java中英文翻译.docx
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java中英文翻译.docx
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java中英文翻译
CharacteristicsofLANs
ThemainCharacteristicsofaLANincludeitsthroughput,delays,wiringtypeanddistances,security,andreliability.Wediscussthesecharacteristicsbelow.WethencomparethecharacteristicsofmajorLANs.
Throughput
ThethroughputistheaveragetotaltransmissionratewhentheLANisheavilyloadedbymanynodes.
InasharedLAN,thethroughputisafractionoftherateofthetransmitters.ThisfractioniscalledtheefficiencyoftheMACprotocl.Forinsyance,anetworkthatusesaMACprotocolwithanefficiencyoh65percentand10-Mbpstransmittershasathroughputof6.5Mbps.Thesevaluesaretypicalforashared10-MbpsEthernet.ThethroughputofatokenringnetworkandthatofFDDIareclosetotheirthransmissionrate.
Latency
Thelatencyisthetimeapackettakesfromsitsarrivalatanetworkinterfaceuntilitreachesthedestinationnode.WeexplaininSection4.8thatthislatencyisalmostaiwayslessthanafractionofasecondandisoftenmuchsmaller.
WiringTypeandDistance
SomeLANsusetwistedwirepairs,othersuseopticalfibers,OlderLANsandinstallationsinspecialenvironmentsusecoaxialcables.ThemaximumlengthoftheconnectionsdependsontheLANandonthetechanology.Typicalvaluesare100mfortwistedpairsandafewkilometersformultimodefibers.
Security
Anopticalfiberismoredifficulttotapintothanatwistedpair,whichimprovesthe“physical”security.However,eavesdroppersrarelyneedtotapdirectlyintoalinktogainaccesstoinformation.AmorecommonattackistouseoneofthecomputersattachedontheLANandconfigureittoreadallthepacketsthattravelonthenetwork(thisiscalledsnooping).Ifsensitivepiecesofinformationsuchasuserpasswordsaretransmittedintheclear(nonencrypted),thentheeavesdropperobtainsentrypointsintocomputers.Asarule,aswitchedLANismoresecurethanasharedLANbecauseacomputeronsuchanetworkseesonlythepacketsintendedforit.
Reliability
Wedependincreasinglyonnetworks.Accordingly,reliabilitybecomesmoreessential.Aswementionedintheopeningremarksofthischapter,FDDAisdesignedtosurvivealinkornodefailure.AnEthernetkeepsonworkingwhensomeofitsnodesorlinksfail.Atokenringnetworkcanbewiredwithbypasselectronicstohaveasimilarreliability.
NetworkDevices
Text
Therearemanytypesofmediaforthenetwork,andeachonehasadvantagesanddisadvantages.Oneofthedisadvantagesofthetypeofcablethatweprimarilyuse(CAT5UTP)iscablelength.ThemaximumlengthforUTPcableinanetworkis100meters(approximately333feet).Ifweneedtoextendournetworkbeyondthatlimit,wemustaddadevicetoournetwork.Thisdeviceiscalledarepeater.
Thetermrepeatercomesfromtheearlydaysofvisualcommunication,whenamansituatedonahillwouldrepeatthesignaltothepersononthehilltohisright.Italsocomesfromtelegraph,telephone,microwave,andopticalcommunications,allofwhichuserepeaterstostrengthentheirsignalsoverlongdistances,orelsethesignalswilleventuallyfadeordieout.
Thepurposeofarepeaterisregenerateandretimenetworksignalsatthebitleveltoallowthemtotravelalongerdistanceonthemedia.WatchoutfortheFourRepeaterRulefor10MbpsEthernet,alsoknownasthe5-4-3Rule,whenextendingLANsegments.Thisrulestatesthatyoucanconnectfivenetworksegmentsend-to-endusingfourrepeatersbutonlythreesegmentscanhavehosts(computers)onthem.
Thetermrepeatertraditionallymeantasingleport“in”andasingleport“out”device.Butincommonterminologytodaythetermmultiportrepeaterisoftenusedaswell.RepeatersareclassifiedasLayer1devicesintheOSImodel,becausetheyactonlyonthebitlevelandlookatnootherinformation.Thesymbolforrepeatersisnotstandardized.
Thepurposeofahubistoregenerateandretimenetworksignals.Thisisdoneatthebitleveltoalargenumberofhosts(e.g.4,8,oreven24)usingaprocessknownasconcentration.Youwillnoticethatthisdefinitionisverysimilartotherepeater’s,whichiswhyahubisalsoknownasamulti-portrepeater.Thedifferenceisthenumberofcablesthatconnecttothedevice.Tworeasonsforusinghubsaretocreateacentralconnectionpointforthewiringmedia,andincreasethereliabilityofthenetwork.Thereliabilityofthenetworkisincreasedbyallowinganysinglecabletofailwithoutdisruptingtheentirenetwork.Thisdiffersfromthebustopologywherehavingonecablefailwilldisrupttheentirenetwork.HubsareconsideredLayer1devicesbecausetheyonlyregeneratethesignalandbroadcastitoutalloftheirports(networkconnections).
E-commerce(ElectronicCommerce,isabbreviatedasE-commerce)employsthewayonthebasisofthebrowser/serverundertheenvironmentofInternet'sopennetwork,realizeconsumers'onlineshopping,onlinetradebetweenthetradecompaniesandanewkindofcommercialoperationmodespaidbymailsonline.E-commerceonInternetcanbedividedintothreerespects:
Informationservice,tradeandpaying.Themaincontentincludes:
Electronicmarketconditionsadvertisement;Theelectronischosenandexchangeoftrade,electronictradeevidence;Payingbymailsandsettlingaccountandonlineserviceaftersale,etc..Themaintradetypeistrade(C2C)oftrade(B2B)andindividualandman-to-manbetbetweenenterprisesandpersonaltrade(B2C)andenterprise,etc..JSP(JavaServerPage)isthatdynamicWebbasedonthatJavahasnothingtodobutwiththeplatformdevelopstechnology,thereisveryhighoperationalefficiency,developmentperiodisshorter,itisstrongertoexpandability,haveopening,steptheplatform,expandabilityandreusablecharacteristic.JAVABEANiskindofakindofJava,becomethroughencapsulatingandhaveacertainfunctionortargetofdealingwithacertainbusiness,canvisitBeanandmethodinJSPpageJavacodeinsidethroughinlaying.TheonlinemobilephonestoreisaWEBapplicationprogrambasedonthatJSP/JAVABEANtechnologysetsup,divideinto2partsofgoodsshowofthefrontdeskandsale,back-stagemanagement,ItisakindoftypicalB2Ce-commercemode,realizethemainfunctionofe-commerce.
"Theelectroniccommerce21centuryeconomygrowsengine",Itnotonlyinonmicroscopicaffectstheenterprisethemanagementbehaviorandconsumer'sexpensebehavior,moreoverfromonmacroscopicwillaffecttheinternationaltraderelationsandthecountryfuturethecompetitiveability.Thisarticleinviewoftheelectroniccommerceinourcountrydevelopmentpresentsituation,hasanalyzedthequestionwhichexistsinthedevelopment,proposedthecorrespondingsolutionandthesuggestion,accordingtothephysicalresource,thefinancialresourceandthetalentedpersondevelopsourcountryelectroniccommerce,explorestheChinaelectroniccommercedevelopmentpath.
Herenowadaysdevelopstheconditionandthetendencytwoaspectsfromtheelectroniccommerceconnotationandthecharacteristicaswellastheelectroniccommerceoutlinestheelectroniccommerce,bywillhavethedirect-viewingunderstandingandtheunderstandingtotheelectroniccommerce.Makesthebriefreviewafterwardstoourcountryelectroniccommercedevelopingprocess,fromaspectandsoonenvironmentcondition,professionandlocalconditionmakesthemultianalysistoourcountryelectroniccommercedevelopmentpresentsituationandindicatestheelectroniccommerceinourcountryforeigntradestatusandthefunction,analyzesquestionwhichexistsinthedevelopment,likelacksinthestrategicplanandthepolicysupportisinsufficient,thecorrespondinglegallawsandregulationsstandardstandardlagandsoon.Finallyaimsatthequestiontoproposethecountermeasureandthesuggestion,includinggovernmentcountermeasureandtoenterprise,individualrequestandsoon,andtheforecastforecastelectroniccommercedevelopmenttendencyandthedirection,canplaythecertainimpetusrolebythetimetoourcountryelectroniccommercehealthdevelopment.
abstract]thisarticlewithtoknowthecircumstancesofthematterthepowerintheoutlineelectroniccommercerightofprivacyanditsintheprotectionquestionfoundation,discussedintheelectroniccommercetherightofprivacywithtoknowthecircumstancesofthematterthepowerconflictquestion,thenproposedthesolutiontwoconflictprincipleandthemeans.[Keyword]theelectroniccommercerightofprivacyknowsthecircumstancesofthematterthepowerTheelectroniccommerceisonekindofbrand-newcommercialmechanismwhichunderthewholeworldeconomicintegrationbackgroundproduces,hasthehighefficiency,boundlesscharacteristicandsoon,doesnothavetimelimitandlowcost,receivestheglobalvariouscountriesgovernmentandtheenterprisewidelytakes,hasbecomeatthebeginningofforthe21stcenturyoneofglobaleconomybiggestgrowth.Theelectroniccommercehashadthehugeimpacttothepresentlegalsystem,ifthisarticleisgoingtodiscusstherightofprivacyandknowsthecircumstancesofthematterthepoweralwaysisapairofoppositionlegalsciencecategory,theyhaverepresentedthedifferentaspectspiritualbenefit,butininformationtimeelectroniccommerce,thesetwokindofrightsconflictthenismoreprominent,thereforewehavethenecessitywithtoknowthecircumstancesofthematterthepowertointheelectroniccommercerightofprivacytocarryonthediscussion,andattemptstoseekthecoordinatedtwoconflictthemeans.In1electroniccommerceprivacyanditsprotection
(1)inelectroniccommercerightofprivacyanditscontent.Therightofprivacyisthenaturalpersonenjoystoitsindividual,individualinformation,thepersonalactivit
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