初高中英语过渡 语音知识教材.docx
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初高中英语过渡 语音知识教材.docx
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初高中英语过渡语音知识教材
第一章语音知识
【语音学习要点:
】
1.字母:
语言书写形式的最小单位。
英语中有26个字母,其中元音字母有a,e,i(y),o,u。
2.音素:
字母(组合)的语音形式。
英语中有48个音素。
3.音标:
音素的书写符号。
国际音标共有48个,其中元音20个,辅音28个。
4.音节:
由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。
ap-ple,stu-dent,tea-cher,un-der-stand。
5.开音节:
1)相对开音节:
以辅音字母加不发音的e结尾的音节【(辅音+)元音+辅音+不发音的e】。
如name,bike,home.
2)绝对开音节:
以元音字母结尾的音节【辅音+元音】。
如:
he,go,hi.
6.闭音节:
单个元音字母后面有辅音字母组成(rwy除外),且以辅音字母结尾的重读音节。
1)元音+辅音
2)元音+辅音+辅音
7.重读音节:
单词中发音特别响亮的音节。
一、音标:
英语的音标共有48个,分为元音和辅音:
元音分类表
单元音
短元音
[ɪ][ʊ][ɒ][ə][Λ][e][æ]
长元音
[i:
][u:
][ɔ:
][З:
][ɑ:
]
双元音
[eɪ][aɪ][ɔɪ][əʊ][aʊ][ɪə][eə][ʊə]
辅音分类表
成对辅音
清辅音
[p][t][k][f][ϑ][s][ts][tr][∫][t∫]
浊辅音
[b][d][g][v][ð][z][dz][dr][ʒ][dʒ]
其它辅音
[h][m][n][ŋ][l][r][w][j]
Frontvowels:
[i:
]发音字母:
eeeaeieei
1.bemewehesheeatbeatpleaseteacherteamealseefeelfreetreethreepiecereceive
2.Newwords
breeze/bri:
z/n.微风tease/ti:
z/v逗弄weave/wi:
v/v.编织feed/fi:
d/v.吃草
fleece/fli:
s/n.羊毛asleep/ə´sli:
p/ad.入睡toss/tɒs/v.摇摆
3.Seethebreezeteasingthetree,
Weavingtheleavesorshakingthemfree,
Tossthefleeceofsheep,thatkeep
Onpeacefullyfeeding,halfasleep.
[ɪ]发音字母:
iye
1.sitfitbigpickgivemissillfillthinkrichwhichmanytwentyhappydictionarydecidedelicious
2.Newwords
tick/tɪk/v.(钟表)滴答glide/glaɪd/v.消逝weeds/wi:
dz/n.杂草
slip/slɪp/v.滑过,溜过swiftly/´swɪftlɪ/ad.快,迅速
3.“Tick”theclocksays,“tick,tick,tick!
”
Whatyouhavetodo,doquick;
Timeisglidingfastaway.
Formotherlandletusdoourbit.
[e]发音字母:
eaeaie
1.getyetwetneckbedbegtentellbestnextheadbreadsweaterbreakfastheavypleasuremanyanyfriend
2.Newwords
section/´sekʃən/n.部分fellow/feləʊ/n.伙伴connect/kə´nekt/v.连accept/ək´sept/v.接受
3.Goodbetter,best,
Neverletitrest;
Tillgoodisbetter,
Andbetterbest.
[æ]发音字母:
a
1.capmapfathadhatmadlackbackcatchmanranbankactfacthand
2.Newwords
rattle/´rætl/v.(车辆)疾驰时发出的轮子的响声
crackle/´krækl/n.噼啪声sparks/spɑ:
ks/n.火花clang/klæŋ/v.叮当声
3.ImetalittleboyJack
Whocamefromanorthenland.
Icouldn’tspeakhislanguage,
ButItookhimbythehand.
Backvowels
[ɑ:
]发音字母:
ara
1.arthardarmmarchpartyafterarmymarketfastlastchanceclassglass
2.Newwords
twinkle/´twɪŋkl/v.闪烁wonder/´wʌndə/v.对…感到好奇diamond/´daɪəmənd/n.钻石harbour/´hɑ:
bə/n.港口starry/´stɑ:
rɪ/a.多星的barge/bɑ:
dʒ/n.大平底船
3.Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar
HowIwonderwhatyouare!
Upabovetheworldsohigh,
Likeadiamondinthesky;
Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar
HowIwonderwhatyouare!
[ɒ]发音字母:
oa
1.topshoplockgodhotrockcostlonglostbodycopysorrysoftwantwhatwashwatch
2.Newwords
froggy-boggy/´frɒgɪ´bɒgɪ/n.青蛙(儿语)rock/rɒk/n.岩石
shock/ʃɒk/n.震惊,吓了一跳pond/pɒnd/n.池塘plop/plɒp/n.扑通一声(入水声)
3.froggy-boggysatonarock;
froggy-boggyhadagreatshock!
froggy-boggyfelloffthetop;
intothepondhefellwithaplop.
[ɔ:
]发音字母:
alarauaworouroor
1.talkwallhallalwayswarmquarterdaughterautumnsawlawshorthorseforfortysportdoorfloorstorefouryourdoorfloor
2.Newwords
crawl/krɔ:
l/v.爬soar/sɔ:
/v.高飞broad/brɔ:
d/a.魁梧的(指体格)
3.Goodmorningtoallwhowalk
Goodmorningtoallwhocrawl
Goodmorningtoallwhosoar
Orswim,GoodmorningIcall
Tobroadandsmall,toshortandtall.
Goodmorning,goodmorningtoall.
[ʊ]发音字母:
ooouuo
1.footgoodwoodcooklookbooktookshouldcouldwouldpushbushpullfullputwomanwolf
2.Newwords
noon/nu:
n/n.中午pool/pu:
l/n.池子cool/ku:
l/a.凉快
wood/wʊd/n.森林crooked/´krʊkid/a.弯曲的cuckoo/´kʊku:
/n.布谷鸟
4.AtnoonItookabook
Andsatbythepoolinthewood,
Andputmyfootinthepool.
Oh,howcool!
[u:
]发音字母:
oooouu
1.doloseshoewhofoodfooltootoothchoosesoongroupyoudutymusicruletruthbluetrue
2.Newwords
droop/dru:
p/v.下垂,低垂croon/kru:
n/v.低唱
gloom/glu:
m/n.阴暗处troop/tru:
p/v.列队前进
centralvowels
[Λ]发音字母:
uoouoo
1.upcupgunfunsuchcomedoessomeoneotherdozencolourcovernonemoneyhoneydoubletroublesouthernbloodflood
2.Newwords
mutter/mʌtə/n.火车开时发出的声音grumble/´grʌmbl/n.火车开过时发出的声音
thunder/´θʌndə/n.雷鸣tunnel/´tʌnl/n.地道,隧道rumble/´rʌmbl/n.隆隆响声
3.Thereisamutterandgrumbleintheground
Whenthunderingcomestherain;
Thenintothetunnelitrumbleson
Andanothercomesthunderingagain.
[З:
]发音字母:
irureareror
1.firstsirbirdthirdbirthshirtwordworstearlyyearheardsearchhertermchurchfurhurtnurse
2.Newwords
worm/wЗ:
m/n.虫,蚯蚓squirm/skwЗ:
m/n.蠕动earth/З:
θ/n.泥,土murmur/mЗ:
mə/n.低声chip/tʃЗ:
p/n.鸟叫声
3.Wormssquirmintheearth
Whenfirstisheard
Themurmurandchip
Oftheearlybird.
[ə]发音字母:
eroroaeurure
1.agoamongaboveagreeaheadasleepassistattackfeverteacherworkerdoctoractorforget
togethertomorrowtodaywelcomepolicemanstudentchildrenopendifferentSaturdaypicture
2.Newwords
butter/´bʌtə/n.黄油sugar/´ʃugə/n.糖flour/´flaʊə/n.面粉
beat/bi:
t/v.打,搅拌bake/beɪk/v.烤,烘oven/ʌvn/n.烤炉
3.Butterandsugarandeggsandflour,
Beatthemagainforhalfanhour,
Bakethecakeforanhourormore,
Butyounevermustopentheovendoor.
Diphthongs
[eɪ]发音字母:
aayaieieyea
1.datemadetakesamechangepaydaywaywaitrainpainteightweighttheygreygreatbreak
2.Newwords
labour/´leɪbə/n.劳动力sake/seɪk/n.原因spade/speɪd/n.铲
parade/pə´reɪd/v.游行shake/ʃeɪk/v.摇晃case/keɪs/n.情况,案列
3.Rain,rain,goaway,
Comeagainanotherday,
LittleJohnnywantstoplay.
[əʊ]发音字母:
oowoa
1.gosonohopeoldcoldtoldsoldwrotebelowknownlowshowrowsoapboatcoatthough
2.Newwords
rose/rəʊz/n.玫瑰花closed/kləʊzd/a.关闭的frozen/frəʊzn/a.冰冻的
golden/gəʊldn/a.金色的glow/gləʊ/v.发光
3.Showmewherethoserosesgrow,
Closedandcoldasfrozensnow,
Orslowlyopeningwide,andshowing,
Howtheirgoldenheartsareglowing.
[aɪ]发音字母:
iyigh
1.widelifesizekindfindwhiletryflytypewhyhighfightlightmighttiedielieeyebuy
2.Newwords
pike/paɪk/n.矛头mike/maɪk/n.话筒tide/taɪd/n.潮
iron/´aɪən/n.铁strike/straɪk/v.罢工,打,击invite/ɪn´vaɪt/v.邀请
wind/waɪnd/mystring/strɪŋ/收下放风筝用的线
guide/gaɪd/youdownforthenight把你收起来过夜
3.Flykite,highinthesky,
Brightintheshininglight;
ThenI’llwindmystring,andtrytoguide
Younicelydownforthenigh.
[aʊ]发音字母:
ouow
1.nowoutmouthsouthsoundaboutaroundhouseloudcowbrowntowndowntowerpower
2.Newwords
cow/kaʊ/n.奶牛bow/baʊ/v.鞠躬brown/braʊn/a.棕色的gown/gaʊn/n.长袍plough/plaʊ/v.耕地
3.Cow,cow,
Friendlyandbrown,
Letdownyourmilk,
Forthehungrytown.
[ɔɪ]发音字母:
oyoi
1.boytoyjoydestroyedvoicenoisesoilchoicecoinjoinboil
2.Newwords
spoil/spɔɪl/v.损坏loyal/´lɔɪəl/a.忠诚的oyster/´ɔɪstə/n.牡蛎toil/tɔɪl/n.辛苦
3.Ohjoy,ohjoy,
Achildwithhistoy,
Shoutingatthetopofhisvoice,
Makingsuchaterriblenoise,
Ohjoy,ohjoy
[ɪə]发音字母:
eerearere
1.beerdeerearteardearfearcheernearhearclearreallyideaheremerely
2.Newwords
sphere/sfɪə/n.领域superior/sju:
´pɪərɪə/a.优越的
sincere/sɪn´sɪə/a.真诚的mysterious/mɪ´stɪərɪəs/a.神秘的
[eə]发音字母:
earairareereeir
1.airchairpairhairfairbearpeartearweardarecaresharesparetherewheretheirtheirs
2.Newwords
mare/meə/n.母马mayor/meə/n.市长bear/beə/n.熊
fair/feə/n.市场,集市square/skweə/n.广场
3.Onamaregoesthemayor,
Tothefairatthesquare,
Preparedtobuyalittlebear,
Thatwillsitonhisfairchair.
[ʊə]发音字母:
ure
1.surepurecurepoortour
2.Newwords
furious/´fjʊərɪəs/a.激烈的tourist/´tʊərɪst/n.旅游者rural/´rʊərəl/a.农村的
curious/´kjʊərɪəs/a.好奇的fury/´fjʊərɪ/n.狂怒obscure/əb´skjʊə/a.含糊的
Consonants
Thestopconsonants
/p,b/
1./p/pickparkpeacepoolpayputpulltopshophope
/b/bitbigbellbutbikebookbillbarkboughtwebrob
/p-b/对比pea-bepark-barkrip-ribcup-cub
2.Newwords
skip/skɪp/v.跳(绳)rope/rəʊp/n.绳plenty/´plentɪ/a.很多的
blouse/blaʊz/n.女衬衣trip/trɪp/v.绊倒hop/hɒp/v.跳
3.Skip,skip,
Jumptherope;
Plentyofpeopletrip;
Butwehopandplay,
Andjumpallday,
Soskip,skip,skip!
/t,d/
1./t/teatiptelltaptoptooktoolturntaketimetowntaught
/d/deepdipdarkdoghidfoodgoodpaiddiereaddate
/t-d/对比bet-bedlate-laidset-sadsight-sidefeet-feed
2.Newwords
daffy-down-dilly/´dæfɪdaʊn´dɪlɪ/n.花名dance/dɑ:
ns/v.跳舞
dewy/´dju:
ɪ/a.带露水的dawn/dɔ:
n/n.黎明
3.Feet,takemeeast,
Feet,takemewest;
Feet,takehomeagain,
Toteaandletmerest.
/k,g/
1./k/keykingkeptcatcancostcouldcomekindcoldseek
/g/gogetgotgasgodgunpigbegdogguidegirlgate
/k-g/对比pig-pickbag-backdog-docklog-lock
2.Newwords
bouquet/bʊ´keɪ/n.花束dig/dɪg/v.挖掘disgraceful/dɪs´greɪsfʊl/a.丢人
begpardon/´beg´pɑ:
dn/对不起ma’am/mæm/n.夫人
3.Whereareyougoing,bigpig,bigpig?
I’mgoingtodiginthegarden.
Inthegardentodig!
Disgracefulpig!
Begpardon,ma’am,begpardon.
Thefrictionconsonants
1./f,v/
1./f/feetfitfeltfatfarmfondformfewfunleafhalfleft
/v/vastvoteveryvoiceviewleavelivesevenhavelove
/f-v/对比leave-leafsave-safelive-lifevast-fast
2.Newwords
puff/pʌf/v.吹,喷fluff/flʌf/n.绒毛feather/´feðə/n.羽毛
violet/´vaɪəlɪt/n.紫罗兰valley/´vælɪ/n.山谷hill/hɪl/n.小山
3.Puff,puff,
Andfly,feather,fly;
Puff,puff,
That’senough-
It’sfar,faroffinthesky.
/θ,ð/
1./θ/themethinthingthankthoughtthird
/ð/thethistheythatthosethanbreathe
/θ-ð/对比breath-breatheworth-worthynorth-northern
2.Newwords
thread/θred/n.线thick/θɪk/a.粗thin/θɪn/a.细
thimble/θɪmbl/n.顶针faithful/´feɪθful/a.忠实的mirth/mЗ:
θ/n.欢乐
3.Mythreadistoothick!
Mythreadistoothin!
Sothisisthethingwe’lldo;
WebothwillaskMother
Togiveusanother,
Andwithitathimbletool!
/s,z/
1./s/seatsitsatsoftsidethiscostpassrestgashouserice
/z/zoozerolosehisashaswasriseroseboys
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