雅思大作文概述 (课堂PPT)PPT推荐.pptx
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雅思大作文概述 (课堂PPT)PPT推荐.pptx
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VocabularyandSentenceStructure(词汇与句子结构)。
雅思作文概述,5,CoherenceandCohesion指的是文章通过一定的衔接手段(CohesiveDevices)来表明上下文的连贯性(Coherence)。
衔接手段,或叫语篇纽带,经常用的有(logical)逻辑、(grammatical)语法和(semantic)语义三方面的连接词(connectors)。
VocabularyandSentenceStructure指的是文章的语言表达。
5分或5分以下的作文一般语法错误较多。
6分作文则一般没有致命的语法错误,用词和句子基本准确。
而7分以上的作文用词丰富(Variety)、句子结构复杂(Complexity)。
雅思作文概述,6,Task2(议论文)的三方面评分标准是:
Arguments,IdeasandEvidence(论证,论点和论据);
CommunicativeQuality(交流质量);
Arguments,Ideasandevidence涉及对于议论文的内容要求。
具体说来,应该是内容切题,论据合理,论证充分。
大作文评分标准,7,一、任务完成情况(TaskResponse)内容是否切题(Content)找准topicandtopicquestions立场是否鲜明并有效阐释(Position)主题句topicsentence放在文章首段,开明见山表明立场,只能1个论点mainideas放在中间段首句,论点须有2个以上论据supportingpoints放在论点后,包括证据evidence,例子examples等,大作文评分标准,8,结构是否有逻辑性(Structure)引言introduction涵盖主题、写作任务和主题句主体body包括足够的论点、论据结论conclusion重申观点、提出建议或者展望未来,大作文评分标准,9,二、连贯与衔接(CoherenceandCohesion)文章段与段,句与句之间的衔接段落之间的“转”“承”“启”“合”表开始:
firstofall,inthefirstplace,attheverybeginning,tobeginwith,currently,atpresent,foronething等表承接:
besides,furthermore,inaddition,moreover,whatsmore,meanwhile,apartfrom,aswellas,similarly,inthesameway,大作文评分标准,10,表转折:
however,whereas,while,onthecontrary,incontrast,ontheotherhand表结论:
inconclusion,inbrief,inshort,tosumup,ultimately,overall表原因:
because(of),accordingly,dueto,owingto,forthisreason,since,asresult,asaconsequence表观点:
inmyopinion,personally,frommyviewpoint,itseemstome,itiscleartomethat,asfarasIamconcerned,大作文评分标准,11,表举例说明:
forexample,forinstance,asfollows,suchas,thatistosay,namely,justas,inparticular表让步:
althouth,inspiteof,despiteof,despitethefactthat,regardlessof,大作文评分标准,12,三、词汇资源(LexicalResources)词汇多少不能决定文章好坏,但用词精确性可以加分用词难度的拔高近义词多种表达上提升,大作文评分标准,13,四、语法多样性与准确性(GrammaticalRangeandAccuracy)句子结构的准确性(主谓一致/句子平衡)句子结构的丰富性(不同句式/不重复)句子长度的复杂性(长短结合)用语的逻辑性与正式性(连接与用语),雅思写作大作文,14,第二讲主题、类型与段落结构,雅思大作文主题归类,15,1科技发展主题Thedevelopmentofscience2政府的职能和职责Aboutgovernment常见考点:
宏观政府职能?
具体职能?
3环境污染和保护Theenvironmentalprotection常见考点:
狭义环保+广义环保(动物)4当代社会问题Peopleinmodernsociety常考考点:
经济类,工作类,家庭类,5文化和艺术Culturesandarts6教育问题Education特点:
雅思大作文最常考类7新闻传媒和广告News,mediaandadvertisements8道德和犯罪Moralandcrime9健康、医学、心理、及其他Health,medicine,psychologyandother,topics,16,雅思大作文形式归类,Argumentation:
doagreeordisagree.特点:
同意、不同意Options:
WhichyoupreferWhichmajor/better/most/best.二选一、多选一Discussion&
report:
whatreasons/causes+recommendations/solutions特点:
提出原因与方法建议Prosandcons:
discussAdvantagesanddisadvantages.DiscussBothviews(andyourownopinion).,讨论优缺点、相互对立的两个观点Others其它,17,Argumentation:
doyouagreeordisagree?
Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?
Doyouthinkitisagoodidea?
Discussion&
Whatdoyouthinkarethereasons/causesofthis?
Whatsolutions/recommendationscanyouoffer/suggest?
18,Prosandcons:
Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantages.Discussboththeseviewsandgiveyourownopinion.Options:
whichdoyouprefer?
Whichdoyouthinktobethemajor/better/most/best.Others,19,Argumentation结构,20,问题类型:
例:
剑五1Universitiesshouldacceptequalnumbersofmaleandfemalestudentsineverysubject.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?
推荐结构1,21,写作方法:
五段法第一段:
开场论题(正反观点)+自己观点(同意/不同意)第二段:
立论理由一(最大/最重要/最显著的理由)第三段:
立论理由二(次大的理由)第四段:
驳论段反方观点+反驳理由第五段:
结论-重申论点+结语(可选),推荐结构2,22,写作方法:
开场论题(正反观点)+自己观点(偏重部分同意)第二段:
同意理由一(最大/最重要/最显著的理由)第三段:
同意理由二(次大的理由)第四段:
驳论段但是该观点中哪些地方不同意,及其理由第五段:
结论-重申论点+结语(可选),推荐结构3,23,写作方法:
开场论题(正反观点)+自己观点(偏重部分不同意)第二段:
不同意理由一(最大/最重要/最显著的理由)第三段:
不同意理由二(次大的理由)第四段:
让步段但是该观点里哪些地方同意,及其理由第五段:
结论-重申论点+结语(可选),Discussion&
Report,24,问题类型:
Whatdoyouthinkarethecausesofthis?
写作结构:
四/五段法第一段:
开场-论题+(原因的概括说明)第二段:
最主要、重要原因第三段:
次主要、重要原因第四段:
方法建议(可选、略写)+结语,Discussion&
Report,25,Whatsolutionscanyouoffer/suggest?
开场-论题+(方法建议概括说明)第二段:
原因(可选、略写)第三段:
方法建议1第四段:
方法建议2第五段:
结语,Discussion&
Report,26,问题类型:
andwhatsolutionscanyouoffer?
剑四4Inmanycountriesschoolshavesevereproblemswithstudentbehavior.Whatdoyouthinkarethecausesofthis?
结构,27,提示:
原因不能略写:
可以使用的两种结构。
结构一:
开场-论题第二段:
方法建议第五段:
结语(或合为一段写),结构二,28,第一段:
开场-论题,第二段:
原因(至少两点)第三段:
方法建议(至少两点)第四段:
结语注:
P169考官例文,一个原因,Prosandcons,29,问题类型:
Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantages.剑五2Insomecountriesyoungpeopleareencouragedtoworkortravelforayearbetweenfinishinghighschoolandstartinguniversitystudies.Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesforyoungpeoplewhodecidetodothis.,结构,30,写作方法:
第一段:
论题第二段:
优点第三段:
缺点第四段:
总结+自己观点(可选),Prosandcons,31,问题类型:
Discussboththeseviewsandgiveyourownopinion.剑五3Somepeoplethinkthatasenseofcompetitioninchildrenshouldbeencouraged.Othersbelievethatchildrenwhoaretaughttocooperateratherthancompetebecomemoreusefuladults.Discussboththeseviewsandgiveyourownopinion.,结构,观点选择论述侧重点。
32,第一段:
一方观点(优缺点/合理不合理之处/原因结果/例子)第三段:
另一方观点(优缺点/合理不合理之处/原因结果/例子)第四段:
自己观点(原因)第五段:
总结问题:
此类题目中自己观点可否折中,或提出与两者都不同的新观点?
注意按照自己的,Options,问题类型:
Whichdoyouprefer?
Whichdoyouthinktobethemajor/better/most/best.剑五4Researchindicatesthatcharacteristicswearebornwithhavemuchmoreinfluenceonourpersonalityanddevelopmentthananyexperienceswemayhaveinourlife.Whichdoyouthinktobethemajor,influence?
33,结构,34,写作方法一(二选一):
四段法/五段法第一段:
论题+自己观点(选择)第二段:
原因一:
选A的最主要原因第三段:
原因二:
选A的次主要原因第四段:
原因三:
不选B的原因(可先分析B的好处再写其缺点)第五段:
结尾,Options,35,写作方法二(多选一):
不选BCD的原因(同上)第五段:
结尾,开场段开场要做什么?
Childrenwhogrowupinfamilieswhichareshortofmoneyarebetterpreparedtodealwiththeproblemsofadultlifethanchildrenwhoarebroughtupbywealthyparents.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?
36,sample,37,examination.,Somefeelthatthechildrenoflowincomefamiliesarebetterequippedtodealwithdifficultiesposedbytherealworldwhentheygrowupandtheyalsobelievetheprivilegedchildrenofwealthyfamiliesarelessfittodealwiththesedifficulties.Inmyview,theimplicationsandveracityofthisargumentseemself-evident,butinfactrequirecloser,Topic,38,Nowadays,moreandmoreparentsbegintosendtheirchildrenabroadtostudy.Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthis.,Introduction,39,Itiscertainlytruetoclaimthatstudyingoverseashasitsmerits,butitisnotwithoutproblems.,第一段开场,40,开场要做什么?
(1)交代问题、背景(直接点出论题/把论题分为正反两方面叙述)不能照抄原题
(2)提出总论点:
回答问题/做出选择/提出自己观点(清晰鲜明性)开头提出论点的方法:
强化教材:
P77-79,剑四,第一套题,41,特殊选择类comparetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthreeofthefollowingasmediaforcommunicatinginformation.statewhichyouconsidertobethemosticsbooksradiotelevisionfilmtheatre,Acommonopening,42,Today,therearesomanymethodsofcommunicatinginformation,somepeopleprefercomics,somepreferfilmsandtheatres.AsfarasIamconcerned,books,radiosandtelevisionsaretheeffectiveones,butifIhavetochooseamosteffectiveone,IwouldchoosetheTV.,Abetterone,43,Nowadays,thereareagreatmanymethodsofcommunicatinginformation,somepeopleprefercomicsbecausetheythinkitisinteresting,somepreferfilmsandtheatresbecausetheygiveyouadifferentfeeling.however,whenspeakingofefficiency,books,radiosandtelevisionsbecomethechoice,andifthemosteffectiveonehastobechosen,TVwoulddefinitelybetheoption.,洋人修改版,44,StoneAge,BronzeAge,IronAgeandInformationAge,thatswhatwehumanbeingshavegonethroughwiththeflowofhistory.Todayweliveinaworldoverflowingwithallkindsofinformation.Asforthemeansofcommunicatinginformation,books,radiosandTVsaregenerallydeemedtobethemosteffectivecontributorstothespreadingofknowledgeanddata.However,onlythetelevisionwouldbequalifiedtobecomethediamondsonthecrown.,模版一,45,Whenaskedabout,quiteafewpeopleclaimthat,butotherpeopleconsideras.,剑五1Universitiesshouldacceptequalnumbersofmaleandfemalestudentsineverysubject.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?
同意转述与适当变换whenaskedabouttheissueofgenderequalityinacademicinstitutions,quiteafewpeopleclaimthatequalnumbersofmaleandfemalestudentsshouldbeadmittedtoevery,46,subject,butotherpeople,considersuchviewunpractical.,剑四test1模版开头,47,Facedwithcountlessmediaofinformationage,quiteafewpeopleclaimthatthebookshouldbethemosteffectivetool,butotherpeopleconsidertheradioastheobviouswinner.Inmyview,whenitcomestotheefficiencyofcommunicatinginformation,nothingbeatsthetelevision.,Whatisanintroduction?
48,Providethereaderwiththetopicandpurposeoftheessay.Attracttheaudiencesinterestintothetopic.Offersaplanforthefollowingargument.,Howtowriteintroduction,49,1Backgroundinformation2Issue:
canbeaquestionorastatement3Thesisstatement:
mostimportantsentence,Examplesaboutthebackgroundsentence,50,1.Asoneofthemostimportantinventionsofthe,applicationinallaspectsofourlives.,twentiethcenturyhasawide物,2.Inrecentyears,anincreasingnumberofpeoplehavebeguntochallengeagainsttheexistingpracticeof.Theyarguethat.事,Moreexamples,51,Alongwiththesteadygrowthinthecountryseconomyaswellasthepeopleslivingstandard,therhythmofpeopleslivingisspeedingupandalotofchangeshavetakenplaceintheirdailylife.人Alongwiththesteadygrowthinthecountryseconomyaswellasthepeopleslivingstandard,peopleattachm
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