专题十一 概要写作试题部分.docx
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专题十一 概要写作试题部分.docx
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专题十一概要写作试题部分
专题十一 概要写作
【考情探究】
考点
所给信息特点
考情分析
2019浙江6月
2018浙江11月
2018浙江6月
2017浙江11月
2017浙江6月
2016浙江10月
概要写作
语篇类型
议论文
议论文
轮空
轮空
轮空
轮空
话题
如何有效表扬孩子
建议申请者参观即将去读的大学
词数
342
349
分析解读
1.考查方式
提供一篇350词以内的短文,要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。
2.考查能力
要求考生在正确理解文章的基础上,在不改变原文中心思想的前提下,用简明、精炼的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点。
概要写作的文章将主要考虑以下内容:
(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况;
(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;
(3)上下文的连贯性;
(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。
3.考查趋势
(1)概要写作考试的设题形式将保持稳定,选材主要是说明文和议论文;
(2)文章结构比较清楚,但文章难度会稳中有升,略高于阅读理解的文章;
(3)文章取材大多会来自国外报刊网站。
【真题探秘】
真题再现
It'sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.Nothingwillgiveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybeliketoliveonacollegecampus(校园)likevisitingandseeingforyourselfthedorms,classroomsandathleticequipmentand,ofcourse,thestudents.Itseemsalittlecrazyoncesenioryearhitstofindthetimetovisitcollegecampuses,anditcanalsobepriceyiftheschoolsyouareapplyingtohappentobemorethanacarrideaway.Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife,anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.
There'snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.Infact,alotofcollegeapplicationsevenaskifyouhavevisitedcampus,andobviously,ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon'tbeasmuchofapossibility,butifyoulivenearby,gocheckitout!
Ifcampusvisitsaren'tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply,attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou'dliketoattend.Itcansaveyoualotofheartacheifyouruleoutnowthethingsthatyoudon'tlikeaboutcertaincampuses,thingsthatyouwouldn'tknowunlessyouactuallyvisit.
Now,iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible,thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.It'sachancetochatonlinewithadmissionsofficers,students,andcollegecounselors(顾问),anditwon'tcostyouapenny!
Youcanregisterforitsonlinecollegefairat.Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan'ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit,itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou'dliketoattend.
阅读点拨
本文采用了总分结构,每一段的第一句都是主旨句,能帮助考生迅速把握文章和段落大意。
1.文章大意
在你申请之前参观一下大学是个好主意。
2.段落大意
第二段:
没有理由不去参观你所在地区的学校。
第三段:
你应该在申请和得到录取通知书之间找到一些时间来参观学校。
第四段:
如果无法亲自参观的话,可以登录网站了解相关的信息。
【高分作文写作过程详解】
1.获取主旨大意,寻找支持信息
(1)文章主旨句
It'sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapply...
(2)段落主旨句
Paragraph2:
There'snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.
Paragraph4:
...checkouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollege-WeekLive.
(3)支持句
第四段中的itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou'dliketoattend可以看作是对段落主旨句的进一步解释和说明。
2.立足文章结构,筛选主要信息
本文为议论文,文章采用了总分结构,全文主旨大意是第一级信息,各段落主旨大意是第二级信息,它们必须作为主要信息写入概要。
根据本文实际,段落支持信息不再写入概要。
3.分析句子关系,提炼关键词
本文为议论文,visitcolleges、visittheschools、checkouttheonlinecollegefairs等词语为关键词,它们是概要写作的基础和核心。
4.依据逻辑关系,整合相关信息
(1)可利用同位语将文章主旨句和第二段的主旨句进行整合:
It'sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapply,especiallytheonesinyourlocalarea.
(2)可利用定语从句将最后一段的段落主旨句和支持句进行整合:
CheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLivethatwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecision.
5.忠于原文思想,变换表达方式
It'sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapply,especiallytheonesinyourlocalarea.
→It'swiseofyoutovisitcollegesbeforeyouapply,especiallytheonesclosetoyou.
6.运用衔接手段,确保行文连贯
Itiswiseofyoutopayapersonalvisittocolleges,especiallytheonesclosetoyou.(使用副词especially增强了上下文之间的连贯性)
参考范文
五档作文
满分作文
【五年高考】
(2019浙江6月)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBerman,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says,“We'vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict.”Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey'rebuildingtheirchildren'sconfidence,when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat'sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents'praisehasputthem.
Still,don'tgotoofarintheotherdirection.Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.Kidswillfeellikethey'renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon'tcareand,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.
Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?
Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward.“Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren'seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal,”saysDonahue,authorofParentingWithoutFear:
LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters.“Onethingtorememberisthatit'stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.”
Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.Butifhe'soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabookreport.Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate(相称的)totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit.
答案
[写作提示]
1.本文是一篇议论文。
文章论述了如何有效表扬孩子的问题。
文章结构清楚,论点明确。
2.文章第一段指出过度的表扬不利于孩子的成长。
第二段认为不表扬孩子也不好。
第三段指出了表扬的核心:
要关注过程而非结果。
最后一段指出,我们要表扬孩子的努力,不必太过关注结果。
3.针对此类文章最好在概要中加入主旨句,先对文章的总体内容给予介绍。
Onepossibleversion:
Howtopraiseourkidsisreallyasensitiveproblem.(主旨)Expertsbelievethattoomuchpraiseorpraisingthekidsinawrongwaymayhaveoppositeeffectsonchildren.(要点1)Ontheotherhand,nopraisealsodoesharmtokids'development.(要点2)Togainthebestresult,ourpraiseshouldfocusontheprocessratherthantheendproduct.(要点3)Therefore,whatweshouldpraiseisourkids'propereffort,regardlessoftheresult.(要点4)
【三年模拟】
A组 2018—2020年模拟·基础题组
Writing1(2020届山东济宁鱼台一中期中)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Smokingawholepacketofcigarettesinadayonceortwiceayearwouldcertainlymakesomeonefeelill,butprobablywouldnotkillhim.Smokingevenonecigaretteeverydayfordecades,though,mightdoso.Thatisthedifferencebetweentheacuteexposureandthechronic(慢性的)one,anditisadifferencethatmostpeopleunderstand.Whattheymaynotunderstandisthatthesamethingappliestoairpollution.
Onaday-to-daybasis,theforecastsmostEuropeancitiesofferturnredonlywhenpollutionlevelsrisetoapointwheretheywillcauseimmediatediscomfort.Thatmakessense,butitmightalsomakethebadly-informedcitizensthinkthatifmostdaysintheplacewheretheylivearegreen,theairthey'rebreathingisbasicallysafe.Thismaynotbethecase.Forexample,inLondonwherethenationaldatasaidairqualitywas“good”or“verygood”fourdaysoutoffive,astudyfoundthatlevelsofNO2werealwayshigherthantheWHO'slimitofalong-termdanger.
Officialdataalsofailtonoticepatternsofdifferencewithinaday.Thesecanbeimportant,becausepeoplemightbeabletochangetheirbehavioriftheyunderstoodthem.Ourstudysuggests,forexample,thatParisianswhoheadoutforworkat9a.m.andreturnat6p.m.couldreducetheiraveragedailyintakeofNO2by16%bytravelingbothwaysanhourearlier.Goingtwohoursearlierwouldcuttheintakeby28%.
Thebestadviceofalltopeopleinthesecities,though,istomovetoAmerica.InNewYork,levelsofNO2were20%belowtheWHOlimit,andthatisprettytypicalofplacesintheUnitedStates,wherediesel(柴油)islesscommonthanthatinEurope.AsthewordsontheStatueofLibertysay,“Givemeyourtired,yourpoor,yourhuddled(蜷缩的)massesyearningtobreathefree.”
答案
[写作提示]
本文是一篇说明文。
文章认为空气污染即使很轻微,长期污染也会有害健康。
1.本文共分四段:
第一段引出下文要谈论的话题,接下来三个段落对空气污染的话题展开论述并提出解决问题的对策。
2.概要可以从每个自然段提取核心信息,组成四个要点。
3.注意各个要点之间的自然衔接。
Onepossibleversion:
Likecigarettes,airpollutioncanbemild,butitisalsoharmfultohumanhealthinthelongterm.(要点1)Theforecastssayingdaysaregreendon'tmeantheairisabsolutelysafetobreathe.(要点2)MostEuropeancitizensarenotinformedofthedifferentpatternsofpollutionwithinaday.(要点3)ThesepeopleareadvisedtomovetoAmerica,wheretheairisquiteclean.(要点4)
Writing2(2020届浙江杭州三校一模)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
ItwasoncecommontoregardBritainasasocietywithclassdistinction.Eachclasshaduniquecharacteristics.Inrecentyears,manywritershavebeguntospeakofthe“declineofclass”and“classlesssociety”inBritain.Andinmoderndayconsumersocietyeveryoneisconsideredtobemiddleclass.
Butpronouncingthedeathofclassistooearly.Arecentwide-rangingstudyofpublicopinionfound90percentofpeoplestillplacingthemselvesinaparticularclass;73percentagreedthatclasswasstillavitalpartofBritishsociety;and52percentthoughttherewerestillsharpclassdifferences.Thus,classmaynotbeculturallyandpoliticallyobvious,yetitremainsanimportantpartofBritishsociety.Britainseemstohavealoveofclasses.
OneunchangingaspectofaBritishperson'sclasspositionisaccent.Thewordsapersonspeaksshowherorhisclass.AstudyofBritishaccentsduringthe1970sfoundthatavoicesoundinglikeaBBCnewsreaderwasviewedasthemostattractivevoice.Mostpeoplesa
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