动词不定式用法小结Word文档格式.docx
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动词不定式用法小结Word文档格式.docx
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动词不定式(短语)可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语,能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有:
begin,start,want,forget,remember,show,learn,like,hate,love,ask等。
Iwanttotellyouastory.
我想给你讲个故事。
Theybegintoworkateighteverymorning.
他们每天早晨8点开始工作。
Don’tforgettolockthedoor.
别忘了锁门。
Wouldyouliketogoandhaveapicnicwithustomorrow?
明天和我们一起去野餐好吗?
*如果and连接两个动词不定式,第二个动词不定式一般省“to”例:
(1)Hewantstogoandhaveaswimwithus.
他想和我们一起去游泳。
(2)若作宾语的动词不定式(短语)很长,可用it作形式宾语。
IfinditinterestingtolearnEnglishwithyou.
我觉得和你一起学英语很有趣。
Hefoundithardtocatchupwithothers.
他觉得赶上别人很困难。
四.作宾语补足语。
例如:
TheteacheraskedustoreadEnglishforhalfanhourinthemorning.
老师让我们早晨读半小时英语。
TheteacheroftentellsJimnottospendtoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.
老师常告诉Jim不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏。
Pleaseletmehelpyou.
让我来帮助你。
动词不定式作宾语补足语,表示宾语所做的动作,可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:
tell,ask,want,like,invite,encourage,help等。
但在let,make,see,watch,hear,feel,notice,have等感官听觉动词或使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号“to”,可以归纳为以下三种句式:
1.不可以省to的不定式作宾语补足语:
tell/ask/want/wouldlike/wish/like/invite/encourage/teachsb.todosth.
例:
Theteachertoldustocomeearliertomorrow.
Iwantyoutogonow.
我想让你现在就走。
Herparentswishhertobeateacher.
她父母亲希望她当老师。
2.省“to”的不定式作宾语补足语:
Let/make/havesb.dosth.
Lettheboygooutnow.
让那个男孩出去。
Theboymadethebabycry.
男孩弄哭了这个小孩。
see/watch/hear/notice/feelsb.dosth.
Isawthestudentsplaybasketballontheplaygroundyesterday.
昨天我看见学生们在操场打篮球。
Ioftenhearthegirlsinginthenextroom.
我经常听到女孩在隔壁唱歌。
3.可省可不省的:
helpsb.(to)dosth.
Ioftenhelpmymother(to)dohousework.
我经常帮妈妈做家务。
*动词不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加not.例:
(1)Tellthemnottoplayfootballinthestreet.
告诉他们不要在街道上踢足球。
(2)省to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加not.例:
Lettheboynotgo.
让那个男孩别走。
(3)如果将主动语态变为被动语态时,作宾语补足语的动词不定式变为主语补足语,动词不定式则不省“to”,即原来省的再加上,例:
Thebabywasmadetocrybytheboy.
那个孩子被男孩弄哭了。
五.动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词,放于所修饰的词后,为后置定语。
Whowasthefirstonetoarrive?
谁第一个到的?
Shehasnopapertowriteon?
她没有纸写字?
ThebestwaytolearnEnglishistouseit.
学英语最好的方法是使用它。
Whenisthebesttimetoplantvegetables?
什么时候是种植蔬菜的最好时间?
Doyouhavesomethingtodrink?
你这有喝的吗?
*动词不定式(短语)作定语修饰名词时,与其所修饰的词具有一种动宾关系,如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词时,其后应加上一个含义上所需要的介词。
Ihavenochairtositon.
我没有椅子坐。
Hehasnohousetolivein.
他没有房子住。
六.动词不定式作目的状语:
动词不定式作目的状语常用在go,come,hurry等不及物动词后,表目的。
Hewenttoseehissisteryesterday.
他昨天去看妹妹了。
Theygotupearlytocatchtheearlybus.
他们早起去赶早班车。
有时可以把不定式(短语)提前,放于句首,表示强调目的。
ToearlyEnglishquicklyandwell,hewenttoEngland.
为了更快更好地学英语,他去了英国。
七.不定式和疑问词连用,可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语等。
Theproblemiswheretogetacomputer.(表语)
Nooneknowshowtodoit.
没有人知道如何做这件事。
(宾)
Ireallydon’tknowwhichonetochoose.(宾)
我真的不知道选哪一个。
Whenandwheretohavethepartyisnotknown.(主语)
何时何地举行联欢还不知道。
*不定式和疑问词连用作宾语时有时可以改为宾语从句。
Idon’tknowwhattodonext.
我不知下一步该做什么?
Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.
【模拟试题】
(答题时间:
30分钟)
一.选择填空:
1.Heaskedme________hereearlier.
A.come
B.tocome
C.coming
D.came
2.Pleasetellhim_______onthewall.
A.don’tdraw
B.tonotdraw
C.nottodraw
D.notdraw
3.Hewanted________acupoftea.
A.tohave
B.having
C.have
D.had
4.I’dlike________awordwithyou.
A.had
C.tohave
D.have
5.Icamehere_______myuncle.
A.saw
B.tosee
C.seeing
D.tobeseen
6.Themanrefused(拒绝)________backhiswords.
A.totake
B.taking
C.took
D.takes
7.Icanletyou________oneticket.
B.have
C.having
8.Weoftenheardhim_________inhisroom.
A.tosing
B.sings
C.sang
D.sing
9.Hewasmade________dayandnight.
A.work
B.working
C.towork
D.worked
10.Hestopped______alook,butsawnothing.
A.having
B.tohave
11.Myfatherwastooangry_________aword.
A.tosay
B.nottosay
C.tosaying
D.didn’tsay
12.Mybrotherwasoldenough________toschool.
A.went
B.goes
C.going
D.togo
13.Itistime________him________supper.
A.of,tohave
B.for,tohave
C.of,having
D.for,tohas
14.It’sverykind_______you______me.
A.of,tohelp
B.for,tohelp
C.of,help
D.of,helping
15.It’simportant_________ourclassroomcleaneveryday.
A.kept
B.tokeep
C.togive
D.keep
16.Beforeliberation(解放)theyhadnochance_______toschool.
B.go
C.togo
D.tobegone
17.Hesaidhehadanimportantmeeting________.
A.attend
B.wouldattend
C.attending
D.toattend
18.Pleasegivemeapieceofpaper________.
A.towrite
B.towriteon
C.writing
D.towriteit
19.Idon’tknow_______.
A.whatdo
B.whatwilldo
C.whattodo
D.dowhat
20.Yourradioneeds________.
A.toberepaired
B.torepair
C.repaired
D.torepairing
21.Mywishis________ateacher.
A.becoming
B.tobecome
C.become
D.became
22.Iwant________himaletternow.
B.notwrite
C.write
D.wrote
23.Ittookusthreedays_________thetrees.
A.plant
B.planted
C.toplant
D.plants
24.Whynot________here_______me?
A.tocome,tosee
B.come,tosee
C.came,seeing
D.come,see
25.Hewishesme______mybest_________hardatEnglish.
A.todo,towork
B.doing,working
C.todo,working
D.do,work
26.Pleasetellme________her.Ihavesomething_______her.
A.wheretofind,telling
B.wheretofind,totell
C.wherecanfind,totell
D.wherefinding,telling
27.Howhappytheyare______eachotheragain!
A.tosee
B.see
C.saw
D.beingseen
28.Theydecided(决心)_______aletter______theirthanks.
A.towrite,expressing(表达)
B.writing,express
C.write,expressed
D.towrite,toexpress
29.Theofficerordered(命令)him_______down_________arest.
A.lying,have
B.tolie,tohave
C.tolie,having
D.lie,had
30.Theheadmastercalledon(号召)us______hardforourcountry.
A.towork
B.worked
C.work
D.toworking
二.根据上句意思完成下句,使两句意思相近或相同,每空一词。
1.Hewassoangrythathecouldn’tsayanything.
Hewastooangry_____________anything.
2.Idon’tknowwhenwewillhavethemeeting.
Idon’tknowwhen______________themeeting.
3.Hesaidhewouldwritealetter.
Hesaidhewouldhavealetter_____________.
4.ThatyoureadEnglishinthemorningisveryimportant.
Itisveryimportant_____you____________Englishinthemorning.
5.Hewassostrongthathecouldliftthestone.(石头)
Hewasstrong________________thestone.
6.HisfatherwenttoBeijingforhisholiday.
HisfatherwenttoBeijing______________hisholiday.
7.Theygotupearlysothattheycouldgetthereintime.
Theygotupearly________________________thereintime.
8.Hisbrotherdecidedthathewouldbuythebook.
Hisbrotherdecided____________thebook.
9.HehopesthathecanvisittheGreatWall.
Hehopes____________theGreatWall.
10.Isawhimgointotheroom.
Hewasseen___________intotheroom.
11.Wemadehimworkfivehoursaday.
Hewasmade___________fivehoursaday.
12.Doyouwanttosayanythingforyourself?
Doyouhaveanything__________foryourself?
13.Wedon’tknowwhatweshalldonext.
Wedon’tknowwhat___________next.
14.I’mverysorryonhearingthebadnews.
I’mverysorry____________thebadnews.
15.Hestoppedandhadalookatme.
Hestopped___________alookatme.
16.IhelpedhimwithhisEnglish.
Ihelped
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