英语毕业论文9解读《皆大欢喜》中的浪漫主义.docx
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英语毕业论文9解读《皆大欢喜》中的浪漫主义.docx
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英语毕业论文9解读《皆大欢喜》中的浪漫主义
AnAnalysisofRomanticisminAsYouLikeit
解读《皆大欢喜》中的浪漫主义
Abstract
Romanticism,asahistoricalphaseofthe19thcenturyinliterature,stressesthecloserelationshipbetweenmanandnature,andcontinuesachangeofdirectionfromtheattentionpaidtotheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldofthehumanspirit.Romanticsfeelthatthepresentsocietydeniespeople’sessentialhumanneed,andtheirexpectationtoliveincountryside,whichisbeautiful,quietandcouldpreventhumanfromsadness,terror,andfear.AsYouLikeItisoneofShakespeare’sfourfamouscomedies.ThewholestoryhappensinArdenforest.Thedukeseniorandhisoldfollowerstakeresidenceintheforest,andwhentheyarrivethereandliveforsomedays,theyarefullyattractedbythebeautifulsceneryandforgetthecourt’ssadness.Countrylifemakespeoplegetrefreshed.RomanticismcriticsgiveahighpraisetoAsYouLikeit.
ThispapertriestoanalyzethecloserelationshipbetweenAsYoulikeItandRomanticism.Intheplay,theauthordemonstratesalivingworldwhichhascloserelationshipwithmenandisthesourceoftheirlife.BasedontheanalysisofthecloserelationshipbetweentheplayandRomanticism,andfourscenesextractedfromtheplay,thepaperaimsattheexplorationandinterpretationofRomanticismintheplay.
KeyWords
Romanticism;AsYouLikeIt;nature;emotion;comedy
摘 要
发生在19世纪的浪漫主义文学铸造了文学史上的一段神话,对后世产生了深远的影响。
浪漫主义文学注重描写人的内心感受,并认为现实社会忽略了人的本质追求,并主张回归原始的田园生活,在宁静幽雅的自然乡村生活能让人身心得以放松,远离尘世生活的压力,喧嚣。
《皆大欢喜》作为莎士比亚的四大喜剧之一,整个剧情在宁静、秀美的亚登森林中展开,讲述了被其弟篡夺了爵位后的老公爵和他的忠实的随从们来到森林里,忘却宫廷的虚伪与争夺,享受着自然的洗礼,心灵也得以净化和升华,给人一种浪漫的情怀。
19世纪的浪漫主义学者对这部喜剧情有独钟。
在作品中作者展现了一个与人类有着密切联系,并赋予人类生活的自然世界。
论文通过对作品与浪漫主义的密切关系以及四幕精彩剧情的分析,揭示与解读《皆大欢喜》中的浪漫主义。
关键词
浪漫主义;皆大欢喜;自然;情感;喜剧
Introduction
Romancehasacloserelationshipwithpeople.Itdoesnotonlymakelifecolorful,butalsoletspeopleunderstandhowtoliveabetterlife.Facingthestressesfromwork,onecandosomeromanticthingstorelax.Itisknowntoall,thatRomanticismwaspopularinEuropeinthe19thcentury.Romanticsstressedthecloserelationshipbetweenmanandnature.Theyexpectedtoliveincountryside,andtheyalwaysviewedintuitionandemotionsmoreimportantthanreasonandcommonsense.Therewasmuchgreaterstressonemotionsinthewritingoftheromanticperiod.Romanticsheldthenotionthatonecouldfindtruththroughone’sfeelings.Theythoughttheworldasalively,breathingbeing,andadmiredthosewhocouldspeakthewordsfromtheirinnerworld,andexpecteverypersontoexpresstheirfeelingfreely.Theybelievedeverybody’sinnerself(subconscious)wasmeaningful,andeverybodyshouldhaveanopportunitytobecreativeandtoexpresshisownthoughts.The19thcenturyromanticcriticsregardedAsYouLikeItasthedeclarationofRomanticism.AsYouLikeItisoneofShakespeare’sfourcomedieswhichwasseenasaperfectcomedy.FromthewritingbackgroundandthecontentsofActiiscenei,Actiiisceneii,Actiiisceneii,Actiiiscenev,thereisaconclusionthateveryonelooksforwardtohavingaromanticlife.
ThroughanalysisofAsYouLikeIt,readerscanunderstandthedemonstrationofRomanticismintheplayandknowmoreaboutRomanticismwhichmakespeople’slifemorelively,interestingandharmonious.
I.ABriefIntroductiontoRomanticism
Romanticism(theRomanticMovement),aliterarymovement,isprofoundshiftinsensibility,whichtookplaceinBritainandthroughoutEuropeduring1770-1848.IntellectuallyitmarkedaviolentreactiontotheEnlightenment.PoliticallyitwasinspiredbytherevolutionsinAmericaandFranceandpopularwarsofindependenceinPoland,Spain,Greece,andelsewhere.Emotionallyitexpressedanextremeassertionoftheselfandthevalueofindividualexperience(the'egotisticalsublime'),togetherwiththesenseoftheinfiniteandtranscendental.Sociallyitchampionedprogressivecauses,thoughwhenthesewerefrustrateditoftenproducedabitter,gloomy,anddespairingoutlook.Theromanticspaidgreatattentiontothespiritualandemotionallifeofman.Personifiednatureplaysanimportantroleinthepagesoftheirworks.
A.TheCharacteristicsofRomanticism
(1)Romanticismwasarebellionagainsttheobjectivityofrationalism.Itwasamovementofconsciousrebellionagainstbeingtooobjective.Theromanticspiritwasoneofsubjectivityofinwardfeelingsthatonecouldtrustone’ssubjectiveresponses.Romanticsplacedahighpremiumuponthecreativefunctionofimagination,andsawartasaformulationofintuitiveandimaginativeperceptionsthattendtospeakanoblertruththanthatoffact.
(2)Forromantics,thefeelings,intuitionsandemotionsweremoreimportantthanreasonandcommonsense.Thecontroversywasonebetweenheadthinkingandheartfeeling.Therewasamuchgreaterstressonemotionsinthewritingoftheromanticperiod.Romanticsheldthatonecouldfindtruththroughone’sfeelings.ThisisjusttheoppositeoftherationaltheoriesthatBenjaminFranklinfollowed.Rationalistswouldsaythatpeoplecouldfindtruththroughscientificinvestigation,butromanticswerereadytotrusttheirfeelingsasanavenueforfindingtruthandfindingwhatwasessentialinlifeTheybelievedthattheirrationalwasimportantinhumanexperienceandthatnoteverythingcouldbeexplainedbyreason.
(3)RomanticsdidnotthinkoftheworldasatickingwatchmadebyGod.Theythoughtoftheworldasaliving,breathingbeing.Theystressedthecloserelationshipbetweenmanandnature.Theyviewednatureasanexampleandsourceofvividphysicalbeautyandasamanifestationofspiritintheuniverse.Withdeeplovefornature,theysawnatureasarevelationoftruth,thelivinggarmentofGod.Therefore,naturewasasuitablesubjectfortrueart.TheybelievedthatGodwasimmanentincreation.Inotherwords,whentheywouldlookatthefiniteobjectsinthisworld,theywouldfindthepresenceofaninfiniteGod.
(4)Romanticsemphasizedindividualism,placingtheindividualagainstthegroup,againstauthority.Theysawtheindividualattheverycenteroflifeandart.Theyemphasizedpersonalfreedomandfreedomfromformalism,tradition,andconformity.Theydelightedinself-analysis,intricateexaminationandfullexposureofthesoul.Theycherishednohero-worship,yetbelievedintheperfectibilityofhumanity.Romanticsbelievedinthenaturalgoodnessofhumanbeings.Theyheldthathumanityclosetonaturewouldbehavewell,andwouldnotbehinderedbycivilization.
(5)Romanticsaffirmedtheinnerlifeoftheself,andwantedeachpersontobefreetodevelopandexpresshisowninnerthoughts.Theybelievedeverybody’sinnerself(subconscious)wasmeaningful,andeverybodyshouldhaveanopportunitytobecreativeandtoexpresshisownthoughts.
(6)Romanticscherishedstronginterestinthepast,especiallythemedieval.Theywereattractedbytheprimitivebecausetheprimitiveoftenwasinnocentandclosetonature.ThereweremanythingswrittenbytheromanticsabouttheAmericanIndian.TheyromanticizedtheAmericanIndianintoanoblesavagewhowasclosetonature.TheirattitudeswerequitedifferentfromPuritanswhoemphasizedthattheIndianswerewild,degeneratebarbarians.TheycomparedthemtoSatan.TheromanticswouldlookattheIndiansasclosetonatureandthereforecloseintouchwithGod.Theromanticistspaidgreatattentiontothespiritualandemotionallifeofman.Personifiednatureplaysanimportantroleinthepagesoftheirworks.
(7).Romanticswereattractedbythewild,irregular,indefinite,remote,mysterious,andthestrange.
Romanticismhasadeepinfluenceonthecontemporarytime.Today,manypeoplestillhavebeenresearchingonit.ByreadingAsYouLikeIt,onecanhaveafeelingthattherebirthofromanticism.AsyoulikeitisacomedywrittenbyShakespeare,whowasapopularplaywrightwritingforthecommercialtheaterinLondoninthe16thcentury.Shakespearewasnotcollege-educated,andalthoughhiscompanyhadthesponsorshipofKingJames,hisworkwasnotentirely"respectable.”Hehaswrittenmanyplays,includingcomedies,tragediesandsomesonnets.Hisworkhadgreatinfluencethroughagesovertheworld.TotheRomantics,however,Shakespeare’splaysaretheessenceoffolkpoetry,theultimatevindicationoftheirfaithinspontaneouscreativity.ManyEuropeandramasin19thcenturywereinfluencedbyhim.Paintersillustratedscenesfromhisplays,andcomposersbasedorchestraltonepoemsandoperasonhisnarratives.AsYouLikeItwasoneofthemostfamouscomediesofShakespeare’s.Fromthesettingofthewholestoryonecanfindthattheforestlifeisfulloftruth,kindness,beautyandlove,whichwasthelifethatthe19thromanticswereexpectingto.
II.Shakespeare’sAsYouLikeIt
A.Background
In1598,ShakespearewroteAsYouLikeIt.Anditbecomesoneofhisfourfamouscomedies.TheplaytellsatalehappeningintheForestofArdenwhichisnearthehometownStrafford–upon–Avon.Whenhewasachild,hewenttoplayinthatplace,andhadagoodmemoryaboutthatperiod.Hewasattractedbythepeaceandbeautifulviewsandexpectedtolivethere.In16ththerewasamovementhappeninginEuropewherehumanistthinkersandscholarsmadeattemptstogetridofthoseoldfeudalistideasinMedievalAge,tointroducenewideas,andtheyalsovoicedthatmandidnotonlyhaveabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwonders,Shakespearewasinfluencedbythissense,laterthesebeliefswereexpressedintheplayAsYouLikeIt.
B.Summary
Astheplayopens,DuckFredrickhasusurpedthetitleandthroneofhiselderbrother,DuckSenior.TheelderDukeandhisloyalfollowe
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