中考英语冲刺之阅读理解之细节题及主旨题.doc
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中考英语冲刺之阅读理解之细节题及主旨题.doc
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阅读理解之细节题辅导讲义
主题
阅读理解之细节题及主旨题
教学内容
Step1:
阅读理解题命题特点
改革前的广州中考英语试卷阅读理解有20个小题,共40分。
改革后增加了“阅读填空”题型,分值增至45分。
中考阅读理解短文的题材广泛,包括:
史地、社会生活、科普知识、人物传记等。
体裁有记叙文、议论文、说明文、应用文。
1.记叙文以描述人或事及相关情景的发生和发展经过。
2.说明文是对事物现象的说明或解释。
3.议论文论证某一观点是否正确,由论点、论据与论证构成。
4.应用文以广告、信件等为主。
从历年中考真题来看,对细节题的考察比重明显比较高,一般在18-24分之间。
阅读主要考查点为事实询问、主旨大意、推理判断、根据上下文猜测词义。
随分值提升,题目难度也有所提升。
如有数字的加减、词义辨析等。
考生需要在采集信息的基础上进行加工分析,才能得到正确的答案。
重点
事实询问(细节题),主旨大意,词义猜测及指代题,推理判断及排序题,句子理解;
难点
根据上下文猜测词义,长难句的理解,主旨大意题既推理判断;
易错点
猜测词义,主旨大意题;
高频考点
事实询问,推理判断,主旨大意。
阅读理解之细节题
下面就各种阅读理解题的题型举例,谈谈解题方法。
²1.细节题的设问方式:
此类题型的问题以what,who,which,when,where,how或why等词引导,就文中某句、某段或某一具体细节设问并要求考生回答。
如:
1)特殊疑问词提问类型Howmany……?
What/who/when/where/how/why……?
2)排序题类型Whichoftheordersiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?
3)例证题类型Theauthorgivestheexamplein……paragraphinorderto……
4)表唯一细节概念题类型:
……themost/~est…………theonly……
5)TrueorNOTtrue是非判断类型
WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?
WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?
WhichofthefollowingisNOTconsideredas……?
2.细节题解题方法:
分步解读:
Ø我们读完文章后,第一步工作就是审清题目。
第二步就是根据题目,定位文章了。
第三步就是仔细揣度文意,根据选项进行判断了。
注意:
在做题过程中要学生划出关键词
A.事实节细题,
Therewasoncealarge,fatwomanwhohadasmall,thinhusband.HehadajobinabigcompanyandwasgivenhisweeklypayeveryFridayevening..AssoonashegothomeonFridays,hiswifeusedtomakehimgiveherallhismoney,andthensheusedtogivehimbackonlyenoughtobuyhislunchintheofficeeveryday.
()
(1)Howmuchmoneywasthehusbandallowedtokeepeveryday?
A.Justenoughtobuychocolates.
B.Justenoughtobuyasandwich.
C.Justenoughtobuyhislunchinarestaurant.
D.Justenoughtobuyhislunchintheoffice.
筒析:
这是一道典型的事实询问题,因为它的答案可以直接从文段中找到。
根据这段最后一句话,可以得知D为正确答案。
解这类题的主要方法是:
1)明确题意。
2)寻找答案来源。
3)找准关键词。
4)反复阅读。
B.数据推算题
此题要求学生就文章提供的数据,以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。
如:
Inthesummerholidays,busesgoingtothetowncenterwillleavetheschoolgateeveryhouronthehalfhourduringtheday.Thediningroomwillservethreemealsadayfrom7:
00a.m.to7:
00pm.duringtheweekandtwomealsfromnoonto7:
00p.m.atweekends.Thelibrarywillkeepitsusualhoursduringtheweek,buthaveshorterhoursonSaturdaysandSundays.Theweekendhoursarefromnoonto5:
00p.m.
()(3)Atwhichofthefollowingtimeswillthebusleavetheschoolgate?
A.8:
00,9:
00,10:
00,11:
00B.8:
30,9:
30,10:
30,11:
30
C.8:
30,9:
00,9:
30,10:
00D.8:
00,9:
30,11:
00,12:
30
简析:
做此类题一要抓住有关的数据,二要从众多的信息中找出哪些是有用的信息,三要抓住一些关键词。
注意文章中的第一句“…everyhouronthehalfhour...”意思为校车每小时发一次,发车时间在每一小时的半点上。
故B是正确答案。
C数字计算题
数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容,此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实,有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。
具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。
文章中经常会出现许多数字,它们对解题产生一定的影响。
解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意,然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。
…Itwasaveryhotafternoon,andwedecidedtocooloffintherivernearmyhome.Asweclimbeddownasmallrockyhilltowardthewater,myboyfriendJohnsuddenlystartedtoshoutthenjumpedintothewaterbelow.PeterandMaryquicklyfollowedbutIwastoofarawaytojump.Iwastrapped…
(2010年广州市中考题,A篇)
46.Howmanypeoplewentswimmingthatday?
A.Two.B.ThreeC.FourD.Five
Key:
C
D.排列顺序题
做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”,即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件,迅速缩小选择范围,从而快速选出正确答案。
典型例题
ThehardworkingblacksmithJonesusedtoworkalldayinhisshop.ThesonofMr.Smith,arichneighbor,usedtocometoseetheblacksmitheverydayandforhoursandhourshewouldenjoyhimselfwatchinghowthetradesmanworked.
“Youngman,whydon’tyoutryyourhandtolearntomakeshoetacks(钉),evenifitisonlytopassthetime?
”saidtheblacksmith.“Whoknows,oneday,itmaybeofusetoyou.”
Thelazyboybegantoseewhathecoulddo.Butafteralittlepracticehefoundthathewasbecomingveryskilledandsoonhewasmakingsomeofthefinesttacks.
OldMr.Smithdiedandthesonlostallhisthingsbecauseofthewar.Hehadtoleavehomeandbegantoliveasimplelifeinasmallvillageinanothercountry.Inthisvillagetherewerealotofshoemakerswhowerespendingalotofmoneybuyingtacksfortheirshoes,andsometimesevenwhentheypaidhighpricestheywerenotalwaysabletogetwhattheywanted,becauseinthatpartofthecountrysoldiers’shoeswereingreatneed.
OuryoungMr.Smith,whowasfindingitdifficulttoearnhisdailybread,rememberedthatonceuponatimehehadlearnedtheartofmakingtacksandhadthesuddenideaofmakingabargainwiththeshoemakers.Hetoldthemthathewouldmakethetacksiftheywouldhelptogethimsettledintheworkshop.Theshoemakerswereverygladfortheoffer.Andafterawhile,Mr.Smithfoundthathewassoonmakingthefinesttacksinthevillage.
“Howfunnyitseems,”heusedtosay,“evenmakingtackscanmakemylifebetter.MyskillismoreusefultomethanallmyrichesthatI’vehadbefore.”
50.Whatistherightorderoftheevents?
a.YoungMr.Smithbecameatackmakerinthevillage.
b.YoungSmithlearnedtheartofmakingtacksfromJones.
c.Soldiers’shoeswereingreatneedduringthewar
d.YoungSmithhadtomovetoanothercountry.
A.bdacB.dabcC.bdcaD.dcab
注:
做这一类排序题,可以分为b,d两种开头的排序,从文章中意思,可以排除B、D选项,在A、C选项中,a与c看一看,根据文中信息,可以排除A项;key:
C
E判断正误
【例1】“三错一对”题
ShoppingontheInternetorshoppingonlineisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.MoreandmorepeopleareusingtheInternettobuythings.WhydopeopleusetheInternettoshop?
Somepeoplesayitismoreconvenient.Theydon’thavetoleavetheirhomestoordersomethingandtheycanshopforanythingtheywantatanytime,dayornight.Somepeoplesaytheycanfindthingsforsalethattheycan’tfindinthestoresneartheirhomes.OtherpeoplesaytheycanfindbetterpricesontheInternet.
IfyouwanttobuysomethingontheInternet,youneedacreditcard(信用卡).Youcanapplyitfromabank.YouhavetogiveyourcreditcardnumberandinformationtothewebsitewhichsendsthemtothestoreovertheInternet.
Youhavetobesurethatthestorewillnotuseyourinformationinawrongway.Andifyoudon’twantsomeonetogetyourcreditcardnumberandbuysomethingelsewithit,ofcourse,youshouldalwaysbecarefulwithyourcreditcardnumberbecausepeoplesometimesstealcreditcardnumbers.
Forpeoplewhoaretoonervoustoshoponline,theInternetisagoodplaceforwindow-shopping.Window-shoppingiswhenyougotoastoreandlookatthingsforsale,butdon’tplantobuyanything.Window-shoppingiseasyontheInternet.Youcanseeallkindsofthingsandhowmuchtheycost.Youcanvisitstoreswithbranchesnearyou,oryoucanvisitstoresthatareonlyontheInternet.
51.WhichfollowingisTrueaboutshoppingonlineaccordingtothepassage?
A.Itcansavepeoplealotoftrouble.B.Nervouspeoplechoosetoshoponline.
C.Peopledon’thavetousetheircreditcard.D.PeoplecanbuyonlyafewthingsontheInternet.
这类是“三错一对”,从文中第一段说,人们为什么在网上购物?
一些人说“网上购物可以更方便,任何时候可以不离开家就可以购物”,所以选择A
【例2】“三对一错”题
ThisisatalkbyaLondontaxidriver.
"I'vebeenataxidriverfornearlytenyears.MostLondontaxidrivershavetheirowntaxis."
"It'sanicejobmostoftime.Youmeetalotofpeople.Ialwaysworkatnight,becausethereistoomuchtrafficduringtheday.IlivetwentymilesoutsideLondonandIgotoworkat5:
30intheafternoon."
"Iusuallygohomebetween2and3inthemorning."
"Someverystrangethingshappenedlateatnight.TheotherdayIwastakingawomanhomefromaparty.Shehadherlittledogwithher.Whenwegottoherhouse,shefoundthatshehadlostherkey.SoIwaitedinthecarwiththedogwhilesheclimbedinthroughthewindows."
"Iwaitedandwaited.AfterhalfanhourofringingthebellIdecidedtofindoutwhatwasgoingon.Itiedthedogtoatreeandstartedtoclimbinthroughthewindow.ThenextthingIknewwasthatthepolicecame.TheythoughtIwasathief.
Luckilythewomancamedownstairs.Shemusthavegonetosleepandforgottenaboutmeandthedog!
"
49.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?
A.Thedriverworkeduntil2or3inthemorning.
B.Thepolicemadeamistake.
C.Thewomanhadnomoneytopaythedriver.
D.Thewomanhadforgottenaboutthedriverandthedog.
此类题是“三对一错”题,A文章第五行,作者说凌晨2-3点回家,符合A;B文章第10行说警察来了,他们以为我是小偷,符合B:
C妇女说没有钱付给司机,根据题意是错的;所以选择C。
5细节题中的小陷阱:
Ø选项中部分是正确的,但是部分是不正确的。
Ø选项是文章中的内容,但是题干中要求的。
Ø符合常识,但不是原文想要表达的。
。
Ø与原句的内容极为相似,只是在程度上有些变动。
A
AccordingtoForbesmagazine,OprahWinfreyisoneoftherichestwomeninAmerica.Shehasworkedasanewsreporter,movieactress,andauthor,butsheisbestknownforherpopulartelevisiontalkshow,Oprah.
LifehasnotalwaysbeeneasyforOprah.Whenshewasyoung,herparentsdidnotlivetogetherandsheoftenmovedhouse.Herfamilywaspoor,andOprahdidnothaveherfirstpairofshoesuntilshewassixyearsold.ButOprahwassmart,shelearnedhowtoreadbeforeshestartedschool.Andevenfromheryoungage,Oprahlovedtotalk.
Aftergraduatingfromhighschool,OprahgotajobasanewsreaderatatelevisionstationinBaltimore.Oprahwasverydifferentfromtheotherreporters.Shelaughedwhenshemadeamistake,andcriedifastorywassad.Herstylewasnotrightfornewsreporting,soshewasfired(解雇).
Oprah’sbossattheTVstationofferedherajobastheco-hostofamorningtalkshowcalledPeopleAreTalking.Shewasverypopularonthatshow,andin1981OprahmovedtoChicagowhereshehadalargerstud
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