虚拟语气及专项练习题讲解课件.docx
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虚拟语气及专项练习题讲解课件.docx
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虚拟语气及专项练习题讲解课件
虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题
虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况,或一种主观的愿望,即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实,或不可能实现。
英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种:
一、与现在事实相反
连接词
条件从句
结果从句
If
1.动词过去式(或were)
2.助动词(过去式)+动词原形
Should
Would +动词原形
could
might
Ifhadthetime,JohnwouldmakeatriptoChinatoseetheGreatWall.
IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveupdrinkingimmediately.
二.与将来事实相反
连接词
条件从句
结果从句
If
1. should+动词原形
2. 动词过去式
3、wereto+动词原形
Should
Would +动词原形
could
might
Ifyoushouldlose,whatwouldyoudo?
IfIweretoseehertomorrow,Iwouldtellherthetruth.
Ifyouwenttherenexttime,youwouldseewhatImean.
三、与过去事实相反
连接词
条件从句
结果从句
If
had+过去分词
Should
Would +have+过去分词
could
might
IfI’dknownthatitwasgoingtorain,Iwouldneverhavegoneforawalkinthecountry.
四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法
省掉if的条件从句结构:
Hadyouaskedme,Iwouldhavetoldyou. (=Ifyouhadaskedme,…)
2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示,如:
Atruefriendwouldnotdosuchathing.
(=Ifhewereatruefriend,he...)
(=Iftherewerenowater,…)
(=Ifyouhadn’thelpedme,…)
例句:
Withoutyouradvice,ourmeetingwouldn’thavebeensosuccessfully.[过去]
(=>可转换为:
Iftherehadn’tbeenyouradvice,we…)
Yournotesarealmostillegible(难以辨认的).Notestypedoutwouldbealoteasiertoread.[将来]
(=>可转换为:
Ifthenoteshadbeentypedout,itwouldbealoteasiertoread.)
IshouldhavegonetoseeDr.Smithandhemighthavecuredmeofthedisease.[过去]
(=>可转换为:
IfhehavegonetoseeDr.Smith,he..)
3. 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致,如:
Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonehome.
虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或had时, 可省略if,再把were, should或had 移到从句的句首,实行倒装。
例如:
Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us.他们现在在的话,就会帮助我们了。
Had you come earlier, you would have met him. =If you had come earlier, you would have met him.你来得早一点,就碰到他了。
Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.假如下雨,庄稼就有救了。
注意:
在虚拟语气的从句中,动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were",不用was,即在从句中be用were代替。
例如:
If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你,就会去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。
五、虚拟语气的其他用法
1、Suggest,advise等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下:
suggest,advise,recommend,demand,
require,insist,urge,request,order, +that…(should)+动词原形
devide,ask,move,propose等
注意:
在此结构中that不可省略;should省不省均可。
Hesuggestedthatthey(should)stopsmoking.
上述动词的名词形式出现时,that引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。
Hemadearequestthatthey(should)stopsmoking.
如果that引导的从句所表达的内容是事实,也可用陈述语气。
Heinsiststhatheisright.
insist和suggest是常见的动词,它们各自在词义及用法上具有双重性,弄不好会出错误。
一、insist :
A)作“坚决认为”解释时,其后面的宾语从句用陈述语气。
如:
I insisted (to everyone) that he was wrong.我对每个人坚持说他错了。
The Arab insisted that he had never seen the camel.这阿拉伯人坚持说他从没看见过这头骆驼。
B)作“坚决主张、坚决要求”解释时,其后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,即宾语从句的谓语用(should)do sth。
如:
I insisted that he(should)go to see my father.我坚决要他去见我的父亲。
The Arab insisted that they(should)look for the camel.这阿拉伯人坚持要他们去寻找这头骆驼。
同时,我们也可以用insist on sth.或insist on doing sth.来表达上述的两种意思。
如:
I insisted on my correctness.(=Iinsisted that Iwas correct.)我坚持认为自己是对的。
He insists on his innocence.(=He insists that he is innocent.)他坚持认为自己无罪。
We all insist on not resting until we finish the work.(=We all insist that we〈should〉not rest until we finish the work.)我们都坚决要求不完工就不休息。
He insists on my being presentatthe meeting.(=He insists that I〈should〉be presentatthe meeting.)他一定要我出席这个会议。
二、suggest:
A)作“使想起、暗示、表明”解释时,其后面的宾语从句用陈述语气。
如:
Her expression suggested that she was angry.她的表情显示出她生气了。
Are you suggesting that he is too old for the job?
你的意思是说他年纪太大了而不能干这工作?
B)作“建议”解释时,其后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气,也就是说宾语从句的谓语用(should)do sth.。
如:
Isuggested that she(should)leave early for the airport.我建议她早点儿动身去机场。
He suggested that I(should)wear a jacket.他建议我穿一件夹克衫。
我们也可以用suggest(one /one's) doing sth.来表达“建议”。
如:
I suggested our class holding a meeting to discuss the problem.(=I suggested that our class〈should〉hold a meeting to discuss the problem.)我建议我们班开个班会讨论这个问题。
He suggested putting off the sports meet to the next week.(=He suggested that the sports meet〈should〉be put off to the next week.)他建议运动会推迟到下周。
2、Itis(was)+necessary,apity等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下:
imperative,advisable, 动词完成式
Itis(was)+important,natural,necessary,essential,strange,等+that…(should)+
动词原形
Itisimportantthatyou(should)followthedoctor’sorders.
Itisrightthatyoushouldhavedoneyourhomework.
不是只能跟虚拟语气的.你要分清什么时候才用虚拟语气
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。
如果不是表达那些意思的话是不用到虚拟语气的
例如:
Itisstrangethathehadmadeamistake.奇怪的是他犯了一个错误。
这是一个陈述句,就是陈述一个事实:
他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。
Itisstrangethathe(should)havemadeamistake.他居然犯了一个错误,真令人奇怪。
这是虚拟语气,说话者是在责备他本不应该犯错。
Itis/was+形容词/名词+that主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气,表达一种要求,命令或者责备,但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情,完全可以用一般的陈述语气。
以下为词典原句:
(不过考试作文中建议你还是多用虚拟语气)
Itisashamethattherainspoiledourpicnic.
真可惜,这场雨把我们的野餐给搅了。
Itisapity(that)helostsomuchmoney.
他损失这麽多钱,真是遗憾。
Hewasaverybravemananditissurprisingthathelivedsolong.
他是一个非常勇敢的人,而令人惊讶的是他活得那麽长命。
Itisstrangethatnobodyknowswherehelives.
真奇怪,谁也不知道他住在哪里。
附:
虚拟语气用在主语从句中有以下几种情况:
1.在句型"Itisimportant(necessary,strange,impossible,natural)that...."中,that后面的从句中的谓语动词用:
(should)+动词原形。
如:
It'snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.我们有必要出去散散步。
It'snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.她这样做是很自然的。
It'simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.
重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
2.在句型"Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,better)that...."中,that后面的从句中的谓语动词用:
(should)+动词原形。
如:
Itwasagreatpitythatyou(should)havemadesomanymistakesinyourmathexercise.太遗憾了,你居然在数学练习中犯了那么多错误
Itwillbebetterthatshestaywithhergrandmother.
她和她的祖母在一起就好了。
3.在句型"Itissuggested(requested,proposed,ordered)that...."中,that后面的从句中的谓语动词用:
(should)+动词原形。
如:
ItwassuggestedthatthesportsmeetbeputoffuntilnextSaturday.
大家建议把运动会推迟到下星期六。
Itisdesiredthatwe(should)geteverythingreadybytonight.
希望我们到今晚将一切准备就绪。
Itwasorderedthatthemedicinebesenttherebyplane.
命令马上用飞机把药送往那里.
(个人认为上面的第3种情况基本都要用虚拟语气,因为这里都是表示命令或要求,而第1和第2两种则视说话者要表达的意思决定。
)
3、wish的用法
动词过去式或were—与现在事实相反
主语+wish(that)+主语+ 动词过去完成式—与过去事实相反
助动词过去试+动词原形—与将来事实相反
IwishIwereapopsinger. (=IamsorryIamnotapopsinger..)
IwishIhadneverstoppedteaching. (=IamsorryIstoppedteaching.)
Iwishthey’dletusgetsomesleep.
注意:
wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于:
hope表示一般可以实现的希望,宾语从句用陈述语气。
wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。
试比较:
(1)Wehopetheywillcome,(Wedon’tknowiftheycancome.)
(2)Wewishtheycouldcome,(Weknowtheyarenotcoming.)
4、asif,asthough,would(had)rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气,如:
asif(though)连接的从句,即可表示对现在、将来时间的虚拟,又可镖是对过去时间的虚拟,具体句型:
主句+asif(though)+主语+
01.were/过去时——〉表示与主句动作同时发生
02.could/would+动词原形——〉表示动作可能在将来发生
03.had+过去分词——〉表示从句谓语的动作发生在主句动作之前
eg.Hetreatsmeasifiwereastranger.
Shetalksaboutitagainandagainasifshewouldneverend.
Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.
Heactsasifnothinghadhappened.
Iwouldratheryoudidn’ttellhim.
wouldrather后接that从句,从句用虚拟语气,
即用一般过去时表示现在或将来的动作或状态,用过去完成时表示过去的动作或
状态。
wouldratherhaddone没有这个用法
如果只涉及主语本人而不涉及另一个人,则wouldrather之后不接that从句而接havedone结构。
虚拟语气表示对过去的虚拟语气
例Iwouldratherhavegonetothetheatrethanstayedhomenight.我真希望昨天晚上去看了戏而不是呆在家里。
5、It’s(high)timethat…+动词过去式或should+动词原形,如:
It’stime(that)youhadahaircut.
It’shightime(that)wetooksomeaction.
虚拟语气专项练习题
(1).IfI___you,Iwouldgobyplane.Flyingismuchfaster.
A.be B.was C.were D.am
(2).IdonotthinkthosepeoplearereallyEnglish.Iftheywere,they____speak
withFrenchaccents.
A.don't B.willnot C.mustn't D.wouldn't
(3) _____today,wouldwebeabletogettherebyTuesday?
A.Wereweleaving B.Ifweleave
C.Wouldweleave D.Werewetoleave
(4).IfJone____tomorrow,whatwouldyoudo?
A.werenottocome B.willnotcome
C.wouldnotcome D.hadnotcome
(5).“Shedidn'taskme,soIdidn'thelpher.”
“Youmeantosay_____,youwould'vehelpedher?
”
A.ifsheaskedyou B.ifsheweretoaskyou
C.hadsheaskedyou C.wereshetoaskyou
(6).Theytooktheinjuredstraighttothehospital.Otherwisesomeofthem_____.
A.mighthavedied B.mightdie C.woulddieD.coulddie
(7).Iftheyhadknownhim, _____tohim?
A.wouldtheyhavetalked B.wouldtheytalk
C.hadtheytalked D.theywouldtalk
(8).IfIlivedinthecity,I ____travelincrowededbuses,butI_____toseelotsof films.
A.shallhaveto/shallbeable B.shallhaveto/amable
C.wouldhaveto/wereable D.wouldhaveto/wouldbeable
(9).Iwouldhavegonetotheconcert,ifI_____time.
A.hadhad B.havehad C.had D.wouldhavehad
(10).____Iknownit,Iwouldhavetoldyou.
A.HaveB.If C.Had D.Having
(11). _____yourhelp,Iwouldnothavesucceeded.
A.Because B.Becauseof C.But D.Butfor
(12).“WhatdidMrSmithsayabouthiscareer?
”
“Onlythatifhe____amillionaire,hewouldhavefewerworries.”
A.didnotbecome B.hadnotbecome
C.doesnotbecome D.hasnotbecome
(13).“Whydidn'tyouhelphim?
”
“Iwouldhave____Ididn'thavethemoney.”
A.still B.but C.otherwise D.or
(14).“WhoshouldgotoseeLiYing?
Heisilltoday.”
“IsuggestWangHong_____.”
A.goes
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