高届高级高三英语二轮复习阅读理解专题话题训练学案二十科普知识与现代技术.docx
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高届高级高三英语二轮复习阅读理解专题话题训练学案二十科普知识与现代技术.docx
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高届高级高三英语二轮复习阅读理解专题话题训练学案二十科普知识与现代技术
高2020届高2017级高三英语二轮复习阅读理解专题话题训练学案二十:
科普知识与现代技术
PartA Reading
Passage1
题材:
科普实验 词数:
311 建议时间:
7分钟
Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstill(蒸馏器)isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,it’sanexcellentwatercollector.Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou,sinceit’sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.Theonlycomponentsrequired,though,area5'×5'sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic,sixfeetofplastictube,andacontainer—perhapsjustadrinkingcup—tocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.
Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher’sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.
Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet’scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformacone(圆锥体)with45-degree-angledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomorethanthreeinchesabove,thecup.
Thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic.Groundwaterevaporates(蒸发)andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerial,andfalloffintothecup.Whenthecontainerisfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube,andwon’thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink.
1.Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph?
A.It’sdelicate.B.It’sexpensive.
C.It’scomplex.D.It’sportable.
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inparagraph2referto?
A.Thetube.B.Thestill.
C.Thehole.D.Thecup.
3.Whatisthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill?
A.Digaholeofacertainsize.
B.Putthecupinplace.
C.Weightthesheet’scenterdown.
D.Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet.
4.Whenasolarstillworks,dropsofwatercomeintothecupfrom .
A.theplastictubeB.outsidethehole
C.theopenairD.beneaththesheet
Passage2
题材:
科普知识 词数:
311 建议时间:
8分钟
Womenarefriendly.Butmenaremorecompetitive.Why?
Researchershavefoundit’salldowntothehormoneoxytocin(荷尔蒙催生素).Althoughknownasthelovehormone,itaffectsthesexesdifferently.
“Womentendtobesocialintheirbehavior.Theyoftensharewithothers.Butmentendtobecompetitive.Theyaretryingtoimprovetheirsocialstatus,”saidProfessorRyan.
Generally,peoplebelievethatthehormoneoxytocinisletoutinourbodyinvarioussocialsituationsandourbodycreatesalargeamountofitduringpositivesocialinteractions(互动)suchasfallinginloveorgivingbirth.
ButinapreviousexperimentProfessorRyanfoundthatthehormoneisalsoletoutinourbodyduringnegativesocialinteractionssuchasenvy.
Furtherresearchesshowedthatinmenthehormoneoxytocinimprovestheabilitytorecognizecompetitiverelationships,butinwomenitraisestheabilitytorecognizefriendship.
ProfessorRyan’srecentexperimentused62menandwomenaged20to37.
Halfoftheparticipants(参与者)receivedoxytocin.Theotherhalfreceivedplacebo(安慰剂).
Afteraweek,thetwogroupsswitchedwithparticipants.Theywentthroughthesameprocedurewiththeothermaterial.
Followingeachtreatment,theywereshownsomevideopictureswithdifferentsocialinteractions.Thentheywereaskedtoanalyzetherelationshipsbyansweringsomequestions.Thequestionswereabouttellingfriendshipfromcompetition.Andtheiranswersshouldbebasedongestures,bodylanguageandfacialexpressions.
Theresultsindicatedthat,aftertreatmentwithoxytocin,men’sabilitytocorrectlyrecognizecompetitiverelationshipsimproved,butinwomenitwastheabilitytocorrectlyrecognizefriendshipthatgotbetter.
ProfessorRyanthusconcluded:
“Ourexperimentprovesthatthehormoneoxytocincanraisepeople’sabilitiestobetterdistinguishdifferentsocialinteractions.Andthebehaviordifferencesbetweenmenandwomenarecausedbybiologicalfactors(因素)thataremainlyhormonal.”
1.Whatcausesmenandwomentobehavedifferentlyaccordingtothetext?
A.Placebo.B.Oxytocin.
C.Thegesture.D.Thesocialstatus.
2.WhatcanwelearnfromProfessorRyan’spreviousexperiment?
A.Oxytocinaffectsourbehaviorinadifferentway.
B.Ourbodyletsoutoxytocinwhenwearedeepinlove.
C.Ourbodyproducesoxytocinwhenwefeelunhappyaboutothers’success.
D.Oxytocinimprovesourabilitiestounderstandpeople’sbehaviordifferences.
3.WhydidProfessorRyanconducttherecentexperiment?
A.Totesttheeffectofoxytocinontheabilitytorecognizesocialinteractions.
B.Toknowthedifferencesbetweenfriendshipandcompetition.
C.Toknowpeople’sdifferentabilitiestoanswerquestions.
D.Totestpeople’sunderstandingofbodylanguage.
4.Theauthordevelopsthetextby .
A.explainingpeople’sbehaviors
B.describinghisownexperiences
C.distinguishingsexualdifferences
D.discussingresearchexperiments
PartB Writing
一、话题语料积累
1.话题词汇积累
① [ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə]n.农业,农艺,农学
② [əˈstrɒnəmi]n.天文学
③ [ˌbaɪəʊˈkemɪstri]n.生物化学
④ [ˈbɒtəni]n.植物学
⑤ [iˈkɒlədʒi]n.生态学
⑥ [ˈiːkəʊˌsɪstəm]n.生态系统
⑦ [ˈfaɪnæns]n.财政,金融
⑧ [ˈɡɑːdnɪŋ]n.园艺学
⑨ [ˈmedsn]n.医学
⑩ [njuˈtrɪʃn]n.营养,营养学
[stəˈtɪstɪks]n.统计学,统计表
[ˈlɪtrətʃə(r)]n.文学
[lɔː]n.法律,法规,定律
[ˈæŋɡl]n.角,角度
[kənˈstrʌkʃn]n.建造,建设;建筑物
[ˈbætri]n.电池
[biːm]n.光线,波束
[ˈkæpsjuːl]n.太空舱
[sel]n.细胞,蜂房,电池
[kəmˈpjuːtə(r)]n.计算机,电脑
[ˈdeɪtəbeɪs]n.资料库,数据库
[fæks]n.传真
[dʒiːn]n.基因
[ˈmaɪkrəskəʊp]n.显微镜
[ˈmaɪkrəweɪv]n.微波
[ˈplænɪt]n.[天]行星
[ˈɪntənet]n.互联网,因特网
[ˈrəʊbɒt]n.机器人
[ˈrɒkɪt]n.火箭
[ˈsætəlaɪt]n.人造卫星
[ɪˈkwɪpmənt]n.装备,设备
[ˈkɒŋkriːt]n.混凝土
[ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti]n.电;电能
[ˈsaɪəns]n.科学
[tekˈnɒlədʒi]n.技术
[ˈækjərəsi]n.精确度,准确性
[ˈeəspeɪs]n.领空
[ˈɡrævəti]n.地心引力,重力
[kləʊn]v.无性繁殖,克隆
[kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn]n.表达,交流,通信手段
[dɪˈveləpmənt]n.发展,开发
[pəˈluːʃn]n.污染
[ˈreɪdiəm]n.镭
[prəˈsiːdʒə(r)]n.程序,手续
[speɪs]n.空间
[ˈjuːnɪvɜːs]n.宇宙
[tekˈniːk]n.技术;技巧
2.话题佳句积累
①Wecansende-mails theInternet.我们能通过因特网发电子邮件。
②TheInternetisvery (help)andiswidelyusedinmanyfields.因特网非常有帮助而且在许多领域被广泛应用。
③Whendidthiskindofcar (invent)?
这种汽车是什么时候创造出来的?
④Doyouthinktherewillbe (robot)inpeople’shomeinthefuture?
你认为将来人们的家中会有机器人吗?
⑤ moonmovesaroundtheearth.月亮绕着地球转。
二、综合练习
1.词句练习
(1)根据汉语提示完成句子
①Thesestudentsoften (网上冲浪)throughmobilephones.
② (与……相比)thatone,thismobilephoneissmaller.
③Thesebooks (占的地方太大)intheroom.
④ (发短消息)cansavetime.
⑤Thiskindofe-dictionaryis (质量轻、体积小、易于携带).
⑥Havingamobilephone,Icantalkwithmyfriendoverit (随时随地)Ilike.
⑦Unlikehim,I (更喜欢电子词典).
⑧Thismobilephonecan (伴有读音),soyouneedn’treadthemessageyouget.
⑨Thise-dictionary (有许多功能).
⑩Manypeoplelike (高科技产品).
(2)翻译句子
①随着科技的发展,电脑越来越广泛地应用于许多领域。
②他们创造出一个新设计的旨在帮助人们做家务的机器人。
③这种机器是由电脑控制的。
④一旦你按下按钮,它就会帮你清洗碗碟。
⑤当有新产品问世时,在它投入使用之前,一定要对它进行检验。
⑥我最终决定进入数码时代,购买一部手机。
⑦近年来快递业在中国发展很快。
2.段落练习
调整下列句子的顺序,使其成为一篇由两个自然段构成的文理通顺的短文。
①Inaword,theInternethasmadeourlifemorecolourful.Howfantasticitis!
②Lastbutnotleast,wecanevenshoponthenet,chatwithotherpeopleandmakefriendswiththem.
③Moreover,theInternetcreateslearningopportunities,suchasgoingtonetuniversities,readingvariouskindsofbooksandlearningforeignlanguagesbyourselves.
④Besides,theInternetisalsoapopularmeansofcommunication,throughwhichwecansendemailsandmakephonecalls.
⑤TheInternetisplayingamoreandmoreimportantpartinourlife.
⑥Wecanenjoymusic,watchsportsmatchesandplaychessorcards.
⑦Onthenet,wecanlearnnewsbothathomeandabroadandhaveaccesstoallkindsofusefulinformationaswell.
⑧Meanwhile,wecandownloadsomeacademicdata.
组成短文后的正确顺序为:
3.篇章练习
学校正在组织科技创新大赛,你想为日常生活中某件物品(如钢笔、书包、鞋子……)设计添加新功能来参赛。
请以“Mymagic ”为题写一篇英语短文,介绍你的创意。
内容:
(1)说明设计理由;
(2)介绍新功能。
注意:
(1)词数不少于120
(2)不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。
Mymagic
单选模拟仿真练
1.Ifyouneedsomeonewithprofessionalcomputerknowledge, toJoe.
A.talksB.talkingC.talkD.talked
2.Unlessyouarebraveenoughtospeakup,you’lllose chancestomakeyourselfunderstood.
A.moreB.lessC.muchD.fewer
3.InChina,NewYear’sDayisn’tabigmoment withtheSpringFestival.
A.comparingB.compared
C.tocompareD.beingcompared
4.—HowwasyourtriptoSwitzerland?
—Perfect!
HowIwishyou withus!
A.havebeenB.are
C.wereD.hadbeen
5.Susan’svoicestillremainedcalm shewasgettingannoyed.
A.evenifB.aslongas
C.asifD.nowthat
6.Mygrannydoesthecrosswordpuzzleeachday hermindsharp.
A.tokeepB.kept
C.havingkeptD.tobekept
7.Soheavy thatIfeltgreatreliefaftertakingitoff.
A.istheloadB.theloadwas
C.wastheloadD.theloadis
8.Forbettersoundeffects,hewasaskedtospeak themicrophoneduringthewholeprocess.
A.inB.forC.intoD.from
9.—Couldyougivemesomeadviceonge
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