英国文学总结Word文档格式.docx
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英国文学总结Word文档格式.docx
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6.Proseliteraturedidshowitsappearanceuntilthe8thcentury.
7.TheAnglo-SaxonswereChristianizedinthe7thcentury.
8.EnglishliteraturebeganwiththeAnglo-SaxonsettlementinEngland.OfoldEnglishliterature,Beowulf,thenationalepicoftheEnglishpeople,isanexampleoftheminglingofnaturemythsandheroiclegends.
9.TheAngles,SaxonsandJutescamefromthecontinentandsettledintheisland.TheycomposedtheTeutonictribe.ThelanguagespokenbythesetribeswerecalledAnglo-SaxonorSaxon
10.literatureofthisperiodisdividedintotwotypes:
Pagan(异教)andChristian(基督教)literature.ItwasamixtureofpaganandChristianelements.
11.NationalepicoftheAnglo-SaxoniscalledtheSongofBeowulf(贝奥武夫).
1.Epicislongnarrativepoemsthatrecordtheadventuresorheroicdeedsofaheroenactedinvastlandscapes.Thestyleofepicisgrandandelevated.TheexampleofepicistheSongofBeowulf,IliadandOdyssey.
2.TheheroofthesongofBeowulfisBeowulf.
3.TheartisticfeaturesofthenationalepicthesongofBeowulfareusingalliterationandmetaphorandunderstatement.
4.alliterationisarhetoricaldevice,meaningsomewordsinasentencebeginwiththesameconsonantsound(头韵).Ortwoofmorewordsinaphraseorlinehavethesameinitialsound.Example:
thesongofBeowulf.
PartⅡTheAngloNormanPeriod.
1.In1066,theconquerorWilliam,withhisNormansarmy,succeededininvadinganddefeatingEnglandinthebattleofHasting.
2.Theliteratureinthisperiodwasremarkableforitsbright,romantictalesofloveandadventure.ThelanguageinthisperiodwasacombinationofFrenchandSaxonelements.
3.Themostnotedliteratureforminthisperiodisromances
4.theprevailingformofMedievalEnglishliteratureisromance
5.Thethemeofloyaltytokingandlordwasrepeatedlyemphasizedinromance.
6.Romancesarealongcomposition,sometimesinverse,sometimesinprose,describedthelifeandadventuresofanoblehero.ItwastheprevailingliteratureforminthefeudalEngland.TheexampleforromancesisSirGawainandtheGreenKnight.
7.ThestoryofSirGawainandtheGreenKnightistheculminationoftheArthurianromances.
8.Chivalryreferstothegreatspiritswhichshownintheknight’sdeeds.
PartⅢGeoffreyChaucer.
1.Heisregardedasthe“thefatherofEnglishpoetry”or“thefounderofEnglishpoetry”
2.Inthe14thcentury,themostimportantwriter(poet)isChaucer
3.Chaucer’smaincontributionstoEnglishliteraturecanbefoundfromlanguageaspect.
4.ItisChaucerwhoformallyfinishedtheblendofthreelanguages,Anglo-SaxonEnglish,FrenchandLatintoshapetheearlyformofmodernEnglish.
5.ItisChaucerwhofirstusedtheLondonDialectEnglishinformalwriting,anditisduetohiswritingthatmodernEnglishbecametheonlynationallanguageacceptedbyallEnglishpeople.
6.ItisChaucerwhofirstusedthe“HeroicCouplet”(双韵体).
7.the“HeroicCouplet”referstotherhymedacoupletof5accentsiniambicmeter
8.ChaucerdevotedmasterpieceTheCanterburyTalestoEnglishliterature.Whichremainsaclassicwithsufficientheritageinbothlanguageandartisticachievements?
9.TheCanterburyTalesismorethanacollectionoftrue-to-lifepictures.Takingthestandoftherisingbourgeoisie,Chauceraffirmsmenandwomen’righttopursuetheirhappinessonearthandopposesthedogmaofasceticismpreachedbythechurch.
10.ChaucerdiedonOctober25th,1400,andwasburiedinWestminsterAbbey.Hewasthefirsttobeburiedinthepoet’sCornerofWestminsterAbbey.
11.Chaucer’searliestworkofanylengthishisTheRomanutoftheRose,whichisatranslationoftheFrenchRomandelaRose.Itwasaloveofallegory(寓言)enjoyingwidespreadpopularityinthe13thand14thcenturiesnotonlyinFrancebutthroughoutEurope.
12.ToughtheCanterburyTaleswasneverfinished,ChaucersucceededinhispurposesowellthatinithehasgivenusapictureofcontemporaryEnglishlife.
13.TheCanterburyTalesbeginswithageneralprologue.(总序言)wherewearetoldofacompanyofpilgrims.
14.ThepilgrimsarepeoplefromvariouspartsofEngland,representativenessofvariouswalksoflifeandsocialgroup,withvariousinterests,tastesandpredilections
15.Inthe14th,themostimportantwriterisGeoffreyChaucer.
16.TodayChaucerisacclaimednotonlyas“thefatherofEnglishpoetry”butalsoasthe“thefatherofEnglishfiction”.HismasterpieceisCanterburyTales
17.ThefifteenthcenturyhasbeentraditionallydescribedasthebarrenageinEnglishliterature.ButitisthespringtideofEnglishballads民谣
18.AftertheNormanConquest,feudalsystemwasestablishedinEnglishsociety.
19.Theromanceswereusuallycomposedforthenoble,andhadnothingtowiththecommonpeople.
20.TheprevailingformofMedialEnglishliteratureistheromance
21.ThestoryofSirGawainandtheGreenKnightistheculminationoftheArthurianromances
22.AftertheNormanConquest,threelanguagesexistedinEnglandatthattime.TheNormansspokeFrench
23.Thethemeofloyaltytokingandlordwasrepeatedlyemphasizedinromances
TrueandFalsestatements
1.In1066,AlexandertheGreatledtheNormanarmytoinvadeEngland.ItwascalledtheNormanConquest(F)AlexandertheGreat→WilliamtheConqueror
2.AfterNormanConquest,scholarsoftenwrotechroniclesandreligiouspoemsinEnglish(F)English→LatinorFrench
3.ThestoryofSirGawainandtheGreenKnightistheculminationoftheromancesaboutCharlestheGreat(F)
CharlestheGreat→KingArthurandhisknights.
4.ChauceradoptedandattitudeofoppositionagainstChristianityandattackedthecorruptionofthecontemporarychurchgovernmentinhispoems(T)Christianity→Catholicism
5.Allthe22talesintheCanterburyTaleswerewritteninverseform.(T)
6.Chaucer’slanguage,nowcalledOldEnglish,isvividandexact.HeisthefirstgreatpoetwhowroteintheEnglishlanguage(F)OldEnglish→MiddleEnglish
7.ThespokenEnglishofChaucer’stimeconsistedofseveraldialects,andChaucerdidmuchinmakingthedialectofLondonthestandardforthemodernEnglishspeech.(T)
partⅢ.TheRenaissance
1.The16thcenturyinEnglandwasaperiodofthebreakingupoffeudalrelationsandestablishingofthefoundationsofcapitalism.
2.ThomasMorewrotehisfamousworkUtopia
3.duringElizabethanperiod,FrancisBaconwrotemorethanfiftyexcellentessays,whichmadehimoneofthebestessayistinEnglishliterature.
4.Spenserisoftenreferredtoasthe“poet’spoet”
5.IntheElizabethanperiod,ShakespeareisthegreatestplaywrightofEngland.
6.TheprincipleideaofShakespeare’shistoricalplaysisthenecessityfornationalunityunderoneking.TheseideaswereofvitalinteresttotheElizabethanaudience.
7.Shakespeare’ssonnetismadeupofthreequatrainswithdifferentrhymes,followedbyacouplet.Therhymeschemeisababcdcdefefgg
1.The16thcenturywasatimewhen,accordingtoThomasMorse,"
sheepdevouredmen"
2.TheoldEnglisharistocracyhavingbeenexterminatedinthecourseoftheWaroftheRoses,
3.AbsolutemonarchyinEnglandreacheditssummitduringthereignofQueenElisabeth.
4.TogetherwiththedevelopmentofbourgeoisrelationshipsandformationoftheEnglishnationalstatethisperiodismarkedbyaflourishingofnationalcultureknownastheRenaissance.
5.Renaissancemarkedthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld
5.UtopiawaswrittenbyTomasMore,whowasanoutstandinghumanistof16thcentury.IntheUtopia,hegaveaprofoundandtruthfulpictureofthepeople’ssufferingsandputforwardhisidealofafuturehappysociety.
Nowadays,thiswordhasbecomesynonymwithutopiansocialism.
6.AttheendofthecenturythegreatEnglishscientistandphilosopherFrancisBacon,wrotehisfamousphilosophicalandliteraryworks.
7.Lyricalpoemreferstothepoemsthatexpressthewriter’sdeepemotion.IntheperiodofRenaissance,ThomasWyattwastherepresentativeoflyricalpoem.AndhewasthefirstonetointroducethesonnetintoEnglishliterature.
8.GreatpopularitywaswonbyJohnLyly’snovelEupheuswhichgaverisetotheterm“euphuism”(华丽辞藻)
9.ThegreatestofthepioneersofEnglishdramawasChristopherMarlowe(马洛)
10.ItwasMarlowewhomadeblankversetheprincipalvehicleofexpressionindrama
11.Blankverseisatypeofpoetry,distinguishedbyhavingaregularmeter,butno
rhyme.InEnglish,themetermostcommonlyusedwithblankversehasbeeniambicpentameter.Note:
Shakespeare’spoemswerewrittenintheformofblankverse.
12.TomasWyattwasthefirstonetointroducethesonnetintoEnglishliterature.
13.TheepochofRenaissancewitnessedaparticulardevelopmentofEnglishdrama.ItwasMarlowewhomadeblankversetheprincipalvehicleofexpressionindrama.
14.FrancisBaconwasthefirstEnglishessayist.
15.AbsolutemonarchyinEnglandreacheditssummitduringthereignofQueenElizabeth
16.EnglishResistancewasanageofpoetryanddrama
17.“Shallwecomparetheetoasummer’sday?
”ThisisthebeginninglineofoneofShakespeare’ssonnet.P118
18.Th
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