中考英语总复习:冠词、数词.doc
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中考英语总复习:冠词、数词.doc
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中考英语总复习:
冠词、数词
冠词
1.种类:
(1)不定冠词:
a/anaunit/anuncle
元音开头的可数名词前用an:
anegg/anapple/anorange/aneraser/ananswer/anIDcard/analarmclock/
(2)定冠词:
thetheeggtheplane
2.用法:
不定冠词用法;
(1)用来表示“—”的意思,但不强调数的观念,只说明名词为不特定者。
即不具体说明是何人何物。
(2)不定冠词含有“—”的意思,但数量观念没有one强烈,在句子里边一般可以不必译出,但若有“一个”的意思则译出,(3)一般用在可数名词单数前,指人或事物的某一种类。
(4.)固定搭配。
alotOf,alot,alittle,afew,aglassOf,sucha/an,haveawordwith,havealook,haveatry,haveaswim,aquarter,halfanhour,threetimesaday,haveatalk,giveatalk,enYuanakilo
定冠词的用法:
(1)特指某(些)人或物。
(2)指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或物。
(3)用在形容最高级和部分比较级前。
(4)用在序数词前。
(5)用在世界上独一无二的事物前(如太阳、月亮、世界、地球、天空、宇宙等)。
(6)用在某些形容词前,表示—类人或物。
the rich(富人),thepoor(穷人),thedeaf(聋人),theblind(盲人),thedead(死者),thewounded(伤员)
(7)用在姓氏复数前,表示“某某—家人”或“某某夫妇”。
(8)用在乐器前。
(9)用于逢“十”的复数数词前,指某个世纪中的几十年代或人的大约年岁。
.Inthe1970s,
(10)用在某些专有名词和习惯用语中。
theUnitedNations,theGreatWall,theSummerPalace,thePalaceMuseum,intheend,intheday,inthemiddleOf,llthetime,intheeast,bytheway,OnthewaytO,the(more)……
the(more)…“越…越…”
不用冠词的情况:
(1)名词前有指示代词this,that,these,those时不用冠词。
(2)名词前有物主代词my,your,hisher,their等时不用冠词。
(3)名词前有whose,which,,any,each,every等代词时不用冠词。
(4)复数名词表示一类人或物时不用冠词。
eg.Thoseyoungmenareteachers,notstudents.
(5)物质名词表示种类时不用冠词。
eg.Snowiswhite.
(6)抽象名词表示一般概念时不用冠词。
eg.Doesshelikemusic?
(7)在球类运动和棋类游戏前时不用冠词。
eg.playbasketball/soccer/chess
(8)在三餐前不用冠词。
eg.havebreakfast/lunch/supper/dinner
(9)在人名、地名、节假日、星期、月份前不用。
(10)在学科和节目名称前不用冠词。
(11)在某些固定搭配中不用冠词。
eg.atnoon,atwork,athome,bybus,byair,Onfoot,frommorningtillnight,atnight,gOtOschool,gotobed,atlast
在有些词组中,用冠词和不用冠词意思有较大区别。
inhospital(在住院);inthehospital(在医院)
inprison(在坐牢);intheprison(在监狱里)
attable(吃饭,用餐);atthetable(在桌旁)
infrontof(在某个范围之外的前面);inthefrontof(在某个范围之外的前面)
gotocollege(上大学);gotothecollege(去那所大学)
takeplace(发生);taketheplace(代替)
习题:
在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词,不需用冠词处划×。
1.Tomorrowis______Teachers'Dayandwe'llmake______cardforourEnglishteacher.
2.Thebusisrunningaboutseventymiles_____hour.
3.Maryisinterestedin______science.
4.Somepeopledon'tliketotalkat______table.
5.LastnightIwentto______bedverylate.
6.Don'tworry.Westillhave______littletimeleft.
7.What______beautifulday!
Andwhat______fineweather!
8In______winteritiscoldin______Beijingandwarmin________Shanghai.
9.Johnis______cleverestboyinhisclass.
10.Wecan'tlivewithout______wateror______air.
11.TomorrowMr.SmithwillleaveParis,______capitalof______France,forWashingtonby______air.
12.Wewerehaving______lunchwhentheycamein.
13.Thisis______bookyougavemelastweek.
14.Whatdidyoudo______lastSaturday?
15.March8is______Women'sDay.
16.If______weatherisfinetomorrow,wewillgotothepark.
17.Ipreferplaying______pianotoplaying______basketball.
18.At______ageoffive,hereadalotofbooks.
19.TomandLucyareof______sameage.
20.______harderwestudy,______morewelearn.
21.Thereis_______pictureof_______ elephanton_______ wall.
22.Thisis_______ usefulbook.I'vereaditfor_______hour.
23._______elephantismuchheavierthan_______ horse.
24._______doctortoldhimtotake_______ medicinethreetimes_______day.
25.Let'sgooutfor_______ walk.
26.It'stoohot.Open_______ door,please.
27.Thereis_______ womanoverthere._______womanisMeimei'smother.
28._______sunrisesin_______ east.
29._______ChangjiangRiveris_______ longestriverin_______ China.
30.Areyougoingtodoit_______ secondtime?
31.What_______ importantnews!
数词:
表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词,数词分为基数词和序数词。
表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词。
一、基数词
1)基数词写法和读法:
345 threehundredandforty-five;
2)基数词一般是单数形式,但下列情况,常用复数:
a.要注意的是hundred,thousand,million与billion的用法。
①前面有别的基数词时,即若干个百、千、百万、十亿时,其本身都不要加s,如:
threehundredstudents。
②若表示成百,成千或数百,数千时,前面不能有基数词,但其本身要用复数形式,然后+of+名词复数。
如:
thousandsofstudents 数千名学生
b. 在一些表示"一排"或"一组"的词组里;
如:
Theyarrivedintwosandthrees. 他们三三两两的到达了。
c.表示"几十岁";d.表示"年代",用in+the+数词复数;
e.在乘法运算的一种表示法里,如:
3x5=15Threefivesis(are)fifteen.
二、序数词
其构成法如下:
1规则的直接在基数词后加th,如:
fourthfifthsixthseventhtentheleventhnineteenth整十的:
twentieththirtiethfortieth不规则的则需要一一记忆因它们在考试中出现的频率很高:
firstsecondthird eighthninthtwelfth
序数词的缩写形式:
first---1st second---2nd thirty-first---31st
三、数词的用法
1)倍数表示法
a.主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+as+adj.+as
Ihavethreetimesasmanyasyou. 我有你三倍那么多。
b.主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+thesize(amount,length…)of…
Theearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon. 地球是月球的49倍。
c.主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+形容词(副词)比较级+than…
Thegrainoutputis8percenthigherthisyearthanthatoflastyear.
今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。
d.还可以用by+倍数,表示增加多少倍
Theproductionofgrainhasbeenincreasedbyfourtimesthisyear.
今年粮食产量增加了4倍。
2)分数表示法
构成:
基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母。
分子大于1时,分子的序数词用单数,分母序数词用复数:
1/3one-third;3/37threeandthree-sevenths
练习
一、用所给词的适当形式填空:
1、Mr.Blacklivesonthe floor.(six)
2、Jackwillcomebackonthe ofnextmonth.(twenty-three)
3、Autumnisthe seasonoftheyear.(three)
4、The boyisverystrong.(seven)
5、Summeristhe seasonoftheyear.(two)
6、The storyisveryinteresting.(one)
7、Septemberisthe monthoftheyear.(nine)
8、Thereare ofworkersinafactory.(hundred)
9、Whowasthe togetthere?
(one)
10、Ihavetwo stamps.(hundred)
二.句意选词
()1.ThegovernmentofChongqingisbuilding_______cheapandgoodhousesforthepeople.
A.thousand B.thousandsC.thousandof D.thousandsof.
()2.Now,everybody,pleaseturntoPage______andlookatthe______picture.
A.Fifth;five B.Five;fifthC.Fifth;fifth D.Five;five
()3.----Doyouhaveenoughstudentstocleanthelaboratory?
----No,Ithinkweneed______students.
A.another B.towothersC.moretwo D.twomore
()4.We’llhavea______holiday.WhataboutgoingtotheWestLake?
A.twodays B.two—dayC.two—days D.two—days’
()5.---Howmanyteachersarethereinyourschool?
----______,butI’mnotsure.
A.Hundreds B.HundredC.Hundredsof D.Onehundred
()6.Theriverisverylonganditisabout_________.
A.20metreswide B.15metreslongC.30metreshigh D.50metrestall
()7.Myfatherwillhavea_______holidaynextmonth.He'lltakemetoQingdao.
A.tendays B.tenday'sC.ten-days D.tendays'
()8.Eightstudentsinourschoolarefromcountryside.
Ahundreds Bhundred Chundredsof D.hundredof
()9.______treeswerecutdown.Andmanybirdslosttheirhome.
A.Twothousands B.ThousandsofC.Thousandof
()10.Idon’tbelievethatthis_____boycanpaintsuchanicepicture.
A.fiveyearsold B.five-years-old C.five-year-old
()11.Footballissoexcitingthat_____peopleintheworldplayit.
A.millionof B.millionsof C.twomillionsof
()12.Eachofushastowritea_______reporteverytwoweeks.
A.two-hundred-wordB.two-hundreds-wordC.two-hundreds-wordsD.two-hundred-words
()13.Wearegoingtolearn___thisterm.
A.booksix B.sixbook C.thebooksixD.BookSix
()14.Thegirlwantedtosing____songinEnglish.
A.theothers B.asecond C.other D.thesecond
()15.About____ofthebooksinourschoollibraryarewritteninChinese.
A.four-fifth B.four-fifths C.fourth-fifths D.fourths-fifth
()16.Hewillcomehere____tomorrowmorning.
A.atfifth B.atten C.ontwo D.tilltenth
()17.Everydayhebeginstodohishomework___.
A.attenpastseven B.atsevenpasstenC.ontenpastseventhD.untilten
()18.Hebegantoworkthere____.
A.onhisfifty B.atageoffifty C.whenhefiftyD.inhisfifties
()19.TheymovedtoBeijing_
A.in1980s B.inthe1980\' C.inthe1980s D.onthe1980\'s
()20.Shewas___herearlytwentieswhenshewentabroad.
A.at B.on C.of D:
in
三、完形填空
IMAGINEalifewithoutarmsorlegs!
Youcan’tholdanyoneinyour1.Youcan’twalkanywherewithyourfeet.Howwouldyoulastadaylikethat?
Wouldyou2atyourselfinthemirror(镜子)likeNickVujicic,the29-year-oldAustralian?
Nickwasbornwithoutlimbs(四肢),solifewasnot3forhim.Atschoolmanystudentsplayedjokesonhim4helookeddifferentfromeveryoneelse.Hewasrefusedtobe5friends,sohealwaysfelt6.However,hefacedthatbravely.He7totypeandwritewithtwotoes(脚趾)attheageofsix,andhecould8surfandplaygolf.Incollege,hegotgreatsuccessandwasamongthe9studentsinthestudies.Andhedecidedon10todolaterinhislife-toencourageotherstoworkhardfortheirdreams.
NowNickisoneofthemostpopular11intheworld.Hetravelstomanycountriesandtellothersabouthisstory12difficulties.“Livinglifefullyisaboutlookingatwhatyou13,notwhatyoudon’thave,”hesaid.His14encouragesmillionsofpeople.
“Itellpeopletokeepongettingupwhenthey15andtoalwayslovethemselves,”hesaid.“IfIcanencouragejustoneperson,thenmyjobinthislifeisdone.”
()1.A.arms B.ears C.eyes D.teeth
()2.A.laugh B.cry C.smile D.shout
()3.A.old B.easy C.modern D.difficult
()4.A.because B.if C.until D.although
()5.A.his B.my C.their D.our
()6.A.happy B.relaxed C.lonely D.surprised
()7.A.failed B.forgot C.helped D.learned
()8.A.even B.ever C.never D.always
()9.A.tall B.lazy C.sleepy D.excellen
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