英语四级答案Word文件下载.docx
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英语四级答案Word文件下载.docx
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howshouldparentshelpchildrentobeindependent?
注意:
此部分试题在答题卡1上partiireadingcomprehension(skimmingandscanning)(15minutes)
directions:
inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthe
questionsonanswersheet1.forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefour
choicesmarkeda),b),c)andd).forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththe
informationgiveninthepassage.
agrassrootsremedy
mostofusspendourlivesseekingthenaturalworld.tothisend,wewalkthedog,playgolf,gofishing,sitinthegarden,drinkoutsideratherthaninsidethepub,haveapicnic,liveinthesuburbs,gototheseaside,buyaweekendplaceinthecountry.themostpopularleisureactivityinbritainisgoingforawalk.andwhenjoggers(慢跑者)jog,theydon’trunthestreets.everyoneoftheminstinctivelyheadstotheparkortheriver.itismyprofoundbeliefthatnotonlydoweallneednature,butweallseeknature,whetherweknowwearedoingsoornot.
butdespitethis,ourchildrenaregrowingupnature-deprived(丧失).ispentmyboyhoodclimbingtreesonstreathamcommon,southlondon.thesedays,childrenarerobbedoftheseancientfreedoms,duetoproblemslikecrime,traffic,thelossoftheopenspacesandoddnewperceptionsaboutwhatisbestforchildren,thatistosay,thingsthatcanbebought,ratherthanthingsthatcanbefound.
thetruthistobefoundelsewhere.astudyintheus:
familieshadmovedtobetterhousingandthechildrenwereassessedforadhd—attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder(多动症).thosewhoseaccommodationhadmorenaturalviewsshowedanimprovementof19%;
thosewhohadthesameimprovementinmaterialsurroundingsbutnoniceviewimprovedjust4%.
astudyinswedenindicatedthatkindergartenchildrenwhocouldplayinanaturalenvironmenthadlessillnessandgreaterphysicalabilitythanchildrenusedonlytoanormalplayground.ausstudysuggestedthatwhenaschoolgavechildrenaccesstoanaturalenvironment,academiclevelswereraisedacrosstheentireschool.
anotherstudyfoundthatchildrenplaydifferentlyinanaturalenvironment.inplaygrounds,childrencreateahierarchy(等级)basedonphysicalabilities,withthetoughonestakingthelead.butwhenagrassyareawasplantedwithbushes,thechildrengotmuchmoreintofantasyplay,andthesocialhierarchywasnowbasedonimaginationandcreativity.
mostbullying(恃强凌弱)isfoundinschoolswherethereisatarmac(柏油碎石)playground;
theleastbullyingisinanaturalareathatthechildrenareencouragedtoexplore.thisremindsmeunpleasantlyofsunnyhillschoolinstreatham,withitsharshtarmac,whereiusedtohangaboutin
cornersfantasisingaboutwildlife.
butchildrenarefrequentlydiscouragedfrominvolvementwithnaturalspaces,forhealthandsafetyreasons,forfearthattheymightgetdirtyorthattheymightcausedamage.so,instead,thedamageisdonetothechildrenthemselves:
nottotheirbodiesbuttotheirsouls.
oneofthegreatproblemsofmodernchildhoodisadhd,nowincreasinglyandexpensivelytreatedwithdrugs.yetonestudyafteranotherindicatesthatcontactwithnaturegiveshugebenefitstoadhdchildren.however,wespendmoneyondrugsratherthanongreenplaces.
thelifeofoldpeopleismeasurablybetterwhentheyhaveaccesstonature.theincreasingemphasisforthegrowingpopulationofoldpeopleisinqualityratherthanquantityofyears.andstudyafterstudyfindsthatagardenisthesinglemostimportantthinginfindingthatquality.
inwiderandmoredifficultareasoflife,thereisevidencetoindicatethatnaturalsurroundingsimproveallkindsofthings.evenproblemswithcrimeandaggressivebehaviourarereducedwhenthereiscontactwiththenaturalworld.
drwilliambird,researcherfromtheroyalsocietyfortheprotectionofbirds,statesinhisstudy,“anaturalenvironmentcanreduceviolentbehaviourbecauseitsrestorativeprocesshelpsreduceangerandimpulsivebehaviour.”wildplacesneedencouragingforthisreason,nomatterhowsmalltheircontribution.
wetendtolookonnatureconservationassomekindoffavourthathumanbeingsaregrantingtothenaturalworld.theerrorhereisfartoodeep:
notonlydohumansneednatureforthemselves,buttheveryideathathumanityandthenaturalworldareseparablethingsisprofoundlydamaging.
humanbeingsareaspeciesofmammals(哺乳动物).forsevenmillionyearstheylivedontheplanetaspartofnature.ourancestralselvesmissthenaturalworldandlongforcontactwithnon-humanlife.anyonewhohaspattedadog,strokedacat,satunderatreewithapintofbeer,givenorreceivedabunchofflowersorchosentowalkthroughtheparkonaniceday,understandsthat.
weneedthewildworld.itisessentialtoourwell-being,ourhealth,ourhappiness.withoutthewildworldwearenotmorebutlesscivilised.withoutotherlivingthingsarounduswearelessthanhuman.
fivewaystofindharmonywiththenaturalworld
walk:
breaktherhythmofpermanentlybeingunderaroof.getoffastopearlier,makeacircuitoftheparkatlunchtime,walkthechildtoandfromschool,getadog,feelyourselfmovinginmovingair,look,listen,absorb.
sit:
takeamoment,everynowandthen,tobestillinanopenspace.inthegarden,anywherethat’snotintheoffice,anywhereoutofthehouse,awayfromtheroutine.situnderatree,lookatwater,feelrefreshed,eversoslightlyrenewed.
drink:
thebestwaytoenjoythenaturalworldisbyyourself;
thesecondbestwayisincompany.takeadrinkoutsidewithagoodperson,agoodgathering:
talkwiththesunandthewindwithbirdsongforbackground.
learn:
expandyourboundaries.learnfivespeciesofbird,fivebutterflies,fivetrees,fivebirdsongs.thatway,youseeandhearmore:
andyourmindrespondsgratefullytothegreateramountofwildnessinyourlife.
travel:
theplacesyoualwayswantedtovisit:
bytheseaside,inthecountry,inthehills.takeaweekendbreak,aday-trip,getoutthereanddoit:
forthescenery,forthewaythroughthewoods,forthebirds,forthebees.gosomewherespecialandbringspecialnesshome.itlastsforever,afterall.
此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1.whatistheauthor’sprofoundbelief?
[a]peopleinstinctivelyseeknatureindifferentways.
[b]peopleshouldspendmostoftheirlivesinthewild.
[c]peoplehavequitedifferentperceptionsofnature.
[d]peoplemustmakemoreeffortstostudynature.
2.whatdoestheauthorsaypeoplepreferfortheirchildrennowadays?
[a]personalfreedom.
[b]thingsthatarenatural.
[c]urbansurroundings.
[d]thingsthatarepurchased.
3.whatdoesastudyinswedenshow?
[a]thenaturalenvironmentcanhelpchildrenlearnbetter.
[b]moreaccesstonaturemakeschildrenlesslikelytofallill.
[c]agoodplaygroundhelpskidsdeveloptheirphysicalabilities.
[d]naturalviewscanpreventchildrenfromdevelopingadhd.
4.childrenwhohavechancestoexplorenaturalareas________.
[a]tendtodevelopastrongloveforscience
[b]aremorelikelytofantasiseaboutwildlife
[c]tendtobephysicallytougherinadulthood
[d]arelesslikelytobeinvolvedinbullying
5.whatdoestheauthorsuggestwedotohelpchildrenwithadhd?
[a]findmoreeffectivedrugsforthem.
[b]providemoregreenspacesforthem.
[c]placethemundermorepersonalcare.
[d]engagetheminmoremeaningfulactivities.
6.inwhatwaydoelderlypeoplebenefitfromtheircontactwithnature?
[a]theylookonlifeoptimistically.[c]theyareabletolivelonger.
[b]theyenjoyalifeofbetterquality.[d]theybecomegood-humoured.
7.drwilliambirdsuggestsinhisstudythat________.
[a]humanityandnaturearecomplementarytoeachother
[b]wildplacesmayinduceimpulsivebehaviourinpeople
[c]accesstonaturecontributestothereductionofviolence
[d]ittakesalongtimetorestorenatureoncedamaged
8.itisextremelyharmfultothinkthathumanityandthenaturalworldcanbe______________
9.theauthorbelievesthatwewouldnotbesocivilisedwithout____________________
10.thefivesuggestionstheauthorgivesattheendofthepassagearemeanttoencouragepeopletoseek_________________withthenaturalworld.
partiiilisteningcomprehension(35minutes)
sectiona
inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked[a],[b],[c]and[d],anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronanswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre
注意:
此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
11.[a]themanshouldvisitthemuseums.[c]thebeachresortisagoodchoice.
[b]shecan’tstandthehotweather.[d]sheenjoysstayinginwashington.
12.[a]hernewresponsibilitiesinthecompany.
[b]whatherjobprospectsare.
[c]whatthecustomers’feedbackis.
[d]thedirector’sopinionofherwork
13.[a]combinehertrainingwithdieting.
[b]repeatthetrainingeverythreedays.
[c]avoidexcessivephysicaltraining.
[d]includeweightliftingintheprogram.
14.[a]whenshewillreturnhome.
[b]whethershecangobyherself.
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