考博作文辅导.docx
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考博作文辅导.docx
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考博作文辅导
提纲式作文:
Directions:
Womenmakeagreatcontributiontotheprogressofmodernsociety.Buttherearestillsomepeoplewhodon’tagreewithit.
Therehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyontheissueinanewspaper.Writeanessaytothenewspaperbasedonthefollowingoutline:
1.Roleofwomeninmodernsociety2.Prejudicesanddiscriminationagainstwomen3.Mycomment
Womenplayanimportantpartinmodernsociety.Nowmanywomenaregoingintoprofessions,suchasmedicine,lawandengineering,Theycomprisealargepartoftheworkersinofficesandfactories.Manyjobstheyareengagedinareinlinewiththeirspecialcapabilitiesoftheirsex.Inaddition,someofareworkinguptoimportantpositionswhichusedtobeheldmainlybymen.Thereareevensomebusinesseswhichareruncompletelybywomen.Itisobviousthatwomenaremakinganoutstandingcontributiontotheprogressofmodernsociety.
Thereare,however,stillsomepeoplewhoassertthatmenaresuperiortowomeninmanyways.Inthefirstplace,manyjobsmendocanhardlybedonebywomen,whoarephysicallynotstrongenough.Theybelievethatwomenaretheweakersex--bothphysicallyandemotionally.Thus,womenarenaturallysuited,muchmoresothanmen,totheperformanceofdomesticduties.Accordingtothem,awoman’splaceiswithintheprotectiveenvironmentofthehome.Secondly,mostoftheworld-famousscientistsandstatesmenarefoundtobemales.Finally,thewholesocietyseemstohavealwaysbeendominatedbymenonly.Intheiropinion,menshouldenjoymorerightsthandowomen.
Personally,I’mfirmlystandingonthesideofthosewomenrightdefenders.Sincebothmenandwomenareequallyimportantinhumanactivities,theyshouldbeonanequalfooting.(242words)
2.图表作文
(1):
Directions:
Studythefollowingtablecarefullyandyourcompositionmustbebasedontheinformationgiveninthetable.Youshouldquoteasfewfiguresaspossible.
Outline:
1.Changesinpeople’sdailyexpansesinthepastfiveyears2.Possiblereasonsforthechanges3.Myownconclusion
Year
Item
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Food
65%
60%
48%
42%
35%
Clothing
5%
7%
10%
13%
15%
Recreation
3%
5%
7%
8%
13%
Others
24%
26%
33%
36%
38%
Total
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
Inthepastfiveyears,therehavebeengreatchangesinpeople’sdailyexpensesinXXcity.Accordingtothefiguresgiveninthetable,theamountofmoneyspentonfooddecreasedgradually,accountingfor35percentin2001.However,therewasarapidincreaseinclothingexpenses,whichmadeup15%in2001.Inaddition,thetableshowsanupwardtendencyinrecreationexpenses.Thesamewasthecasewithotherexpenses.
Whatcausedtheseremarkablechanges?
Inmyopinion,thereareatleastthreegoodreasons.Tobeginwith,withtherapiddevelopmentofagricultureinChina,theoutputofgrain,fruit,vegetablesandmilkhassharplyincreased,whichcontributestothedeclineintheirprices.Secondly,thefamilyincomesofpeoplebothinthecityandinthecountryhavegreatlyrisensothatpeoplenowcanaffordexpensiveclothingandsomeofthemevenwanttodressinthelatestfashion.Finally,asthelivingconditionsimprove,thedemandforavarietyofrecreationsisgrowingsteadily,too.
Inshort,withtheincomescontinuingtorise,peoplewillnolongerresignthemselvestolivingadull,monotonouslife.Theyareeagertomaketheirlifeinterestingandexciting.Therefore,Iamsurethatpeoplewillspendmoremoneyonclothingandrecreations.(219words)
3.图表作文
(2):
Directions:
Studythefollowingdrawingcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1.describethedrawing,2.interpretitsmeaning,3.andsupportyourvieswithexamples.Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)
终点又是新起点
Asisdepictedinthedrawingabove,arunner,summoninguphislastounceofstrength,ismakingadashtowardsthefinishingline,hotsweatrollingfromhisforehead.Itisclearthatheisoverjoyedtohavewontherace.Besides,onbothsidesofthefinishinglinetherearetwobigwordsinChinese:
StartingPointandFinishingPoint.
Whatdoestheauthorofthedrawingintendtotellus?
Inmyopinion,bythepictureheintendstorendertheideathatwhatonehasachievedbynowismerelyanewstartingpointforwhatheisgoingtodonext.
Therearealotofexamplesinoursociallifewhichsupporttheviewmentionedabove.ThemostobviousoneisthediscoveryoftheradioactiveelementRadium,whichfinallyleadstothewidespreaduseofatomicenergyforthebenefitofmankind.Let’stakeanotherexampletoillustratetheview.Wehaveachievedgreatsuccessesintheruralreforms,whichhasgreatlyraisedthelivingstandardsoffarmersinthecountry.Butitservesonlyasthestaringpointforpushingforwardurbanreformsinacomprehensiveway.AthirdexampleisthesuccessfulreturnofShenzhou5spaceship,whichmarksthetriumphantendofthelaunch.Atthesametimeitcreates(=opensup)aneweraforChina’sspaceexploration.Inconclusion,allwehavedoneinthepastisonlythestartingpointforwhatwearegoingtodointhefuture.(252words)
二、段落机构和扩展
1.Structureofaparagraph:
topicsentence/developmentsentence/concludingsentence
2.Waysofdevelopingaparagraph:
1.Comparisonandcontrast(对比法)2.Causeandeffect(因果法)3.Exemplification(举例法)4.Generalizationandqualification(概述法)5.Argument(议论法)
三、常用句型
关于利弊、优缺点的句型:
1.S+have(orhas)alotofadvantagesover……(与…相比有许多优点)
2.译:
汽车与自行车相比有许多优点
havetheadvantageof……(有…方面的长处)
译:
1.英语好是她的长处。
2.澳大利亚与中国相比,其优点是人口少。
3.他比他们有利的是他会操作电脑。
3.beofgreatbenefittosb./sth(对…有益)译:
你的计算机知识对你将来的工作十分有益。
4.benefitsb/sth(对…有好处)译:
这家新医院对整个社区有利。
Benefitfromsth.(由于…而受益)译:
我们将从技术发明中受益。
5.do(alotof)goodtosb.(对…有许多好处)译:
早晨锻炼对你很有好处。
Begoodforsb./sth.(对…有益)译:
蔬菜和水果有利于人的健康。
Dodamagetosh./damagesth.(对…造成损害)译:
这次地震对城市建筑损坏严重。
Doharmtosth./harmsth./endangersth.(对…有害处)译:
吸烟危害人的健康。
6.beas(notso)good/greatas…译:
他做得没有说的好。
7.Notsomuch…as…(与其说…,不如说…)译:
人口的迅速增长与其说是由于出生率的上升不如说是由于死亡率的下降。
Thereasonfortherapidincreaseinpopulationisnotsomuchariseinbirthrateasafallindeathrate.
说明原因的句型:
1.Therearesome/two/manygoodreasonsfor…/todosth.
Example:
Therearetworeasonsforthechangesinpeople’slivingconditions.First,wehavebeencarryingoutanopeningandreformpolicy.Second,ournationaleconomyisdevelopingrapidlyandthebirthratehasbeenputundercontrol.
2.Wehavetwogoodreasonsfor…译:
我们有许多理由反对工业不受控制的发展。
3.Thereasonsfor…isthat+从句译:
我们支持“希望工程”的原因时,许多贫困地区的儿童付不起继续学业的各种费用。
……表示不同看法的句型:
1.Differentpeoplehave/holddifferentopinions/viewsonthisquestion/problem/matter.
Somebelievethat…Otherarguethat…Stillothersmaintainthat…
译:
人们对国际文化交流的看法各不相同。
有些人认为,国际文化交流能促进各国人民之间的友谊和了解。
另一些人则争辩说,中国是一个具有5000年历史的文明古国,并且有自己的传统文化,它和西方文化截然不同。
因此,他们反对国际文化交流。
我认为,第2种看法是片面的。
现在国际文化交流是非常重要的。
各国人民应该互相了解、互相学习以便增进友谊。
Peopledifferintheiropinionontheinternationalculturalexchange.Somebelievethatinternationalculturalexchangecontributestothefriendshipandunderstandingofthepeopleallovertheworld.OthersarguethatChinaisanancientcivilizednationwithahistoryof5000yearsandhasitsowntraditionalculture,whichisquitedifferentfromthatinthewesterncountries.Therefore,theyareopposedtotheinternationalculturalexchange.Inmyopinion,thesecondviewisone-sidedandpartial.Theinternationalculturalexchangeisofgreatimportancenow.Peopleofallcountriesshouldunderstandeachotherandlearnfromeachothertoenhancethefriendshipamongthem.
3.Theyarequitedifferentfromeachotherintheiropinions.
4.Somepeopleholdtheopinionthatitisgoodtohaveasmallfamily.
5.Theythinkquitedifferentlyonthisquestion.
6.Theydiffergreatlyintheirattitudestowardsnoiseproblem.
Example:
Parentsandchildrenthinkdifferentlyonthisquestion.Parentsholdthatchildrenshouldworkhardanddowellatschool.Children,however,maintainthattheyshouldhavefreedomtospendtheirleisuretimeandtoplanfortheirownfuture.
----表示必须、紧急、有困难做某事的句型:
1.Itisimportant(necessary,urgent,desirable,advisable)forsb.Todosth.
Examples:
1)Itisinevitablethatthenaturalresourcesthroughouttheworldarediminishingasthedemandforthemisontheincrease.
2)Itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsindustryandagriculture.
3)Itisurgentforthegovernmenttotakemeasurestocontrolthebirthrateinourcountry/tochangedesertsintofarmland.
4)Itisnecessarytobuildmorehospitals,shoppingcenters,recreationcenters,cinemas,andotherpubicfacilitiestomeetincreasingneedsofthepeople.
2.havetrouble/difficulty/ahardtime/adifficulttime(in)doingsth.(有困难做某事)
Example:
Hehastroublesfindingasatisfactoryjob.
Havetroublewithsth.(对…有困难,不好对付)
Example:
IhavesometroublewithmyEnglishstudy.
----关于因果关系的句型:
1.Thecauseof/reasonforhigherpriceswasanincreaseindemand.
译:
他们取得的成果是由于他们的刻苦努力。
2.Because/As/Nowthat/Sincethedemandhasincreased,thepricesarehigher.
3.Anincreaseindemandcause/resultsin/leadsto/produceshigherprices.
4.Thedemandhasincreased.Therefore/Asaresult/Forthisreason/Becauseofthis/Consequentlythepricesarehigher.
5.Ifthereisanincreaseindemand,thenpricesrise/goup/boost/arehigher.
译:
由于所有这因素,政府越来越多地依靠科学家来安排适当的规划并付诸实践。
Asaresultofallthesefactors,governmentsarebecomingincreasinglydependentonscientistsforplanningappropriateprogramsandputtingthemintoeffect.
----议论中常用的句型:
1.Therei
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