03高一第二课堂材料2.docx
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03高一第二课堂材料2.docx
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03高一第二课堂材料2
…when…=andatthattime当时,突然
连接并列分句,强调另一个动作的突然发生
IwassailingalongtheriverwhenIheardadrowningboycryingforhelp.
Iwasabouttoleavewhenitbegantorain.
我正准备离开,这时候天突然下起了雨。
IhadjustlockedthedoorwhenIrealizedIhadleftmykeyonthekitchentable.《百思③》P38
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it作形式宾语《百思③》P54
①当不定式、从句、动名词作宾语且其后有宾补时,必须用形式宾语it
Hefounditdifficulttofinishhiswork.
Ithinkitnousetalkingtohim.
Wemakeitarulethatwemustnotchatinclass.
②特殊情况——其后没有宾补
Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.
Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldhelpmepaintthehouse.
Youmaydependonitthathewilljoinourclub.
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TheSubjunctiveMood虚拟语气
I.虚拟语气在非真实条件句的用法
1.表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词的主要形式如下:
条件从句
主句
动词过去式(be的过去式一般用were)
would/should/could/might+动词原形
IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’tdothat.
Wewouldgowithyouifwehadtime.
Wecouldaskhimifhewerehere.
IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldringhimup.
2.表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词的主要形式如下:
条件从句
主句
had+过去分词
would/should/could/might+have+过去分词
Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.
Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.
IwouldhavecalledyouifIhadknownyourtelephonenumber.
3.表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气:
条件从句
主句
①动词过去式
②或should+动词原形
③或wereto+动词原形
would/should/could/might+动词原形
Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.
Ifitweretosnowtomorrow,theywouldnotgoout.
4.混合条件的虚拟语气:
1)Ifyouhadspokentohimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.
2)Ifhehadtakenthemedicinethismorning,hecouldbebetterthisevening.
3)I’mafraidIwillfailintomorrow’sexam.IfIhadnotbeenilllastweek,Icouldpassit.
5.如果条件从句含有were,should,had,有时可以把if省掉,而把were,should或had放在主语前,即用倒装句。
1)Shoulditraintomorrow,thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.
2)Weretheyherenow,theywouldhelpus.
3)Hadyoucomeherefiveminutesearlier,youmighthaveseenthefamouswriter.
6.虚拟语气有时可不用条件句,而用without短语、butfor短语或otherwise等来表示。
1)Withoutthesun,therewouldbenolivingthingsontheearth.=Iftherewerenosun,…
2)Youwouldnotbefreewithoutme.=…ifithadnotbeenforme.
3)Withoutyourhelp,wewouldnothavefinishedthework.=Ifwehadnothadyourhelp,…
4)Butforyourhelp,Iwouldnothavemadesuchgreatprogress.=IfIhadnothadyourhelp,…
5)Theyfoundusintheforest.Otherwise,wewouldhavedied.
II.Wish后的宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法:
1)IwishIknewtheanswer.(ButIdon’tknowtheanswer.)
2)IwishIhadknowntheanswer.(ButIdidn’t.)
3)Iwishhecouldcometomorrow.(Buthewon’tbeableto.)
III.要求宾语从句中使用虚拟语气的动词
表示建议(suggest,propose),要求(request,require,demand,ask),命令(order),劝告(advise),坚持(要做)(insist)等动词后的宾语从句要用should+动词原形,should常省略。
:
1)Hesuggestedthatwe(should)putthemeetingoff.
2)Itwassuggestedthatwe(should)putthemeetingoff.
3)Iproposewe(should)holdanEnglisheveningnextweek.
4)Werequestourleaders(should)listentoouropinions.
5)Thelawrequireseveryone(should)havehiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.
6)Heaskedthatthemessage(should)betakentoMr.Liasfastaspossible.
7)TheEmperororderedthatthecloth(should)bewovenforhimatonce.
8)Iadvisethatyou(should)notdoitinthisway.
9)Weallinsistedshe(should)gotothemeetinginsteadofMr.White.
VI.其它要求使用虚拟语气的情况:
1.在It’snecessary(important,strange,natural,apity)that…和It’ssuggested(proposed,required,ordered,etc.)that…的句型中,that引导的主语从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”。
Itisnecessarythateverybodyshouldtakepartintheactivity.
2.由asif(asthough)引导的状语从句,如果与事实相反,则跟非真实条件句一样,时态倒退一步。
1)Grandmaoftensignswithusasifshewerealittlegirl.
2)Heactsasifheweremyboss.
3)Hewalkedasthoughhehadbrokenoneofhislegs.
3.It’s(high)timesb.didsth.“(早)该做某事了。
”
1)It’stimewestarted
2)It’stimewewenthome.我们该回家了。
3)It’stimehewereatthemeeting.他该到会了。
(注:
有人认为从句中还可用should+动词原形,因此做题时要灵活应对。
)
4.Ifonly…“但愿…”(用法跟wish的宾语从句一样)
IfonlyIcouldhelpyou!
5.Iwouldratheryoudidit.
Iwouldratheryouhadcomeyesterday.
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Inversion倒装
I.完全倒装句
在以方位副词或介词短语(如here,there或out,in,down,away,infrontof等,有时包括now,then)开头的句子里,主谓要全部倒装。
如:
Herecomesthebus.Theregoesthebell.
Outrushedthetiger.IncameMrBaker.
Downpouredtherain.Awaywenttheboy.
Nowisyourturn.Thencameascreamofjoy.
但主语是人称代词时,主谓不用倒装,如:
Hereitis.Hereyouare.
Therehecomes.Awaytheywent.
II.部分倒装句
1.①否定词(never,little,seldom,hardly,not,notonly,notuntil,nosooner,innoway,innocase等)开头的句子(修饰主语时除外),②only放句首修饰状语时,主谓要部分倒装。
倒装的方式与一般疑问句相同。
如:
NeverhaveImetaChineselikehiminmylife.
Littledoesshecareforfameorgain.
Seldomdoeshethinkofthedangerheisin.
Hardlyhadtherobberssteppedintothebankwhentheywerecaught.
Nosoonerhadsheputdownthereceiverthanthetelephonerangagain.
Notonlydidheworkhardhimself,butalsohegotothersinterestedinthework.
Notasingleworddidhesayatthemeeting.
NotuntilhetoldmedidIknowwhathadhappened.
Innowaycantheyleavefreely.
Nowherecanyoufindabetterplace.
OnlythendidIrealizeIwaswrong.
OnlyinthiswaycanyouimproveyourEnglish.
2.so,neither,nor放在句子的开头,表示前面所说的情况也适合另一个人(或另一件事)时。
Marxknewseverallanguages.SodidEngels.
Matterisalwayschanging.Soistheworld.
Youhaveneverseenadinosaur.Neither/NorhaveI.
如果表示“(某人、物)确实是这样或确实做了……”时,主谓语序不倒装:
---Youlookill.
---SoIam.
---Shedidagoodjob.
---Soshedid.
3.在省略if的虚拟语气条件状语从句中
这类句子中有were,had,should等词时,把were,had或should置于句首。
Weretherenoairorwater,therewouldbenolifeintheworld.
Hadyoubeenmorecareful,suchspellingmistakesmighthavebeenavoided.
4.在so…that…句型中,so…放句首时,要用倒装:
SotiredwasJohnthathecouldnotwalkon.
Socarelesslydidhedrivethathealmostkilledhimself.
5.在as引导的让步状语从句中,一般将形容词、副词或名词等置于句首。
Youngasheis,heknowsalot.
Childasheis,heknowsalot.
Muchashetried,hefailed.
Tryashewould,hemightfailagain.
6.在表示祝愿的句子中
LonglivethePeople’sRepublicofChina!
Mayyousucceed!
Mayyouallbehappy!
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…before…
还没来得及……就……
Therooffellbeforehehadtimetodashintotheroomtosavehisbaby.
他还没有来得及冲进房间把孩子救出来,房顶就塌了。
HeranoffbeforeIcouldstophim.
我还没来得及阻止他,他已经跑走了。
Tomygreatdisappointment,myfavoritesingerlefttheconcertbeforeIcouldhaveawordwithher.
使我非常失望的是,我还没有来得及和我最喜欢的歌手打声招呼,她就已经离开了。
过了多久才……,动作进行到什么程度才……
Theywalkedaboutthirtymilestothewestbeforetheysawavillage.他们西行30英里才看见一个村庄。
Theyworkeddayandnightaboutthreedaysbeforeeverythingreturnedtonormal.
他们日夜不停地连续工作了3天才使一切恢复正常。
ThreeyearspassedbeforeIknewit.
不知不觉,三年过去了。
Itwas+时间段+before…过了多久才……
Itwill(not)be+时间段+before…
要过多久(不久)才……
Itwasnotlongbefore…不久就……
Itwasnotlongbeforehesensedthedangeroftheposition.不久他就意识到他处境的危险。
Itwasthreedaysbeforehecameback.
三天后他才回来。
Itwillbehalfayearbeforeyougraduatefromthisschool. 要过半年你才能毕业。
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nosooner…than…=hardly…when…
一……就……,刚刚……就……
nosooner/hardly+过去完成时,than/when+一般过去时
如果nosooner,hardly位于句首,主句要倒装。
HehadhardlysatdowntohavearestwhenthedoorbellrangandincameAllan.
他刚坐下要休息,突然门铃响了,Allan走了进来。
Nosoonerhadhegotoffthetrainthanhisdaughterrantowardshim.
他刚一下火车,女儿就朝他跑过来。
Hardlyhadwearrivedwhenshestartedcryingtogohome.我们刚一到,她就闹着要回家。
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