中国和英语国家的身体语言比较研究.docx
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中国和英语国家的身体语言比较研究.docx
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中国和英语国家的身体语言比较研究
AcomparativestudyofbodylanguagebetweenChineseandEnglish-speakingcountries
中国和英语国家的身体语言比较研究
目录
Abstract4
[摘要]5
Introduction6
Chapter1Importanceoflearningbodylanguage7
Chapter2Thepragmaticfunctionsofbodylanguage10
2.1Added10
2.2Alternative11
2.3EmotionalExpression11
2.4Enhancements11
2.5Symbolic12
Chaper3Abriefintroductionofgestures12
3.1theimpactofculturegestures12
3.1.1Chineseculturetotheinfluenceofgestures13
3.1.1.1Gestureofreligiousinfluence15
3.1.1.2DuetotheinfluenceofConfucianism16
3.1.2Theculturalinfluenceofgestures17
Chaper4AcomparativestudyofbodylanguagebetweenChineseandEnglish-speakingcountries18
4.1comparativestudiesofgestures19
4.1.1Thesamegesturehasdifferentmeaningsindifferentcultures20
4.1.2Differentgestureswiththesamemeaning20
4.1.3Attitudeandmeaninginoneculturenoequivalentintheotherculture20
4.2Contrastresearchposition22
4.3Comparativestudiesoffacialexpressions24
4.4comparisonofeyecontact25
Conclusion26
Bibliography28
Abstract
Inhumancommunication,peopleusebodylanguagetocommunicate.Bodylanguageplaysanimportantroleinthesupplement,Re-reading,symbolorinsteadofutterancemeaning.Bodylanguage,likeverballanguage,isalsoapartofculture.Butindifferentculturesbodylanguagemeansthedifferentthings.Differentpeoplehavedifferentwaystononverbalcommunication.UnderstandthedifferentculturalconnotationsbetweenEnglishandChinesebodylanguagecanpromotepeople’scross-culturalcommunicationability,strengthentheunderstandingandeventuallytalktowillbegoodforpeoplecommunicationbetweenEnglishandChinese.Thispaperexpoundsthefeaturesandfunctions,thispaperintroducesthemeaningsofbodylanguage,thestudyofculturaldifferencesinbodylanguageinEnglishandChinese,especiallythoseingestures,posture,facialexpressions,eyecontactandbodydistance,anddiscusstheimportanceofknowculturalmeanings.StudyofEnglishandChinesebodylanguageinnonverbalcommunicationcanhelppeopletoreduceoravoidmisunderstandingscausedbytheculturaldifferencesofbodylanguage.
KeyWords:
bodylanguage,English-speakingcountries,China,contrast
[摘要]在人类的沟通,人们用身体语言交流。
肢体语言起着重要的作用在补充、重读、符号或相反的话语意义。
肢体语言,像口头语言,也是一种文化的一部分.但在不同文化的肢体语言意味着不同的东西。
不同的人有不同的方式来非语言沟通。
了解不同的文化内涵和英语在中国的身体语言可以促进人们的跨文化交际能力,加强理解和最终将有利于人们之间的交流英语和中文。
阐述了特征和功能,介绍了身体语言的含义,研究文化差异在身体语言在英语和中文,特别是在那些手势、姿势、面部表情、目光接触、身体距离,并讨论文化含义的重要性的认识。
学习英语和中国的身体语言在非语言交流可以帮助人们减少或避免误解所致的肢体语言的文化差异。
[关键词]身势语,英语国家,中国,对比
Introduction
Humancommunicationincludesverbalcommunicationandnonverbalcommunication.Nonverbalcommunicationplaysaveryimportantroleinthewholecommunication.Someexpertssay,morethan60%ofthecommunicationfromnon-verbalbehavior,suchasfacialexpressions,posture,andsoon.Thisnon-verbalbehaviorisalwayshavingmanymeanings.Oneexpertestimatesthatabout30percentoforalcommunicationoccupiesthewholecommunicationbehavior."Americanlinguistconfirmedtheteapotinafacetofacecommunication,onlyabout35percentofthemessageissentbyverbalbehaviorandnonverbalbehavior,wassenttotheothers."[1]Verbalandnonverbalbehaviors,whichareboththeimportantpartsofhumancommunication,canexpressthefeeling,interactingideasandsendmessages.Theyareindispensabletools,canmeetthehumancommunication.
Bodylanguageisalsocalledkinesics,includingeyecontact,gestures,posture,facialexpressionsandbodydistance.Asanimportantnon-verbalcommunicationway,gesturesissilent,thereallanguage,canexpresspeople'sfeelings.Theyareapartofnationalculture.
Sinceancienttimes,thewesterncountries,aopenedhispalmtodisplayhonesty,sincerity,loyaltyandobedience,sopeopleoftenusethisgesturewhentheyswear.Since3000yearsagoinChina,theChinesehavebeenusing"holdthefistsalute"astheirmeetingetiquettetoshowmodestyandrespectforothers.
Chapter1Importanceoflearningbodylanguage
Whatisbodylanguage?
Itisdefinedinbothbroadandnarrowsenses.Narrowsense,bodylanguage,includingbodymovementsandfacialexpressions,itcansendmessages.Astothebroadone,itincludesgesture,posture,facialexpressions,timbreofthespeaker,distancebetweenspeakerandlistener,andclothesofthespeaker.[2]Inthesocialinteraction,whenweconversewithothers,wecommunicatebymuchmorethanwords.Ourexpressions,gesturesandotherbodymovementstoconveyinformationtotherestofus.Bodylanguageexistsineveryculture,butnotallbodylanguagemeansthesamethingindifferentcultures.Differentpeoplehavedifferentwaystononverbalcommunication.Ththeansweris"no"atthebeginninginthispaper.Globalvillagepeoplewillbecomemoreandmoresmall,moreimportantisforpeopleintheculturalandlanguagebarrierstocommunication,especiallythosewhohavespokenlanguagebarrier.Infact,bodylanguage,moreimportantly,peoplefromotherculturesthanthemachine.Forlocalpeople,speakingisthemostimportantcommunicationtool.
Bodylanguageisveryimportant,becauseweusethebehaviourofotherstounderstandtheiremotionsemotionalstate.Studieshaveshownthatsometimesnonverbalsignalsplayamoredecisiverolethanlanguageinformationindeterminingtheeffectofcommunication.Nonverbalcommunicationisalsoimportanttostudycross-culturalcommunication,becausealotofnonverbalbehaviorspeaksauniversallanguage.Butitisalsoimportanttoknowdifferentmeaningsofthesamebodylanguageindifferentcultures.Onlywhenwegetacomprehensiveunderstandingofbodylanguageindifferentcultures,wecandoaneffectiveinternationalcommunication.Bodylanguageisanextensionofthought.Ithasbeenusedforcenturiesthancommonlangragebetweencultures.Thisisanimportantpartoftheinletyoucommunicateeffectivelyconveyinformationanddeterminethemessagesofothers.Bodyishowdoweknowwhenlangragesomeonedishonestorfeelanemotion,itishowweknowsomeoneisreflectedinwhattosay.Knowledgeispower,theeyehasspendtimeandenergytofamiliarwithotherexhibitionofbodylanguage,especiallyintheglobalcontext,andfamiliarwithyourown.[3]
Bodylanguagehasthreemajorfunctions:
assisting,substituting,andexpressionorhidingemotionalfeelings.[2]Emotionisthemostcomplicatedthingofhumanbeing.Expressinnerfeelingsismoredifficult.Ascommunicatedbyexperts,rarelytoexpresshiscomplexhumanmoodwords,insomecases,itisnotaccuratewordscanexpress.Thoughtheyexpresstheoralvocabulary,theyusuallyperformgestureswithit.Thisisbecausethebodylanguagethanwordsmoreadeptatcommunicationofemotionalexpression.Forexample,Chinesepeople,said,"yes,"andreduceeyemaymean,"no",becausesometimestheyfeelreluctanttodestroytheharmoniousrelationshipbydirectlysayso(forexample,whenthefatheraskedyoutodosomethingyoudon'tlikeit,youmaysay"yes"inordertokeepaharmoniousrelationship,dad).InmainstreamAmericanculturearms,facethedealwiththepain,oranger,handtwistedanxiety,isapowerfulemotionalcommunication.Whenpeoplearesad,cryingmaybemoreappropriatewordstoexpressit.Believeyoumorethanthink,forexample,agroupofchildrenwereexcitedwhentheyjumpupanddownmorethaniftheysimplystate,"weareveryexcited."
Chapter2Thepragmaticfunctionsofbodylanguage
Bodylanguagehasitsuniquepragmaticfunctionsininterpersonalinteraction.Itisdividedintofivetypesoffunctions:
add,replace,emotionalexpression,stress,andsymbolicrole.
2.1Added
CAMisusedtocomplete,description,orbodylanguagecluestospeech.Bodylanguageisaddedsomeinformationtotheverbalmessage.Whentalkaboutbuyabighouse,forexample,he/sheshowsgreatishis/herhand.
2.2Alternative
Usebodylanguagetoreplacetheverbalmessageisreferredtoasareplacement.Bodylanguagecaninsteadofthespeechacttoconveyaspecificmeaning.Peopleoftennoddingtheheadtoexpressdidn'tsaytheword"yes".
2.3EmotionalExpression
Themostobviousfunctionofbodylanguageisanexpressionofemotion.Whenpeoplecommunicate,theycanexpresstheirfeelingsthroughavarietyofsignsorbehaviors.Whenspeakingtothem,theywillmakedifferentfacialexpressionsandgestureshavenoself-awareness,oftenspilltheirimpact,oridea.
2.4Enhancements
Alongwiththebodylanguageoftencanincreasethepoweroflanguageinformation.Astrongaction,exaggeratedfacialexpressionsto"accent"newsoftheplan.Bodylanguagecanalsobeusedalonetoconveyaspecificmeaning.
2.5Symbolic
Symbolofthegestureisusuallycommonformalities.Theyaretraditional.Becausetheyarelimitedbycertaintraditionalcultureandbelongtosomecountries,theycanonlybeusedinsomespecificculture.
Chaper3Abriefintroductionofgestures
Gestureisaformofbodylanguage,visiblebodyforspecificinformationexchanges,whetherintheplaceofspeechortogether,andoralvocabulary.Gestureisaparticularcultureandcanconveyverydifferentmeaningsindifferentsocietyorculturalbackground.Althoughsomegestures,suchastheubiquitous,pointingtodifferentbehaviorfromoneplacetoanother,mostgesturesdon'thaveinvariableoruniversalmeaningsbutshowspecificmeaning,especiallycultural.Asingleemblematicgesturecanhaveverydifferentsignificanceindifferentculturalcontexts,rangingfromcomplimentarytohighlyoffensive.[4]
3.1theimpactofculturegestures
Incross-culturalcommunication,wemustclearlyunderstandtherelationshipbetweennonverb
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- 关 键 词:
- 中国 英语 国家 身体语言 比较 研究
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