1 Process of Writing Composition.docx
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1 Process of Writing Composition.docx
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1ProcessofWritingComposition
HeilongjiangUniversity*SchoolofWesternStudies*EnglishDepartment
Prof.DanBen-Canaan
___________________________________________________________________
GuidelinesforWritingaComposition,Thesis,Article,Story,Essay,Summary,BookReview,BookSynopsis,andWritingStyles
GeneralRules
Whenyouarewritingacomposition,anessay,orathesis,thefirststepsaretonarrowthesubjectdown,chooseatopic,anddeterminewhatdirectionorpointofviewyouwilltake.Yourcompositionoressaymaytrytopersuadethereadertoshareyourviewonthetopic,itmaytrytoexplaintothereaderhowtocompleteaparticulartask,oritmaytrytoinformoreducatethereaderonaparticulartopic.
OnObservation
Observe:
PayAttention;Examine;Inspect;Monitor;Scrutinize;Study;Survey–Surveillance;Watch;Feel;LookandSee;Probe;Question;Think;Create;Outline;Write
Observe:
Beaneye-witness;Aviewer;Awatcher;Anon-sitewitness;
QUESTION-QUESTION-QUESTION-QUESTION…
Definitions:
∙Having"thepowerofperception"
∙Making"aremark,acomment"
∙Lookingaroundandnotingeverythinginitsdetails
∙Becomingawareofwhateverishappening(occurs,takesplace)
∙Watchingverycarefully
∙Beinginterestedinallthatisaround;focusingonthedetailsandifneeded,"zoomingin"toaspecificitem
∙Beingoneofthesurroundings–examiningthesurroundings
∙Beingrelatedto
Perception:
∙Seeingthewhole
∙Truth
∙Recognition
∙Sensitivity
Being:
∙Alert
∙Astute
∙Attentive
∙Aware
∙Watchful
TheObservationProcess
AFieldTrip
Introduction
∙FieldTrip:
Schooloutingforeducationalpurposes(voyage,journey,experience)
∙Observation:
Actoflooking,seeing,watching,ofpayingattention,ofstudying,ofmakingaremark,ofusingallsensessothattheexaminationoftheenvironmentintotalanddetailscanenableaparticipanttoacquire(obtain)anunderstandingofthesurroundings.Anobservantpersoncanthenmakeadetailedremarkonwhathe/sheseethere,howhe/sherelatetoit,whatitdoestohim/her,howhe/shefeelaboutit.
TheFieldTripyouareembarkingontakesyouawayfromtheclassroomandputsyouindifferentorstrangenewsurroundings.Itspurposeistomakethetheoryofobservationareality.
Practice
1.Youarenowinadifferentenvironment.Whatyouseearoundyouaredifferentsurroundings.
2.First,lookaroundyouandexamineALLthatyousee.
3.Trytorelatetothesurroundingsandtowhatyousee.Askyourselfhowitaffects,influence,moveyouemotionally,whatisthedispositionoftheplaceandhowyoureacttowhatyousee;haveanaffinityfor–whatandhowitattractsyou,whatyoufeelcloseto,whatyoulikeordislike,etc.
4.Writedownallpointsofyourobservationsinyournotebook.
5.Afteryouexaminedthesurroundingsandyourrelationstothem,choseONEobject,aperson,abuilding,aplant,aflower,atree,ananimal,orabirdthatisthere.
6.Examine,studyandmakeadetailedremarkonwhatyousee,howyourelatetoit,whatitdoestoyou,andwhatyoufeelaboutit.
7.Writedownallpointsofyourobservationsinyournotebook.
8.TaketheONEobject,aperson,abuilding,aplant,aflower,atree,ananimalorabirdthatisthereandthink(useyourimagination)–
a)Itis1995.Thinkofwho,when,where,what,whyandhowthatperson,plant,flower,tree,animalorabirdlookedlikeandwhathappenedtoit.
b)Itis2015.Thinkofwho,when,where,what,whyandhowthatperson,plant,flower,tree,animalorabirdlookslikeandwhathashappenedtoit.
9.Writedownallpointsofyourthoughtsinyournotebook.
10.Takephotographsthatsupportastoryyouwillwrite.
Assignment
∙Gothroughandreadyourfieldnotesandallpointsofobservationsyouhavemade.
∙Buildupandwriteastorywithanopening,middleandclosingparts.
∙Insertthephotographsyoutookintothetext.
∙Correctandreviseyourwriting.
∙Typeyourfinaleditionandhanditatthenextclass.
Note
Youmayusealltoolsyouhavetopresentwhatyouhaveobservedaccurately.Thesemayincludetextualdescriptionsaswellaspicturesandgraphics.
LookingforWritingIdeas
Ifyouwaitforinspirationtohit,sometimesyouhavealongwait.Thereareplentyofideasandideagenerators.Youarejustoverlookingthem.Nexttimeyouaresittingatyourdesk,staringwoefullydownatablanksheetofpaperandwaitingforunknownforcestomoveyourpen,tryoneortwoofthefollowingideas.
Firstofall,makeitaruletoreadatleastthirtyminutesaday.Readmorethanthatifyoulikebutneverless.Readnewspapers,magazines,orbooks.Itdoesnotmatterwhatyoureadbecausesomethingisboundtocaptureyourinterest.
Trygoingforawalk.Beawareofyoursurroundings.Thereisastoryineveryhouseandaroundeverycorner.Sceneahead:
atruckparkedinadriveway.Let'slettheideasflownomatterhowoffbeatorcomical.Whoismovinginorout?
Wonderifthey'rerunningawayfromsomethingorsomebodylikethelastneighbors.What'sthecostofmovingtoday?
They'retakinginprintingequipment...wonderifthey'recounterfeiters?
Wow!
Herhusbandissureahunk.Youcantellheworksout.Whatwouldbeagoodstartingsentenceforanarticleaboutexercisingyourwonders?
Look,they'vegotadog--aScottie.What'sthehistoryofScotties?
Scotch.100year-oldscotch.TheChinesehaveadelicacyof100yearoldeggs.How'dthatevercometobe?
Relaxyourmindandideaswillbegintoflowtoyou.Setyourcuriosityadriftwithamountainofideas.
Isthereabirthday,anniversaryorholidaycomingup?
Whataboutpersonalitiesintheareafamousorinfamous?
Doyouknowsomeonewho'sacharacterreadymade?
Lookaroundinmuseums.VisittheSharlotHallMuseumandpokearoundfindingoutthingsabouttheearlyChinesesettlers.Whataboutapiecelike'TheFirstHundredYearsof…'
Readersaswellaseditorslikeshortarticlesabouthowyousolvedaparticularproblem.Yoursolutiontoaneverydayirritationcanbevaluabletoothersaswellasmoneyyougetfromyourparentseachmonth.
Whatareyourinterests?
Whatdoyouknowaboutyourinterestthatwouldsaveabeginnertimeormoney?
Interviewyourfriendsandfindoutabouttheirhobbiesandinterests.That'sagoodplacetofindideastarters.
Seasonalideascanbefun.Writingsixmonthsaheadoftheseasongivesyoutimetowrite,re-writeandsubmit.
Haveyouevertrieda'list'article?
Youwillfindalotoftheminwomen'smagazineswithtitlessuchasTheTenWorstThingsIHateAboutMyBody.
Don'tforgettolookbackatyourpastarticlesandseewhichonescoulduseafollow-up.Readerscareaboutatopicandwonderwhathappenednowthatayearormorehaspassed.
Keepanideanotebook.Personalizeitthewayyoulike.Writedescriptionssuchasthewaytwochildrenwereplayingsidewalkgames,thewaythewalkerslookeddoingtheirbriskdailythirtyminutesaroundthecourthousesquare,etc.Writeanythingthatcapturesyourinterest.Youneverknowwhenyou'llneedanideaandyou'llhaveitinyournotebook.
Keepasectioninyournotebookforinterestingnames,oddfacts,booksyoushouldread,descriptionsandfunnyphrasesyouhearwhiletalkingtopeople.Makeitworkforyou.
Ifpossible,knowyourreader'sinterests.Cruisethroughpastissuesofmagazinesatthelibraryanddeterminewhattopicsaregettingthebiggestplayandtrytoanalyzewhy.
✗Conclusion:
Stop,lookandlisten.Ideasareeverywhere.Beyourselfandletyourmindwork.Thereyouwillfindyourtalentsandhiddenpotential.
Observation,CleaningandBrainstorming:
The"Three-foldProcess"
Theart,craft,ortaskofwriting(anyformofwriting)requiresrules(amongmanyotherimportantissues)youshouldbeobservingverycarefully.Youmustknowtherulesandknowwhenyouarebreakingthem.AsthepoetT.S.Eliotsaid,"It’snotwisetoviolatetherulesuntilyouknowhowtoobservethem."
Themindisanabstract'instrument'inwhichapersonstoresinformationandknowledge.Itrepresentshumanfacultywhichreasonsandjudges,ahumanconsciousnessthatisseparatefromthebody.Itcanbereferredtoasthesoulofahumanbeing.Itstoresdata,memories,recollections,opinions,intentions,understanding;thingsthatareknowntoaparticularpersonthroughexperience,learningandeducation,aswellasawarenessandotherformsofinformationthatarenecessaryforthinking.
Theamountofinformationstoredinanindividual'smindisvast.Anyprocessofthinking,anyactofformingideas,orconceivingideasinthemind,demandsthepullingoutofhugeamountofinformation,dividedintobitsandpieces,andputtingitintoacognitiveandpracticaluse.
Anydevelopmentofanidea,asubjectmatter,oranintellectualexercise,requiresalogicalprocessthat,attheend,willproduceatangibleandrelevantstatement.Pullingoutorsortingoutallbitsandpiecesofinformationthatarenecessaryforastatementisalmostanimpossibletask.Thereforeitisnecessarytoprovideanindividualwithanappropriatedevice(tool)thatwillhelphim/herintheprocess,thusbringoutofhis/hermindasmuchinformationaspossibleandablehim/herinthecreationofandtheorganizationofareadabletext.
Tobeabletoproducesuchtext–anarticle,composition,aresearchpaper,textcritique,oranalysis–Ihavedevisedathree-foldprocess.Thisincludesthe'observation','cleaning'(washingmachine)and'brainstorming'processes.
Brainstorminginitsclassicaldefinitionisacreativethinkingandproblemsolvingmethodinwhichanumberofpeoplegettogetherandspontaneouslycontributeideasandsolutionstoaparticularsubject
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