一般疑问句、否定句、特殊疑问句的改法.doc
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一般疑问句、否定句、特殊疑问句的改法.doc
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简易英语语法
动词的分类
Be动词:
is,am,are,was,were
助动词:
do,does,did,has,have,had
动词情态动词:
can,must,may,should,等
实义动词:
run,eat,play,like,等等。
陈述句改为一般疑问句的改法:
一般疑问句:
以be动词、助动词、情态动词为句首,句末有问号(?
)的句子。
例如:
Issheadoctor.她是一名医生吗?
Hasshegotanygrapes?
她有些葡萄吗?
(这里的has是助动词,got(get的原形)是有的意思。
Canyoufly?
你会飞吗?
当句子中的谓语只有实义动词,没有be动词、助动词、情态动词的时候,句子变一般疑问句时要加do、does、did(do、dose的过去式)其中之一。
如:
Thefoxlikesgrapes.句子的谓语没有be动词、助动词、情态动词,只有likes,like是实义动词,因此,句首要加助动词;又因为thefox是第三人称单数,句首的助动词就用does.句子的就变成Doesthefoxlikegrapes?
注意原来likes中的s,要删除。
一般疑问句主语和be动词、助动词、情态动词倒装。
没有这三类词时要加助动词。
如:
Sheisadoctor.Sheusuallygoestoschoolatseven.
Issheadoctor?
Doessheusuallygotoschoolatseven?
记住:
实义动词始终在主语的后面。
注意:
述句(句子后面只有句号的句子)给成一般疑问句时,一般情况下,还要把第一人称I、we、my、our改成you、your,把some变成any。
如:
Ihavegotsomeapples.Iammakingmyaeroplane.
变成:
Haveyougotanyapples?
Areyoumakingyouraeroplane?
WearewatchingTV.变成:
AreyouwatchingTV?
还要注意:
如果has、have、had、do、does、did后面是名词时,has、have就不是助动词了,他们是实义动词。
改一般疑问时不能提前(一般情况下,所有实义动词都不能提到主语前面),要根据时态加助动词do、does、did。
如:
Shehasbreakfasteveryday.
Doesshehavebreakfasteveryday?
练习,把下列的句子改成一般疑问句。
1.HisfatherisanEnglishteacher.
2.Thesecatsarecrying.
3.Theycanswim.
4.IliketoreadEnglish.
5.Igotoschoolonfoot.
6.HelikesEnglish.
7.Hisfathergoestoworkbybus.
8.Heiscryingunderthetree.
9.HisbirthdayisonthetwentiethofNovember.
10.Mrs.LiandKittyareinabigshop.
11.Kittyiswearinghernewuniform.
12.Theboyunderthetreeishungry.
13.Hegoestoschooleveryday.
14.Iwanttohaveamodelcar.
15.Shewantsacupofcoffee.
16.Mrs.LiandKittywatchtelevisionatnight.
17.Idomyhomeworkafterschool.
18.Ihavegotsomegrapes.
19.Tom’sgotabird.
20.KittyandTomhavegotadog.
21.Ihavebreakfast(早饭)everymorning.
22.Theydotheirhomeworkafterschool(放学).
答案:
1.IshisfatheranEnglishteacher?
2.Arethesecatscrying?
3.Cantheyswim?
4.DoyouliketoreadEnglish?
5.Doyougotoschoolonfoot?
6.DoeshelikeEnglish?
7.Doeshisfathergotoworkbybus?
8.Ishecryingunderthetree?
9.IshisbirthdayonthetwentiethofNovember?
10.ArMrs.LiandKittyinabigshop?
11.IsKittywearinghernewuniform?
12.Istheboyunderthetreehungry?
13.Doeshegotoschooleveryday?
14.Doyouwanttohaveamodelcar?
15.Doesshewantacupofcoffee?
16.DoMrs.LiandKittywatchtelevisionatnight?
17.Doyoudoyourhomeworkafterschool?
18.Haveyougotanygrapes?
19.Hasyougotabird?
20.HaveKittyandTomgotadog?
21.Doyouhavebreakfasteverymorning?
这里的have是吃的意思。
22.Dotheydotheirhomeworkafterschool?
dotheirhomework中的do是做的意思。
否定句的改法
首先要认清“否”就是“不”的意思,在英语中就是not或not的省略形式n’t。
否定句是在be动词、助动词、情态动词后加not或not的缩略形式n’t。
人称不变化。
实义动词不能直接加否定词,须加助动词doesn’t(第三人称单数)、don’t、didn’t。
例如:
IamEnglishteacher.改成:
Iamnot(aren’t也可以)Englishteacher.
Shehasgotsomeapples.改成:
Shehasn’t(hasnot也可以)gotanyapples.
注意:
一些否定词hardly(几乎不)few(很少可数)little(很少不可数)nothing(没有)none(没有人或物)等也是否定词。
含有此类否定词的句子也是否定句。
amnot的否定缩略形式是aren’t
如:
Suyangoftenplaysfootball.可以改成:
Suyangdoesn'tplayfootball(atall).
Suyangseldomplaysfootball.
Suyangneverplaysfootball.
Some改成否定句一般也要改成any。
练习,将下列句子改为否定句。
1.HisfatherisanEnglishteacher.
2.Thesecatsarecrying.
3.Theycanswim.
4.IliketoreadEnglish.
5.Igotoschoolonfoot.
6.HelikesEnglish.
7.Mrs.LiandKittywatchtelevisionatnight.
8.Idomyhomeworkafterschool.
9.Ihavegotsomegrapes.
10.Tom’sgotabird.
11.Ihavebreakfast(早饭)everymorning.
12.Theydotheirhomeworkafterschool(放学).
13.Kittyoftengoestothecinema(去看电影).
答案:
1.Hisfatherisn’tanEnglishteacher./isnot
2.Thesecatsaren’tcrying./arenot
3.Theycan’tswim./cannot/cannot
4.Idon’tliketoreadEnglish./donot
5.Idon’tgotoschoolonfoot./donot
6.Hedoesn’tlikeEnglish./doesnot
7.Mrs.LiandKittydon’twatchtelevisionatnight./donot
8.Idon’tdomyhomeworkafterschool./donot
9.Ihaven’tgotsomegrapes./havenot
10.Tomhasn’tgotabird./hasnot
11.Idon’thavebreakfasteverymorning./donot
12.Theydon’tdotheirhomeworkafterschool./donot
13.Kittyseldomgoestothecinema./never/does…atall
特殊疑问句的改法:
特殊疑问句是以特殊疑问词为句首,句末有问号的句子。
特殊疑问词包括what(什么)、when(什么时候)、who(谁)、which(哪个)、where(在哪里)和how(怎么)基本疑问词(5w,1h),和多种由基本疑问词变化的疑问词。
如由what变化的的whattime(时间点)、whatday(星期几)、whatkind(什么种类)、whatcolor(什么颜色)、whatshape(什么形状)、whatlength(什么长度)等。
由who变化的whose(谁的)、whom(谁,宾格)。
由which变化的whichbook(哪个苹果)、whichpens(那支笔)等。
由how变化的howlong(多长时间)、howsoon(多快,时间的快,多用在将来时态)、howoften(多久几次)、howold(多大,年龄大小)、howfar(多远,距离)、howmany/much(多少数量,many+复数,much+不可数)等。
注意:
特殊疑问句和一般疑问句一样,一般情况下要有倒装。
如:
Iamreading.
Whatareyoudoing?
但如果对主语的提问,则主语谓语不倒装。
如:
Kittylikesgrapes.
Wholikesgrapes?
What是对名词的提问。
What’syournam?
I’mTom.
Whatareyoudoing?
I’mreading.
Whatdayistoday?
ItisTuesday.
Whatcoloristheball?
Theballisred.
Whatkindistheanimal(动物)?
Theanimalisafish.
Whatshapeisthesweet?
Thesweetissquare.
Whatlengthisthestring?
Thestringis3centimeters.
Who对谁或身份提问,以便进一步搞清情况。
Whoisyourmother?
Thewomaninredismymother.
WhoistheboybesideMissFang?
HeisKitty’sbrother.
Whosepensarethese?
TheyareBen’spen.
Whom(who)doyoulike?
Ilikemygrandfatherbest.
Which对选择具体单位提问。
Whichdoyoulikebest?
Iliketheredpen.
Whichbookisyours.Theyellowbookismine.
WhichpensisKitty’s.TheyellowpenisKitty’s
How对方式、程度、状况等提问。
Howareyou?
I’mfine.
HowwillyougotoShanghai?
IwillgotoShanghaibytrain.
HowlonghasyourfatherlivedinBeijing?
HehaslivedinBeijngforthreeyears.
Howsoonwillyourfathercomeback?
Hewillcomebackinfiveminutes.
Howoldisyourbrother?
Mybrotherissixyearsold.
Howfarisyourschool?
Myschoolis3milesawayfrommyhome.
Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?
Thereare60studentsinourclass.
Howmuchisthepineapple?
Thepineappleis5yuan.
练习,对划线部分提问。
一.划线提问:
1.Wehavesixclassesinaday.
2.Weplayhockeyonthefield.
3.TheycanwatchTVathome.
4.Weplaytheviolinafterschool.
5.Therearethreegirlsintheroom.
6.Icanbuyshoesinashop.
7.Wecangototheparknextweek.
8.Thewatchisseventy-twoyuan.
9.Ilikesciencefieldtripverymuch.
10.Theydoexercisesatten.
11.Myfoothurts.
12.TheAnimalHospitalisoverthere.
13.Icanmakeapaperplane.
14.That’saduckinEnglish.
答案:
1. Howmanyclassesdoyouhaveinaday?
2. Wheredoyouplayhockey?
3. WherecantheywatchTV?
4. Whatdoyoudoafterschool?
5. Howmanygirlsarethereintheroom?
6. Wherecanyoubuyshoes?
7. Whatcanyoudonextweek?
8. Howmuchisthewatch?
9. Howdoyoulikesciencefieldtrip?
10. Whatdotheydoatten?
11. What’swrongwithyourfoot?
12.WhereistheAnimalHospital?
13. Whatcanyoumake?
14. What’sthatinEnglish?
1Thatisabike.
2MynameisLiPing.
3SheisRose.
4Mypenisinthebag.
5Jimisateacher.
6WeiHuaismysister.
7Thebagisfourdollars.
8It’ssixo’clock.
9MybirthdayisNovember11th.
10Heistwelve.
11Thebikeisblack.
12He'sfine.
13HelikesLiPing.
14Hewilllivewithhisgrandmothernextweek.
19Igotoschoolbybike.
20Sheispreparingforanexamnow.
21Thepenisred.
22Theboyinredismybrother.
23ItisTuesday.
24ItisSeptember21.
25Theweatherwasfineyesterday.
26Thepenistwodollars.
27Sheisbeautiful.
29MissWangisourEnglishteacher.
35I’minRow1.
36HeisNumber2.
37Twoplustwoisfour.
38It’saboutEnglishfood.
40Helikessummerbest.
41Thisbookismine.
42Thisismybook.
43Mybookisonthedesk.
44Theredcarismine.
45Twopensareonthedesk.
46Thereisalittlewaterinthecup.
47ThisisLiPing’sbook.
48Thebookisinthebag.
49Hewillbebackinanhour.
50Thereisabookinthebag.
51Heeatsanapple.
53Heiseatinganapple.
55Hewilleatanapple.
56Sheisgoingtodoherhomework.
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