国外学生应急管理体系研究外文文献Word文档格式.docx
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国外学生应急管理体系研究外文文献Word文档格式.docx
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Nanjing,China
nancylj@
Abstract—Withtherapidgrowthofforeignstudentsscale,thesuddeneventshappeningalsoshowsascendingtrendeveryyear.Althoughsomelocalgovernmentagenciesandcollegeshaveestablishedtherelevantstudentsemergencyplan,theforeignstudentsemergencystillexists,soitisparticularlyurgenttoestablishandperfecttheemergencymanagementsystemfortheforeignstudents.Bytheclassificationofforeignstudentsemergencythecurrentsituationanddeficiencyofforeignstudentsemergencymanagementwereanalyzed.Andaseriesofprinciplesandmethodswereputforwardfbrtheconstructionofforeignstudentsemergencymanagementsystem.
Keywords—foreignstudents,suddenevents,emergencymanagementsystem,principlesandmethods
I.Introduction
Astheforeignstudentseducationcausedevelopsfast,thescaleofforeignstudentsgrowsrapidly,andforeignstudentssuddeneventsalsoshowascendingtrendeveryyear.University,asanimportantorganizationandcollegeeducationplaceinmodemsociety,hasitsowncharacteristics.Thehappeningofcollegeforeignstudentssuddeneventsnotonlyaffectthestabilityandharmonyoftheschool,butalsooftenaffectthesociety.Becauseofthespecialidentityofforeignstudents,thesuddeneventalsohastheparticularity,sensibilityandhighharmfulness.Therefore,toestablishandperfectthecollegeforeignstudentsemergencymanagementsystem,andimprovetheabilityofemergencymanagement,soastoeffectivelypreventandproperevacuationemergencies,tomaintainthesocialstability,havebecomeanurgentandimportanttaskforourcollegeinthenewera.
Atpresent,mostliteratureinemergencymanagementresearchisinclinedtoChinesestudentsfbre.g.YangLi(2010)[l],TaoYingyong(2009)[2],WangFan(2008)[3]andsoon.Theemergencymanagementresearchaboutforeignstudentsisquiterare.CuiYaya(2012)[4]analyzedtheincidenttypeandpreventivemeasures.SunFangjiao(2012)[5]summarizedandinvestigatedthesuddeneventsincollegesathomeandabroad.LiJing(2012)[6]analyzedthecausesofseveralforeignstudentssuddeneventswithactualcase,andputforwardthecorrespondingprecautionarymeasuresandcountermeasures.SunFangjiao(2012)[7]studiedthetypesofforeignstudentssuddenevents.LiYong(2011)[8]usedthebasicprincipleofpsychology,studiedanddiscussedthe
XiangtaoFan
fanxiangtao@163.com
preventionandtreatmentofforeignstudentssuddeneventscausedbypsychologicalproblems.Itisclearthatexistingliteratureabouttheemergencymanagementofforeignstudentsmainlyfocusesonsimpleexampleslistedandsummarizedandlackssystematicresearch.Therefore,furtheranalyzingforeignstudentsemergencymanagementcontentandbuildingafeasiblecollegeforeignstudentsemergencymanagementsystemhavevitalandrealisticmeaningtoimprovethelevelofsafetymanagementincolleges.
ILBACKGROUNDOFCOLLEGEEMERGENCYMANAGEMENT
A.Tnc.re.asp.ofInternationalStudent
TheworkofinternationalstudentsisanimportantpartofChina'
seducationandtheinternationaleducationcooperationandexchange,andanindispensablepartofChina'
shighereducationgoesintotheworldtoparticipateininternationalcompetition.Studyingabroadiscloselyrelatedwithourinternationalpolitics,diplomacy,education,economy,culture,militaryandotherwork.Atthesametime,ithaspromotedtherapiddevelopmentofinternationaleducationservicesandmadegreatcontributionstothenationaleconomicandsocialdevelopment.Therefore,greatsignificancehasbeenattachedtotheinternationalstudentsworkbythecentralleadership,theMinistryofEducation,localgovernments,universitiesandforeigngovernment.Inrecentyears,thescaleofforeignstudentsinChinaexpandsrapidly,andthegrowthrateofinternationalstudentsinChinaisashighas20%averageannual.By2011,thetotalnumberofforeignstudentsstudyinginChinais290000forthefirsttime.Duetotheeffectivemanagementandpropereducationofrelevantunits,emergencydidnotincreasesignificantlywiththeexpansionofforeignstudentsstudyinginChina,butinsuchabiginternationalstudentgroup,someeventssuchastrafficaccidents,suddendiseases,injuriesanddeathsoccasionallyhappened,whichnotonlybroughtaboutlossoftheinternationalstudentlifeandproperty,butalsointerferedwiththenormalteachingandmanagementorder.Ifprocessingisundeserved,itwillbringadverseeffecttothecollegeandsocialstabilityaswellasChina*sinternationalreputation.
B.TheRapidDevelopmentofPublicEmergencyManagement
Practice
Theemergencypracticeledbythegovernmenthasreceivedfruitfulresults,andthemostrepresentativeisthepropositionandpromotionof"
acaseofthreesystems'
*,thatistheemergencyplan,includingemergencysystem,emergencymechanismandtheemergencylegalsystem.Atpresent,emergencymanagementofficeshavebeensetupatalllevelsfromtheStateCouncilofficetolocalgovernments,andthenationalemergencysystemhasbeenpreliminarilyformed.Theexistingemergencymechanismbasicallyincludes:
preventionmechanism,earlywarningmechanism,informationreportmechanism,informationreleasemechanism,rehabilitationmechanism,surveyandevaluationmechanism,emergencysafeguardmechanism,etc.Intheemergencylegalsystemfield,inadditionto"
emergencyresponselawofthepeople'
sRepublicofChina"
andaseriesoflegalmeasures,someprovincesandcitieshavepromulgatedanumberofnormativeregulationsaimingatdifferenttypesofemergency;
anumerousandcomplexhandlingemergencytightnetworkhasbeenformed,whichprovidesauniformparadigmforthewholenation,eachregionanddepartment.Collegesanduniversitieshaveaccumulatedrichexperienceinpractice,emergencyconsciousnesshasreallyformedandemergencymanagementhavelaidagoodbasis.
C.EnhancementoftheCollegeStudentsSubjective
Awareness
Collegestudentssubjectiveconsciousnesshasbeenenhanced,showingthebehaviorstandardofequalitypursuit,contractfreedom,mutualwin-winandresponsibility.Intheirbehavioraremanifestedindividualityandequality,withnosignofweaknessandintolerance.Thereasonabledemandsareachallengetouniversitymanagers.Ifthemanagersdonotunderstandthestudentsthinkingandbehaviorcharacteristics,theycannotadapttothenewdevelopmentofstudents,whichisboundtotriggerstudents*dissatisfactionandproducehiddentrouble.Theconceptofhigherschooleducationandmanagementispeople-orientedanditsmostessentialperformanceistheguaranteeofstudents“personal”safety.Fromalegalperspective,duringtheperiodinschool,althoughthelawdoesnotclearlydefineguardianshipbetweenstudentsandcolleges,theremustexistacontractualrelationshipbetweenstudentsanduniversities.Studentsecurityhasbecomeainescapableresponsibilityandobligationofcolleges.Withtheestablishmentoftheaccountabilitysystem,iftherelevantpersonneldidnotfulfillitsduty,theywillbepunished.Withthemanagers,especiallyseniorleadershipcontingencyawarenessandresponsibilitysensehavegraduallydeepened,andstrengtheningemergencymanagementwillbecometheirspontaneouspathselection.
HI.Classificationoftheforeignstudents
EMERGENCIES
Theemergenciesherearetheincidents,whichhappentotheforeignstudentsandsuddenlyhappeninacertainarea,andwhichmayposeathreattolifeandpropertyorwillaffectsocialstabilityanddiplomaticproblem.Collegeforeignstudentemergencyvarietiescanbesummarizedinthefollowing.
A.NaturalDisaster
Naturaldisastersincludetheforeignstudentspersonalinjuryortheirlifeinfluencecausedbymeteorological,oceanic,earthquake,flood,drought,andgeologicaldisasters.
B.PublicSecurity
Publicsecurityemergenciesmainlyrefertoemergenciesthatinfluencesocialorcampusstabilityandsafetyabouttheforeignstudents,suchasallkindsofillegalgathering,demonstration,fightaffray,illegalmissionaryactivity,riot,collectivestrike,etc.
C.TheCriminalSection
Thecriminalsectionincludesviolentcrimes,largeamountoftheftcases,poisoningcasesanddrugaddictcases,bombings,involvinghighlytoxicdrugs,radioactivesubstancescase,arsoncase,etc.
D.AccidentCasualties
Thisiscausedbyallkindsofaccidentsandincidents,suchasfire,trafficaccident,thecollapseofbuildings,collectivestampingetc.
E.PsychiatricEmergency
Thisincludesdepression,mania,runningaway,missing,andabnormaldeathincidentscausedbymentalproblemsoranonymity.
F.HealthEmergency
Thisreferstotheemergenciescausinginternationalstudentlifeandhealthdamage,suchasfoodpoisoning,infectiousdisease,groupunknowndisease,etc.
G.GreatInternationalEmergency
ThisreferstothebilateralormultilateralconflictsbetweendifferentcountriesforeignstudentsorbetweenforeignstudentsandChinesecitizens.
IV.Currentsituationofforeignstudents
EMERGENCYMANAGEMENT
Facingthemoreandmoreincidentsinvolvedinforeignstudents,manyregionsanduniversitieshaveestablishedcorrespondingemergencyplan,fore.g."
thespecificationofdealingwithforeignstudentsemergencyinChina"
(TheMinistryofEducation,discussionpaper),"
AccidentpreventionandemergencyevacuationplanofBeijingcollegeforeignstudents”(BeijingEducationalCommittee),“Emergencyplanondealingwithsuddeneventsabout
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