初中常用英语词根词缀.doc
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初中常用英语词根词缀.doc
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一、常见的词根
1.able,abil=able能够
ability,able,disable,enable
2.Act=do做
Actor,actress,activity,action,active,actual,actually,exact,react,
3.Ag=do,做
Agent,agency
4.Art=art艺术
Art,article,artist,
5.Astro,aster=star星星
Astronomy,astronaut,disaster,
6.Ball,bol=fight打架
Ballroom,balloon,symbol
7.Base=base基础
Baseball,
8.Bell,bel=war,fight战争
Rebel,
9.Cas,cid=fall落下
Casual,casually,occasion,accident,
10.cept,ceive,cip,cup=hold抓住
accept,except,receive,receipt,principal,
11.cap=head头
Captain,capital,
12.Cycle,circle=circle圈
Bicycle,recycle,circus,
13.Dic=write写
Diction,prediction,
14.Doub=double双
Double,doubt
15.Duct,duc=say说
Educate,education,reduce,conduct,
16.Fall,fail,fault=err错误
17.Fer=catch捉住
Offer,infer,different,difference,prefer,suffer,
18.Flu=flow流动
Fluent,fluency,influence,
19.Fore,fort=strong
Force,forceful,effort,comfortable,discomfortable
20.Form=shape形状
Formal,inform,information,reform,transform,uniform,perform,performance,
21.Frig,friger=cold冷
Refrigerator
22.Fus,=pour倒
Confuse,confusion,refuse,
23.Gest,gister=carry,bring搬运
Suggest,suggestion,
24.Grad=step,grade阶段
Grade,graduate,gradual,centigrade,
25.Graph,gram=write,写
Photograph,telegraph,program,diagram
26.grat,gree=pleasing,满意
Gratitude,grateful,grace,agreement,disagree,
27.Gress=go,walk走
Progress,
28.Habit=dowell做
Habit,
29.Hap=chance机会
Perhaps,happen,happy,happiness,
30.Lect,lig=choose,gather,收集
Collect,collection,elect,neglect,select,
31.Long=leng长度
Belong,length,
32.Man,manu=hand手
Manage,manager,maintain,
33.Mark=sigh,标记
Marked,remark,landmark,bookmark,
34.Memor=memory记忆
Memory,memorize,remember,
35.Ment=mind介意,想法
mention,comment,remind
36.Miss,mit=send,cast投送
Dismiss,promise,
37.Mod=mode,manner举止
Modest,model,modern
38.Neg=deny否定
Neglect,negative,
39.Part,port=part,divide,分割
Apartment,depart,department,partner,
40.Pass=passthrough通过
Passage,passenger,passport,
41.Pend,pens=hang悬挂
Depend,independent,spend,
42.Per=try尝试
Experiment,experience,
43.Plat=flat平坦
Plate,platform,
44.Fly=fold折叠
Apply,reply,supply,
45.Point,punct=point,makesharp,尖,尖端
pointed,pointer,appoint,appointment,disappoint,
46.Police=state,city城市,地区,国家
Police,policy,politics,
47.Popul,publ=people人们
Population,popular,public,publish,
48.Port=carry运送
export,support,transport,
49.Press=press按压
Pressure,compress,express,expression,impressive,
50.Prim=first,chief,第一,主要
Primary,primer,
51.Pris,=take拿取
Surprise,
52.Quest,quir,quis,quer=seek,search,搜索
Quest,inquest,question,request,conquer,
53.Quiet,qui=still安静
Quiet,quietly,quickly
54.Quit=free自由
Quit,
55.Sal=salt盐
Salt,salty,salad,salary,
56.Sci=know知道
Science,scientist,scientific,
57.Sence,sent=feel感觉
Sense,sensible,nonsense,
58.Serv=serve,keep保持
Service,servant,deserve,observe,
59.Sid=sit,坐
President,consider,
60.Sigh=mark,标记
Signal,assign,assignment,design,
61.Sist-stand站立
Assist,assistant,consist,exist,
62.Sum,summ=addup添加
Sum,summit,summary,summarize,
63.Tele=far远的
Telegraph,telephone,television,
二.常见的前缀
1.表示否定意义的前缀
1)纯否定前缀
dis-,dishonest,dislike
im-,ir-,impossible,irregular
ne-,n-,none,neither,never
non-,nonsense
neg-,neglect
un-unable,unemployment
2)表示错误的意义
mis-,mistake,mislead,
3)表示反动作的意思
de-,defend,
un-,unload,uncover
2.表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀
a-在…之上,向…”aboard,aside,above,
en-,表示“在内,进入”encage,enjoy,enrich,
ex-,表示“外部,外”exit,expand,export,except,
fore-“在前面”forehead,foreground,
in-,il-,im-(用于b,m,p之前),ir-,表示“向内,在内,背于”inside,import
inter-,表示“在……间,相互”international,interaction,internet
intro-,表示“向内,在内,内侧”introduce,introduction
mid-,表示“中,中间”midnight,
out-,表示“在上面,在外部,在外”outline,outside,outward
over-,表示“在上面,在外部,向上”overlook,overhead,overboard
pre-,表示"在前”在前面”prefix,preface,prepare
pro-,表示“在前,向前”progress,proceed,
sub-,表示“在下面,下”subway,
super-,sur-,表示“在…..之上”surface,supermarket,superman,
trans-,表示“移上,转上,在那一边”translate,transform,
under-,表示“在…..下面,下的”underline,underground,underwater
up-,表示“向上,向上面,在上”upward,uphill(上坡)upstairs,
3.表示时间,序列关系的前缀
fore-,表示“在前面,先前,前面”forecast,foretell
mid-,表示“中,中间”midnight,midsummer
post-"表示“在后,后”postwar,
pre-,表示“在前,事先,预先”prewar,prehistory
re-,表示“再一次,重新”retell,rewrite,repeat,
4.表示比较程度差别关系的前缀
over-,表示“超过,过度,太”overeat,oversleep
5.表示共同,相等意思的前缀
co-表示“共同,一起”。
connect,collect,
sym-,表示“同,共,和,类”sympathy
6.表示整个完全意思的前缀
al-表示“完整,完全”alone,almost,overall
over-表示“完全,全”overall,overflow(充满)
7.表示分离,离开意思的前缀
a-,表示“分离,离开”away,apart,abstain
de-表示“离去,处去”depart,
8.表示通过,遍及意思的前缀
per-,pel-,通,总,遍perfect,perform,
trans-,横过,贯通transparent,transport
9.表示加强意思的前缀
a-,arouse,ashamed
ad-,adjoin,
10.表示变换词类作用的前缀
be-,befriend,
en-,enable,enrich
ad-,at-,adapt,attend,attract,
11.表示数量关系的前缀
twi-,表示“二,两,双”twin
centi-,表示"百,百分之一"centimeter
kilo-,表示"千,千分之一kilometer
micro-,表示"万,万分之一”microvolt
13.表示术语的前缀
aud-,表示“听,声”audience,
bio-,表示“生命,生物”biography(传记)
ge-,表示“地球,大地”geography
phon-,“声,音调”phone,phonograph
tele-,表示“远离”television,telephone
三.常见的后缀
1.名词后缀
(1)具有某种职业或动作的人
-an,-ian,…地方的人American,
-ant,-ent,"…者”agent,servant,student,
-ar,"……的人”scholar,liar,
-ary,"从事……的人"secretary,
-ant,"具有…责的人"graduate
-ator,"做……的人"educator,
-ee,"动作承受者"employee,examinee
-eer,"从事于…人"engineer,volunteer
-er,表示"从事某种职业的人,某地区人"banker,observer,Londoner,villager
-ese,表示"…国人,”Japanese,Chinese
-ess,阴性人称名词,actress,hostess,
-ian,表示"…地方人,信仰….教的人,从事…职业的人”Christian,musician
-ist,表示"从事…研究者,信仰…主义者"pianist,dentist,artist,chemist
-or,表示"…者"author,doctor,operator,
-yer,表示"从事……职业者”lawyer
(2).构成,具有抽象名词的含义
-age,表示"状态,行为,身份及其结果,总称"courage,storage,marriage
-ance,-ence表示"性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度”importance,diligence,difference,
-ancy,-ency,表示"性质,状态,行为,过程"frequency,urgency,
-bility,表示"动作,性质,状态"possibility,
-craft,表示"工艺,技巧”woodcraft,handicraft,statecraft(治国策)
-dom,表示"等级,领域,状态"freedom,kingdom,wisdom
-faction,-facture,表示"做成,……化,作用"satisfaction,
-hood,表示"资格,身份,年纪,状态"childhood,manhood,
-ice,表示"行为,性质,状态"notice,justice,service
-ine,"带有抽象概念"medicine,
-ing,"动作过程结果"building,writing,
-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition,"行为的过程,结果,状况"action,solution,conclusion,expression,correction
-ment,表示"行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果treatment,movement,judgment,punishment,argument
-ness,表示"性质,状态,程度"goodness,kindness,,friendliness
-or,"动作,性质,状态"favor,error,
-ship,情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业hardship,membership,friendship
-th,表示"动作,性质,过程,状态"depth,wealth,truth,length,growth
-tude,"性质,状态,程度"altitude
-ure,"行为,结果",pressure,failure,
-y,表示"行为的结果,状态,性质”,history,victory,
(3)带有场所,地方的含义
-age,表示"住所,地点"village,
-ary,表示"住所,场地"library,
-ory,表示"工作场所,住处"factory,dormitory,laboratory,observatory
(4)带有学术,科技含义
-ology,"学论”biology,technology
-nomy,"…学术"astronomy,economy,
-ery,表示"学科,技术"chemistry,
-y,表示"……学,术,法”photography,
(5)表示人和事物的总和,集合含义
-hood,neighborhood,womanhood
(6)表示物品和物质名称的含义
-ing,clothing,matting,
-ment,instrument,equipment,
(7)表示“细小”的含义
-ling,duckling,
-y,baby,doggy
2.形容词后缀
(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义
-able,suitable,comfortable,
-al,natural,additional,educational
-ant,-ent,distant,important,excellent
-ar,similar,popular,regular
-ice,ical,politic,historic,physical,
-ing,moving,touching,
-ish,foolish,,selfish
-ive,active,impressive,
(2)表示“相象,类似”的含义
-ish,boyish,childish
-like,manlike,childlike
-some,troublesome,handsome
(3)表示“充分的”含义
-ful,beautiful,wonderful,helpful,
-ous,dangerous,generous,various
(4)由某种物质形成,制成或生产的
-en,wooden,golden,woolen
-fic,scientific
(5)表示方向的含义
-ern,eastern,western
-ward,downward,forward
(6)表示“倍数”的含义
-ble,double,
(7)表示“数量关系”的含义
-teen,thirteen,fourteen
-ty,fifty,sixty
-th,fourth,fiftieth
(8)表示国籍,语种,宗教的含义
-an,Roman,European
-ese,Chinese,
-ish,English,Spanish
(9)表示“比较程度”的含义
-er,greater
-ish,reddish,yellowish
-est,highest
-most,foremost,topmost
(10)其他的含义
-less,表示否定,countless,wireless
3.动词后缀
-ize,ise,表示"做成,变成,organize
-en,表示"使成为,引起,使有”quicken,weaken,soften,
-fy,表示"使……化,使成”beautify,
-ish,表示"使,令”finish,
-ate,表示“成为…,处理,作用”separate,operate,
4.副词后缀
-ly,possibly,swiftly,simply
-ward,-wards,downward,upward
-ways,always,sideways,
-wise,otherwise,clockwise
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