超觉英语英语诵读与语法训练手册.docx
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超觉英语英语诵读与语法训练手册.docx
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超觉英语英语诵读与语法训练手册
1.
2.
第二课职称英语的动词各种时态与阅读判断
一、动词时态的基本形式
1.一般现在时:
Itiscloudytoday.
Themoonmovesaroundtheearth
2.现在进行时:
Iamworking.
Howareyoufeelingtoday?
3.一般过去时:
Whendidsheleave?
Iwasn'tinlastnight.
4.现在完成时:
Howmanypageshaveyoucoveredtoday?
I'veneverheardofanythinglikethat.
5.一般将来时:
I'llcomeunlessitrains.
Whoisgoingtospeakfirst?
6.过去进行时:
Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight?
Wewerepickingcottonwhentheyarrived.
7.将来进行时:
I'llbeseeingyoutomorrow.
8.过去将来进行时:
HeaskedmewhatIwouldbedoingateightthenextevening.
9.过去将来时:
Hepromisedhewouldcomeontime.
Theyweresuretheywouldwinfinalvictory.
10.过去完成时:
Theplayhadalreadystartedwhenwegottothetheatre.
Theyfulfilledtheplanearlierthantheyhadexpected.
11.将来完成时:
Howmanywordsshallwehavelearnedbytheendoftheterm?
12.过去将来完成时:
Hesaidhewouldhavefinishedreadingthebookbynextweek.
13.现在完成进行时:
Howlonghasitbeenraining?
I'vebeensittinghereallafternoon.
14.过去完成进行时:
Atlasttheygotthetelegramtheyhadbeenexpecting.
15.将来完成进行时:
Bynextsummer,hewillhavebeenworkingherefortwentyyears.
16.过去将来完成进行时:
Hesaidthatthestudentswouldhavebeenstudyinghereforthreeyearsbynextmonth.
练习:
例1.
(1)Since1939,numerousstudieshavebeenconductedtodeterminewhethersmokingisahealthhazard.
(2)Thetrendoftheevidencehasbeenconsistentandindicatesthatthereisaserioushealthrisk.(3)Researchteamshaveconductedstudiesthatshowbeyondallreasonabledoubtthattobaccosmokingisassociatedwithashortenedlifeexpectancy.
(4)Cigarettesmokingisbelievedbymostresearchworkersinthisfieldtobeanimportantfactorinthedevelopmentofcancerofthelungsandcancerofthethroatandisbelievedtoberelatedtocancerofsomeotherorgansofthebody.(5)Malecigarettesmokershaveahigherdeathratefromheartdiseasethannon-smokingmales.(6)Femalesmokersarethoughttobelessaffectedbecausetheydonotbreatheinthesmokesodeeply.(7)Apartfromstatistics,itmightbehelpfultolookatwhatsmokingtobaccodoestothehumanbody.(8)Smokeisamixtureofgases,vaporizedchemicals,minuteparticlesofashandothersolids.(9)Thereisalsonicotine,whichispowerfulpoison,andblacktar.(10)Assmokeisbreathedin,allthosecomponentsformdepositsonthemembranesofthelungs.(11)Onepointofconcentrationiswheretheairtubeandbronchusdivides.(12)Mostlungcancerbeginsatthispoint.
(13)Filtersandlowtartobacco2areclaimedtomakesmokingtosomeextentsafer,buttheycanonlyslightlyreduce,noteliminatethehazards.(Smoking)
结论:
1.第1句2句3句现在完成时、第4句5句6句7句8句9句10句11句12句13句一般现在时、第7句过去将来时。
2.一般现在:
对文章的概括总结,对规律的表述
二、阅读判断
(一)题型介绍:
该部分为一篇300-450词左右的短文,题目是七个陈述句(statement)。
要求考生阅读原文,并根据原文所给的信息,判断每个陈述句是对(right)、错(wron9),还是未提及(notmentioned)。
(二)考查目标:
该部分主要考查应试者识别和判断信息的能力。
(三)解题步骤:
1、信息定位:
以题目中的关键词为线索,确定题目在原文中所处的段落;快速阅读该段落,找出段落中与题目相关的一句话或几句话。
关键词包括:
1)名词、名词短语
2)专有名词
3)形容词或副词
4)数字
5)比较或因果语言现象
2、对比判断:
确定题目在原文中的位置后,将段落中相关的一句话或几句话与题目比较、判断,确定正确答案。
判断依据
Right:
1)题目是原文的同义表达
2)题目是根据原文中的几句话推断或归纳而成。
Wrong:
题目与原文不符。
包括:
关键词不符
肯定、否定不符
数字计算/理解/表达错误
指代错误
理解错误
时间错误
整句意思不符
使用了表示不同原因,条件和程度的状语
使用了表示不同频率,范围,可能性的词如:
must,all,always
Notmentioned:
题目中有些内容在原文中未提到。
(四)须注意的几点:
1)题目的判断应依据原文,不可凭借自己的知识来确定答案。
2)比较和判断应基于对原文的理解上,而不是单词与单词能对应上。
3)通常,题目/顷序与文章展开的顺序一致。
(五)例题讲解:
Right:
1)题目是原文的同义表达
2)题目是根据原文中的几句话推断或归纳而成
例1.Since1939,numerousstudieshavebeenconductedtodeterminewhethersmokingisahealthhazard.Thetrendoftheevidencehasbeenconsistentandindicatesthatthereisaserioushealthrisk.Researchteamshaveconductedstudiesthatshowbeyondallreasonabledoubtthattobaccosmokingisassociatedwithashortenedlifeexpectancy.
Cigarettesmokingisbelievedbymostresearchworkersinthisfieldtobeanimportantfactorinthedevelopmentofcancerofthelungsandcancerofthethroatandisbelievedtoberelatedtocancerofsomeotherorgansofthebody.Malecigarettesmokershaveahigherdeathratefromheartdiseasethannon-smokingmales.Femalesmokersarethoughttobelessaffectedbecausetheydonotbreatheinthesmokesodeeply.Apartfromstatistics,itmightbehelpfultolookatwhatsmokingtobaccodoestothehumanbody.Smokeisamixtureofgases,vaporizedchemicals,minuteparticlesofashandothersolids.Thereisalsonicotine,whichispowerfulpoison,andblacktar.Assmokeisbreathedin,allthosecomponentsformdepositsonthemembranesofthelungs.Onepointofconcentrationiswheretheairtubeandbronchusdivides. Mostlungcancerbeginsatthispoint.
Filtersandlowtartobacco2areclaimedtomakesmokingtosomeextentsafer,buttheycanonlyslightlyreduce,noteliminatethehazards.(Smoking)
判断:
1.Smokingreducesone'slifeexpectancy.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
2.Smokingmayinducelungcancer.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
3.Nicotineispoisonous.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
例2.Sureenough,GaussianfoundthattheaveragebirthweightofbabiesinLaPazwas
significantlylowerthaninSantaCruz.ThiswastrueinbothhighandIowa-incomefamilies.Even babiesboomtopoorfamiliesinSantaCruzwereheavieronaveragethanbabiesborntowealthyfamiliesinloftyLaPaz."Wewereverysurprisedbythisresult,"saysGaussian.
Theresultssuggestthatbabiesbamathighaltitudearedeprivedofoxygen2beforebirth. "Thismaytriggerthereleaseorsuppressionofhormonesthatregulategrowthoftheunborn child?
saysGaussian.(DangersAwaitBabieswithAltitude)
判断:
1.Grissinididnotexpecttofindthattheweightofababyhadlittletodowiththe financialconditionsofthefamilyhewasborninto.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
2.Theweightofanewbornhastodowiththesupplyofoxygenevenwhenhewasstill inhismother'swomb.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
例3.Everwonderedwhywehavefivefingers,notsixorseven?
Bystudyingmicewithextra digits,aBritishresearcherthinkshehasfoundtheanswer.Ifanimalsgrowmorethanfivedigits, hesays,theirotherlimbbonesgetdistortedtosuchanextentthattheycan'twalkorrunproperly, dramaticallyaffectingtheirabilitytocatchpreyandfleefrompredators.(FiveIstheMagic Number)
判断:
1.Theresearcher,ChrisHayes,believesthatextradigitscanseriouslyaffectanimals' opportunityofsurvival.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
例4.Butanimalscaneasilycopewithfewerdigits,itseems.Hoofedanimalssuchashorses essentiallywalkonthetipofafingerthathasbeencoveredwithahoofinthecourseofevolution, saysHayes,whonowworksatMerckSharp&Dohmer'sNeuro-scienceResearchCentrein Harlow,Essex."Soyoucandecreasedigitnumberandstillincreaseevolutionaryadvantage,"he says.
Hebelievesthatifthereverseweretrue,3animalswithmorethanfivedigitswouldbe abundantinnature.Forexample,thepandahasfivedigitsoneachpawplusanextrapadonits wristforsteadyingbambooshootsasiteats.Why,Hayesasks,didn'tthepandasimplydevelopa coupleofextradigitstoholdthebamboo?
"Theremustbesomereasonwhythatanimalwouldnot haveprosperedwithmorethanfivedigits,"hesays.(FiveIstheMagicNumber)
判断:
1.Animalscangraduallyadapttofewerdigitsthanfiveinthecourseofevolution.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
2.Hayesisnotyetabletoexplainwhythepandahasfivedigitsplusapadinsteadof havingsixdigitsonitspaw.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
Wrong:
题目与原文不符。
包括:
关键词不符
肯定、否定不符
数字计算/理解/表达错误
指代错误
理解错误
时间错误
比较对象错误
整句意思不符
使用了不同的原因、条件、程度状语
使用了表示不同频率,范围,可能性的词如:
must,all,always
例1:
TheArcticisapolarregion.ItsurroundstheNorthPole.
LikeAntarctica,theArcticisalandoficeandsnow.Antarcticaholdstherecordforalow temperaturereading....125degreesFahrenheitbelowzero.Readingsof85degreesbelowzero arecommoninboththeArcticandAntarctica.Wintertemperaturesaverage30degreesbelowzero intheArctic.AttheSouthPolethewinteraverageisabout73degreesbelowzero.(TheCold Place)
判断:
1.Wintertemperaturesaverage85degreesbelowzeroinAntarctica.
A.RightB.WrongC.NotMentioned
例2.Asmanyas20%ofallchildrenintheUnitedStatessufferfromsomeformofthelearning disordercalleddyslexia.(Dyslexia)
判断:
1oOneoffiveAmericanchildrensuffersfromdyslexia.
A.RightB.WrongC.NotMentioned
例3:
Itisverydifficulttosayjustwhencolonizationbegan.Thefirsthundredyearsafter ChristopherColumbus'sjourneyofdiscoveryin14921didnotproduceanysettlementonthe NorthAmericacontinentbutrathersomeSpanishtradingpostsfurthersouthern,agreatinterestin itoriginallyfromGenoabutacitizenofVenice,wasestablishedasatraderinBristor,England, whenhemadeajourneyin1497.Buthisship,theMatthew,withitscrewofeighteen,didnomorethanseeanisland5(probablyofftheNewEnglandcoast)andreturnhome.HeandhissonmadefurthervoyagesacrossthenorthAtlanticwhichenabledtheEnglishcrowntoclaima"legal"titletoNorthAmerica6.ButforalongtimeafterwardstheEuropeans'interestinAmericawasmainlyconfinedtotheSpanishactivitiesfurthersouth.(TheFirstSettlementinNorthAmerica)
判断:
1.TherewereeighteenpeopleonboardtheMatthewduringitsvoyagetoNorthAmericain1497.
B.WrongC.Notmentioned
thatcolonizationbeganattheendofthe
B.WrongC.Notmentioned
例4:
Cigarettesmokingisbelievedbymostresearchworkersinthisfieldtobeanimportantfactorinthedevelopmentofcancerofthelungsandcancerofthethroatandisbelievedtoberelatedto
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