what和that在名词性从句中的用法区别.doc
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what和that在名词性从句中的用法区别.doc
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What和that在名词性从句中的用法区别
What和that都可以引导名词性从句。
一.在引导名词性从句时,从属连词that一般要注意三个不(threenos):
1.不省略(noellipsis)
当从属连词that引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时,that不省略。
Eg.1)Thathewasabletocomemadeushappy.(That引导主语从句不可省略)
2)ThetruthisthatIdidn’tgothere.(that引导表语从句不可省略)
3)Thenewsthatourteamhaswonistrue.(that引导同位语从句不可省略)
但在非正式文体中that引导宾语从句时可以省略,除下列两种情况外:
that在宾语从句中不能省略的情况.
(1).在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that,从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略.
Eg:
4)HemadeitquiteclearthathepreferredtostudyEnglish.(that不可以省略)
他很明确地说他宁愿学习英语。
(2).由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,则第二个宾语从句前的that不省略。
Eg:
5)Hetoldmethathewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.(第一个That可以省略,但第二个that不可以省略。
)他告诉我他将来而且他将准时来。
2.不作成分(nocomponent)
that在名词性从句中不作任何句子成分。
Eg.6)SydneykepthispromisethathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness.(that在句中引导同位语从句,但在句中不作任何成分)
7))Thatyoudon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.(that在句中引导主语从句,但在句中不作任何成分,也不省略)
3.没词义(nomeaning)
that在名词性从句中没有汉语意思。
Eg.8)Thatsheisarichwomanisknowntous.(that在句中引导主语从句,但在句中没有汉语意义)
她是一个很有钱的女子,这一点我们都知道。
9)Thethoughtthathemightfailintheexamworriedhim.(that在句中引导同位语从句,但在句中没有汉语意义)
他也许会考试失败,这一想法使他很担心。
二.在引导名词性从句时,What一般要注意一个不(oneno),一个有(meaning),一个作(component):
1.不省略
what引导名词性从句时,what在句中不省略。
这一用法与that用法不尽相同。
eg.10)WhatIhadforbreakfasttodaywasricewithegg.(what在句中引导主语从句,what不省略)
11)----Ithinkit’sgoingtobeabigproblem.
----Yes,itcouldbe.
----Iwonderwhatwecandoabout.(what在句中引导宾语从句,但在句中不省略)
2.有词义
what引导名词性从句时,有词义。
一般是“----的东西/事情/话等”这一用法与that用法不一样
eg.1)Thisiswhatshewantedtoshowus.(what在句中引导表语从句,在句中有词义,意思是“----的东西、事情)这是她想让我们看的东西。
12)Whattheteachersaidhadagoodeffectonthechildren.(what在句中引导主语从句,在句中有词义,意思是“----的东西、事情)老师所说的话对孩子们有很好的作用。
3.作成分
what在引导名词性从句时,在从句中充当成分。
这一用法与that用法不一样。
Eg.13)Itdoesn’tmatterwhathesaid.(it是形式主语,what在句中引导主语从句。
What在主语从句中作said的宾语。
)
14)Itwastrue______Alicedidsurprisedhermother.
A.thatwhatB.whatthatC.thatthatD.allwhat
评析:
这一题正确答案是A。
it在句中是形式主语,that引导的是主语从句thatAlicedidsurprisedhermother.,在这个主语从句当中,what又引导了主语从句whatAlicedid,what在从句中作did的宾语。
三.要特别提醒同学们的两点:
1.What所引导的从句可以在介词后作宾语,而that从句一般不可以。
Eg:
15)Aftermonthsofvoyage,Columbusarrivedin_____laterprovedtobeanewcontinent.
A.whereB.whichC.whatD.that
评析:
答案是C。
因为在介词in后面,应该用what引导的宾语从句,what在宾语从句中作主语。
而that不可以这样用。
16)Onsteppingintohisroom,hewasastonishedtofindthefloorcoveredwith_____lookedliketinyinsects.
A.thatB.somethingC.whatD.anything
评析:
答案是C。
因为在介词with后面,应该用what引导的宾语从句,what在宾语从句中作主语。
而that不可以这样用。
2.that可以引导定语从句,而且是定语从句引导词中的顶梁柱,它在定语从句中要充当成分,通常作定语从句中的主语、宾语。
同时that也可以引导名词性从句,在名词性从句中that不充当成分。
但What不可以引导定语从句。
它只可以引导名词性从句,在句中相当于what=allthat,what在名词性从句中充当成分,常常作主语、宾语和表语。
Eg:
17).All_____Iwanttoknowiswhathemeant.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whatever
评析:
答案是A.本题是that引导的定语从句。
而what不可以引导定语从句。
What=allthat.又因为先行词是all,故其后不可以接which引导的定语从句。
而.Whatever=anythingthat/nomatterwhat从意义和语法都不符合。
所以只能选A,that.
18)______impressedmemostwas______suchalittleboycouldplaytheviolinsowell.
A.That;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.What;what
评析:
答案是B.第一空是what引导的主语从句,并在主语从句中作主语。
第二空是that引导的表语从句,that在表语从句中不省略,不作成分,也没词义。
要真正掌握What和that在名词性从句中的用法,还得多多操练,熟能生巧(Practicemakesperferct)。
练习:
一.改错题:
1.Whatwealllikehimiscertain.
2.Heleftiscertain.
3.IwishedthatwecouldgotoBeijingthissummerandwecouldbuysomebooksonourwayback
4.Hisdelayisduetothefactthecarwentwronghalfway.
5.Theideawhichtheworldmaybedestroyedbynuclearweaponscametohim.
6.Thenewsourteamhaswonistrue.
7.Hesaidthathehadmadeabigmistakeandhefeltverysorryforit.
8.Thereasonhedidnotcomeishewasill.
9.Hisdelayisduetothefactthecarwentwronghalfway.
10.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:
Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactlythathewants.
Keys:
1.(what→That)2.(he前加that)3.(在and后加that)4.(在thecar前加that)5.(which→that)6.(在news后加that)7.(第一个that可以省略,但第二个that不可以省略。
所以要在and后加that)8.(在is后加that))9.(在fact后加that)10.(将that改what)
二)高考题:
11.[92]Itworriedherabit______herhairwasturnedgrey.
A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for
12.[93]_____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.
A.WhatB.That
C.ThefactD.Thematter
13.[96]_____wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan_____wehave.
A.What/whatB.What/that
C.That/thatD.That/what
14.[98]_____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.
A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where
15.[01]Acomputercanonlydo_____you’veinstructedittodo.
A.howB.afterC.whatD.when
Keys:
11-15BAAAC
三)选择题:
16.Airtousis______watertofish.
A.whatB.thatC./D.like
17.Chinaisnot_____itusedtobe.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD./
18.After______seemedtobetenyearslater,hereturnedtohishometown.
A.whatB.thatC./D.which
19.Therearesigns______restaurantsarebecomingmorepopularwithfamilies.
A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.whose
20.Itisprettywellunderstood______controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.
A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how
21.______fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturedifferencesfromoneaspect.
A.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which
22.----Whatmadeherparentssoangry?
----______shehadfailedintheexam.
A.AsB.BecauseC.SinceD.That
23.Informationhasbeenputforward______moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.
A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as
24.----Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?
----Oh,that’s______.
A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedabout
C.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited
25.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_______roadconditionsneed_______.
A.that,tobeimprovedB.which,tobeimprovedC.where,improvingD.when,improving
26.Wordhascome______someforeignguestswillcometoourschool.
A.thatB.whetherC.whichD.what
27.Noonecanbesure______inamillionyears.
A.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklikeC.whatlookwilllikeman
D.whatlookwillmanlike.
28.____puzzledthepoliceespeciallywas______themurdererdied.
A.Thething;thatB.That;howC.What;howD.Which;how
29.Sometimesweareasked_____thelikelyresultofanactionwillbe.
A.thatwethinkB.whatwethinkC.whatdoyouthinkD.ifwethink
30.Thefiredestroyedall_____wasinthebuilding.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.how
31.It’scertain_____hewillcometoourrescue.
A.whetherB.whatC.thatD.if
32.I’msure______thingswillgetbetterand______wewillgetoutofthetroublesoon.
A.that;whichB./;/C./;thatD.that;/
33.Hewassopleasedwithall______wehaddoneforhim______hewroteusalettertopraiseusforit.A.what;whatB.what;thatC.that;whatD.that;that
34.Wasitinhisoffice______themanagermadeapromise______hewouldgivemepromotion?
A.when;thatB.that;thatC.when;whichD.onwhich;what
35.Thereisnodoubt_____Chinawillcatchupwiththedevelopedcountries.
A.whichB.thatC.whetherD.what
36._____hedidwellintheexaminationmadehimhappy.
A.WhatB.WhichC.ThatD.When
37.Thereisapopularbeliefamongthestudents_____onecannothopetoachievesuccesswithouthardwork.A.whichB.thatC./D.what
38.Whodiscoveredthetruth______theearthgoesroundthesun?
A.whichB.whatC.whenD.that
39.BysuccessIdon’tmean______usuallythoughtofwhenthatwordisused.
A.whatisB.thatweC.asyouD.allis
40.AlthoughAnneishappywithhersuccessshewonders______willhappentoherprivatelife.
A.thisB.itC.whatD.that
Keys:
16-20ABAAC21-25BDBAA26-30AACBC
31-35CCDBB36-40CBDAC
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