应用疼痛的具体部位作主语。
MystomachhurtsbecauseIhaveeatentoomanyapples.
n.伤痛,伤害,创伤Imeannohurttoherfeelings.
27.likeprep.像Youshouldeatyangfoods,likebeef.(阳性事物)
TeenagerswanttobefamouspersonslikeLiuXiang.
1)looklike想起来像soundlike听起来像feellikedoingsth.想做某事
2)likev.喜欢
27.raiseone’sspirits使振奋;
使鼓起勇气
Myfriend’sletterraisedmyspirits.
28.inthefuture在将来
Ithinkpeoplewillliveonthemooninthefuture.
infuture从今以后,相当于fromnowon
TryyourbesttostudyEnglishinfuture.
futureadj.未来的,将来的Wearenowmoreabletopredictfuturepatternsofclimatechange.
29.ingoodhealth身体健康,常在句中作表语,相当于healthy,但比healthy意思更丰富。
使用时也更灵活。
Ihopemyparentsareingoodhealth.
Theoldmanisinbadhealth.
30.1)beafraidof害怕,不敢,其后可接名词、代词或动词
Sheisafraidofsnakers.
Iwasafraidofgoingthroughthewoods.
2)beafraid+that从句,表示“担心/害怕……
Hewasafraidthathewouldlose.
3)I’mafraid…恐怕,属于口语中的委婉用语,表示遗憾、惋惜、判断或表示因不愿意做某事而显得语气缓和些,其否定形式为I’mafraid…not…
I’mafraidthatIcan’thelpyou.
31.somethingdangerous危险的事,something为不定代词,dangerous修饰something的后置定语,这一类不定代词有something,everything,anything,nothing,someone/somebody,everyone/everybody,anyone/anybody,nobody等。
Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.
Isthereanythingnewintoday’snewspaper?
32.make+宾语+形容词,使某人或某物怎么样,形容词在此结构中作宾语补足语
Thenewsmademehappy.
MissWangalwaysmakesherEnglishclassesinteresting.
33.oneof+the+形容词最高级+复数名词最……之一
TheYellowRiverisoneofthelongestriversinChina.
33.read,look,see与watch
1)read阅读,常用于看书、看报等。
Ilikereadingbooksathome.
2)look指集中注意力地看,是有意的,强调“看”的动作。
单独使用时,用来引起对方的注意;
如果跟宾语,要和at连用。
Look!
Tomisoverthere.
Lookattheblackboard,please.
3)see强调“看”的结果,意为“看见,看到”。
Howmanybirdscanyouseeinthetree?
4)watch强调“专注地看”有欣赏的意味,常用于看电视、看球赛等。
DoyouwatchTVatnight?
34.sothat引导目的状语从句,“以便”,从句中常有can,could,may,might等情态动词。
Sothat从句可以转换成“inorder+that从句,inordertodo结构。
IworkedhardsothatIcouldfinishmyworkontime.
Iworkedhardinordertofinishmyworkontime.
sothat结果,因此Itrainedheavily,sothatwehadtostayathome.
35.enjoyv.喜欢;
享受……乐趣
Ienjoywatchingactionmovies.
enjoyoneself相当于havefun或haveagood/greattime过得快乐,玩得愉快
Theyenjoyedthemselvesattheeveningparty.
enjoyableadj.愉快的Swimmingintheseaisenjoyableforme.
36.inhospital生病住院,inthehospital在医院里,两者的含义有差别
MrWuhasinhospitallastweek.
Myparentsareinthehospitalnow.
37.makefriends和……交朋友
Iwanttomakefriendswithpeopleallovertheworld.
exchangeseats交换座位shakehandswith与……握手
taketurnstodosth.轮流做某事joinhandswith与……联系/合作
38.1)until直到……时候,直到……为止,指主句的动作一直持续到until后的动词所表示的动作发生为止。
Wewalkeduntilitgotdark.
Gostraightonuntilyoucometothewhilebuilding.
2)until与非延续性动词连用时,动词用否定形式,“直到……才……”,指主句的动词一直到until后的动词所表示的动作发生时才发生。
Thelittlegirdidn’tstopcryinguntilshesawhermother.
3)until也可用作介词,后接表示时间的名词或名词短语。
We’llstayhereuntiltomorrow.
39.1)pay(sb.)moneyforsth.付钱(给某人)买某物
Ihavetopaythem20poundsforthisroomeachmonth.
2)payforsth.付某物的钱
Ihavetopayforthelostbook.
3)payforsb.替某人付钱
Don’tworry!
I’llpayforyou.
4)paysb.付钱给某人
Theypayuseverymonth.
5)paymoneyback还钱
MayIborrow12yuanfromyou?
I’llpayitbacknextweek.
pay,spend,take与cost
pay
指买某物付多少钱,句子的主语是人
spend
表示花费时,宾语通常是时间、金钱等,句子的主语是人,常用的句型有spendonsth.和spend…(in)doingsth.
常用来指花费时间,句子的结构常常是it作形式主语放在句首,真正的主语(动词不定式)方在后面
cost
常用来表示“花费金钱”,句子的主句通常是物
Ipaid5,000yuanforthecomputer.
Shespentalotofmoneyonbooks.
Shespentthewholeevening(in)reading.
Ittakesmethreehourstogothere.
Thepencostmetenyuan.
39.howmuch
1)用于询问不可数名词的数量,意为“多少”
Howmuchriceisthereinthebag?
2)用于询问价格,意为“多少钱”
Howmuchisthepen?
howmany多少;
几个,用来询问数量,后接可数名词的复数形式。
—Howmanypencilsdoyouhave?
—Ihaveone.
40.usevt.使用,利用
Useyourhead,andyou’llfindagoodway.
1)usen.利用,构成短语makeuseof利用……
Weshouldmakegooduseofeveryminute.
2)usefuladj.有用的
It’susefulforyoutolearnEnglish.
41.decide决定
1)decid(not)todosth.
Theydecide(not)
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