初中英语被动语态深度讲解练习及答案.docx
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初中英语被动语态深度讲解练习及答案.docx
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初中英语被动语态深度讲解
语态的基本概念和种类
语态是动词的一种形式,用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
所以英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
语态有两种:
主动语态和被动语态。
主语是动作的发出者为主动语态;主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。
如:
Theybuiltthebridge.
Thebridgewasbuiltbythem.
(一)被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
1一般现在时:
am/is/are+taught
Sheoftenwaterstheflowers.
Theflowersareoftenwateredbyher’
Englishisspokenbylotsofpeopleintheworld
2一般过去时:
was/were+taught
Was/weredone
Wevisitedaformyesterday.
Aformwasvisitedyesterdaybyus.
thecupwasbrokenbytheboy.
Hewassavedatlast.
Mybikewasstolen,
Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.
Thisbookwaspublishedin1981. 这本书出版于1981年
3一般将来时:
will/shallbe+taught
Am/is/aregoingtobedone
Shewillplantsometreesthisweek.
sometreeswillbeplantedthisweek.
ourclassisgoingtoholdapartythismorning.
Apartyisgoingtobeheldthiseveningbyourclass
Anewroadwillbebuiltnextyear
4现在进行时:
am/is/arebeing+taught
过去进行时:
was/werebeingdone
Heisreadinganovel.
Anovelisbeingread
Theproblemwasbeingdiscussednow
Themachinewasbeingrepairedatthistimeyesterday.
5现在完成时:
have/hasbeen+taught
歌诀是:
被动语态be字变,过去分词跟后面
Wehavefinishedthework.
Theworkhasalreadybeenfinishedbyus.
6情态动词的被动语态是常考的一个知识点:
情态动词+be+过去分词
HecanspeakEnglish
Englishcanbespokenbyhim
Weshouldplantmoretreesonthemountain
Moretreesshouldbeplantedonthemountain
Youmustfinishedyourhomeworkintime
yourhomeworkmustbefinishedfinishedintime
(三)主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项
歌诀是:
宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟。
谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用。
(1)通常的办法是:
将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语,将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be/get+过去分词”形式,将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。
如:
LiLeiplantedthetreelastyear.
→ThetreewasplantedbyLiLeilastyear.这棵树是李蕾去年栽的。
WorkersmadethemachinesinChangsha.\
→ThemachinesweremadeinChangsha.这些机器是长沙造的。
(2)将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时,应将宾语变为被动结构的主语,而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。
如:
Hepaintedthedoorgreenyesterday.→Thedoorwaspaintedgreenyesterday.昨天门被漆成绿色了。
注意:
表示“使、让”的动词make,have等,以及感官动词see,watch,observe,feel,hear,listento,lookat等,感官动词或使役动词的主动语态后跟不带to不定式作宾语补足语,但变为被动语态时,须转为带to不定式。
如:
Isawabagdropfromthebus.
→Abagwasseentodropfromthebus.
Mothermadeherbabysleepinherarms.
→Thebabywasmadetosleepinhermother’sarms.
Isawhimgointotheteachers’office.
→Hewasseentogointotheteachers’office.
看见他进入了教师办公室。
Weoftenhearhersinginthenextroom.
Sheisoftenheardtosinginthenextroom.
Thebossmadethemworkfor16hoursaday
Theyweremsdetoworkfor16hoursadaysbytheboss
(3)带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时,既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语,而在间接宾语前加to或for留在动词之后;也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语,而直接宾语留在动词之后。
但一般采用后一种用法。
如:
Hegavemethepenlastyear.
→Iwasgiventhepenlastyear.
Thepenwasgiventomelastyear.这支笔是去年给我的。
Heboughtmeabook
=abookwasboughtformebyhim
直接宾语和间接宾语都可作被动语态的主语。
如:
Mr.Smithgaveusalecture.
→WeweregivenalecturebyMr.Smith.
或---AlecturewasgivenbyMr.Smith.
当句中含有return,write,find,buy等动词时,常把直接宾语转为被动语态的主语,同时要注意介词的搭配。
如:
Ireturnedhimthebook.
→Thebookwasreturnedtohim.(注意用to)
Hewrotemeashortnote.
→Ashortnotewaswrittentome.(注意用to)
Hefoundmeanumbrella.
→Anumbrellawasfoundforme.(注意用for)
Iboughthersomeflowers.
→Someflowerswereboughtforher.(注意用for)
【说明】一般说来,间接宾语前带to的动词有:
bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,post,send,show,take,teach,tell,write,throw等;间接宾语前带for的动词有:
book,buy,call,cook,do,get,make,save等。
(4)动词believe,consider,declare,expect,know,report,say,suppose,think等的被动语态,常有两种结构形式。
如:
Hewassaidtogethurtinthecaraccident.人们说他在车祸中受伤了。
Itwassaidthathegothurtinthecaraccident.人们说他在车祸中受伤了。
(5)短语动词变被动语态时,短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略,短语动词应当看作一个整体。
如:
Shehasneverbeenoperatedonbefore.她从未动过手术。
Thebabywaslookedafterbyhersister.这婴儿由她的姐姐照顾。
Hisplanwaslaughedatbyeveryone.他的计划大家都嘲笑。
Wecan’tlookdownuponanybody.
→Anybodycan’tbelookeddownupon.
Thedoorkeeperturnsoffthelightsat11pmeveryday.
→Thelightsareturnedoffat11pmbythedoorkeepereveryday.
Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.
→Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse.
(6)动词不定式的被动语态:
即把todo变成tobedone
(五)不用被动语态的情况
1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态:
appear,die,disappear,end,fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.
如,Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.
比较:
rise,fall,happen是不及物动词;raise,seat是及物动词。
(错)Thepricehasbeenrisen.
(对)Thepricehasrisen.
(错)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.
(对)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.
(错)Thepricehasraised.
(对)Thepricehasbeenraised.
(错)Pleaseseat.
(对)Pleasebeseated.
要想正确地使用被动语态,就须注意哪些动词是及物的,哪些是不及物的。
特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。
解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
2)动词形式上是被动的,但实际上是“系动词+表语”结构,一般学习方法是靠平时积累。
如:
Heisseatedatthedesk.他坐在桌旁。
Theboywaslostinthestreet. 男孩在街上迷路了。
Thegirlisdressedinaredskirt. 这个女孩穿着红裙子。
Hewasdrunkinthebar.他在酒吧喝醉了。
Mydreamisgonewiththewind. 我的梦随风而去了。
3)当break,wash,sell,burn,read,clean,run,ride,wear,write,open,close等动词有状语修饰时,用主动形式表示被动意义。
Glassbreakseasily.玻璃易碎。
Theclothwasheswell.这种布料很好洗。
Thisnewbooksellswell.新书很畅销。
Drywoodburnseasily.干柴易燃。
Theletterreadsasfollows.信的内容如下。
Theglasscleanseasily.这些杯子易洗。
Thenewcarrunswell.这辆新车跑得很正常。
Mynewbikerideswell.我的新自行车很好骑。
Theshoeswearlong.这种鞋子很耐穿。
Thepenwritessmoothly.这笔写起来很流畅。
Theshopopensat9amandclosesat9pm
4)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:
fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto
如,Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.
Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.
5)系动词无被动语态:
appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn
Itsoundsgood.
Thefoodlooksnicebuttastesbad.
Yourpikansoundsgood.
6)带同源宾语的及物动词,反身代词,相互代词,不能用于被动语态:
die,death,dream,live,life
Shedreamedabaddreamlastnight.
7)当宾语是不定式时,很少用于被动语态。
(对)Shelikestoswim.
(错)Toswimislikedbyher.
二、复习时需要注意的要点
(1)由主动语态改为被动语态的步骤:
①主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语;
②主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态;
③主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中by的宾语。
(2)主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语时,转换方法有两种:
①把间接宾语转化为主语,保留直接宾语
②把直接宾语转化为主语,保留间接宾语。
此时,一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词。
(3)在短语seesb.dosth.中,动词see后跟不带to的不定式作宾补。
改为被动语态时要加上to。
用于这一结构的谓语动词一般是表示知觉的动词如see,hear等,以及使役动词make,let等。
[小试]用括号中动词的适当形式填空。
1.TheMid-AutumnFestival_______(celebrate)in China .
2.I_______(ask)bymymothernottotouchthedogyesterday.
3.Booksofthiskind_______(sell)verywell.
4.—Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?
—Notyet,theroom_______(paint).
5.Theboy_______(bringup)inthecountryside.
6.Agoodjob_______melastyear.(offer)
初中英语被动语态专项练习
()1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.
A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound
()2English____inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken
()3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.
A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung
()4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade
()5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.
A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused
()6Ourroommust___clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep
()7-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry.___.
A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold
( )8Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.
A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding
()9Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.
A.wasleftBillbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft
()10Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.
A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed
()11Hisnewbook___nextmonth.A.willbepublished B.ispublishing
C.isbeingpublished D.hasbeenpublished
()12Japanese___ineverycountry.
A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking
( )13Thesepapers___yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwritten
C.hasnotwritten D.hasnotbeenwritten
()14Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.
A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't
()15-Myshoesarewornout.
A.Can'ttheybemended?
B.Letmehavealookatit.
C.Howmuchdotheycost?
D.Can'ttheymended?
( )16___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?
Ibadlyneedit.
A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are
( )17___thesedesksbeneeded?
A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do
( )18Why___totalkaboutityesterday?
A.didn'tameetinghold B.wasn'tameetingheld
C.wasn'theldameeting D.ameetingwasn'theld
( )19Whowasthebook___?
A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby
( )20Where___theseboxesA.wasB.wereC.isD.am
( )21Theflowers___often.
A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater
( )22Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.
A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow
( )23Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.
A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended
( )24Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.
A.isgoingtoberebuilt B.willrebuilt
C.aregoingtoberebuilt D.aregoingtorebuilt
()25Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.
A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown
( )26Theoldstonebridge___nextweek.
A.isgoingtoberebuilt B.willberebuild
C.aregoingtoberebuilt D.willrebuild
()
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