《逃离》中女性意识的觉醒毕业论文.docx
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《逃离》中女性意识的觉醒毕业论文.docx
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《逃离》中女性意识的觉醒毕业论文
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摘要
被誉为“加拿大契科夫”的爱丽丝门罗是加拿大著名的短篇小说家,她在2013年10月荣获诺贝尔文学奖,是首位以短篇小说获得此殊荣的作家。
她的作品多以女性视角出发,以城郊小镇的平凡女子的平凡生活为主题,视角敏锐,笔触细腻,风格写实。
虽然她的小说中女性角色繁多,但是在她们的成长过程中,都经历这不同程度的女性意识的觉醒,生动形象地反映了女性追求独立自我的过程。
本文主要以门罗的《逃离》为文本,从家庭、社会和自然三个方面对小说中的女性的觉醒进行分析,从而阐述小说中所蕴含的女性主义思想。
关键词:
爱丽丝·门罗;女性意识觉醒;家庭视角;社会视角
Abstract
AliceMunro(1931-),knownas"Canada'sChekov",isafamousshortstorywriterinCanada.ShewontheNobelPrizeinLiteratureinOctober,2013.Shewasthefirstwritertoreceivethisawardinshortstory.Shewritesmostlyfromthefemaleperspectiveandfocusesontheordinarywomen'sordinarylifeexperienceinsuburbantowninCanada.Herworksarefamousforkeenperspective,detaileddescriptionandrealisticstyle.Femalecharactersinherworksarevarious;however,intheirprocessesofgrowingup,theyhaveexperienceddifferentdegreesoffemaleconsciousnessawakening,vividlyreflectingtheprocessoffemaleself-growthinpursuingindependence.ThisthesisusingMunro’sRunawayasatextofclosingreading,analyzestheawakeningofwomenconsciousnessfromthreepespectives,namelyfamily,societyandnature,inordertoexpoundthefeministthoughtscontainedinit.
Keywords:
AliceMunro;Theawakeningoffemaleconsciousness;Feminist;familyperspective;socialperspective;
Contents
1.Introduction
1.1AnintroductiontoAliceMunro
AliceMunroisafamousshortstorywriterinCanada.Sheisgoodatwritingshortstories,whichhelpsherwinrespectandreputation.Happyshadeofthedanceisherfirstcollectionofshortstories,whichwonthehighpraise.Byvirtueofthis,AliceMonroewontheGovernorGeneral’sAwardin1968.Heranothercollectionofshortstories,WhoDoYouThinkYouAre?
wasrunner-upfortheBookerPrizein1978.Inaddition,AliceMunrohasreceivedmanyotherprizes.SheearnedtwoCanadianBooksellersAssociationAwardsin1971and2005andsoon.In2013,AliceMunrowontheNobelPrizeinLiterary.Thisisthebiggestawardshehaseverreceived.TheAwardWords“masterofcontemporaryshortstories”givenbySwedishAcademywasthebestpraiseforher.
OnJuly31,1931,AliceMunrowasborninacommonRanchersfamilyinasmalltown,Wingham,inthesouthofOntarioinCanada.Herfather,RobertEricLaidlaw,wasarancher,raisingfoxes.Hermother,AnneClarkeLaidlaw,wasaprimaryschoolteacher.Herparentstookhertothisplacein1927.Theyboughtafarm,beginningtoraisingfoxes.However,theychosethewrongtimetobegintheircareer,meetingwiththedownturntrendoffurmarket.Soshedidnotliveinarichfamily.Butherparentspaymuchattentiontohereducation.ShespendsallherlifetimelivinginCanada:
ShegrewupandgoteducatedinthesouthofOntario,andthenlivedtwentyyearsinVancouverwithherfirsthusband.ShereturnedtothesouthofOntarioandlivestheretillnow.Thelifeinthissmalltownhasinfluencedheralotonherlaterwritingcareer.“SheisnodoubtCanada’sleadingshort-fictionwriterandhas,overfivedecades,createdanimpressiveoeuvre”(Nischik,2007:
205).Shebegantowritewhenshewasateenager.Atthattime,shehasshownhertalentforwriting.Marcelasaidthat“Manycharactersinthestoriesmayfindprototypesfromherownfamilyorherneighborhood”(Marcela,2006:
83).
AliceMunroneveradmitsthatsheisafeministwriter,butalmostallherfictionsarewrittenfromfemaleperspective.Munrowasunavoidablyinfluencedbythesecondwaveoffeminism,whichappearedinthe1960’sinEurope.Thesecondwaveoffeminisminheritedanddevelopedtheviewsofthefirstwave,aimedatcriticizinggenderdiscriminationandpatriarchy.What’smore,thesecondwaveemphasizeswomen’sinnerconsciousness,awakeningtheinnerthoughtsofwomentochangemen-centeredsociety.Therefore,itisnecessaryandmeaningfultoanalyzeRunawayfromfeministperspectiveandtoexplainthefeminismcontainedinit.
1.2AnintroductiontoRunaway
Munrohasshapedmanyordinaryfemalecharactersinherfictions.Thethemeofherworkshasbeenagirl’sdilemmascomingtotermswithherfamilyandthesmalltownshegrowsupinandlivedevidentlyinherearlyshortstories.Recently,shehasshiftedherfocustothetriviaofmiddle-agedwomenortheelder.
Runawayisatypicalonethatdescribesdifferentwomen’sexperienceanddilemmas.Itincludeseightshortstories,dealingwithconflictsconcerningwomen’sdifferentissues,suchastherelationshipbetweenhusbandandwife,relationshipbetweendaughterandfatherormotherandsoon.
ThetitlestoryRunawaytellsCarla’srunningawayfromherviolenthusbandwiththehelpofherneighborMrs.Jamieson,butunexpectedly,attheendofthestory,shereturned.AseriesofstoriesChance,Soon,andSilenceretellthestoriesofJuliet,focusingonherrelationshipwithherparentsSamandSara,loverEricanddaughterPenelopethroughherearlytwentiesandtheninmiddleage.InthestoryPassion,GracefallsinlovewithMaury.However,wheneveryoneincludingherselfthinkstheywouldgetmarriedsoon,shefleestogetherwithMaury’shalf-brotherNeil.TrespassesnarratesthestorybetweenLauren,ayounggirl,andanoldwoman,Delphine,whoisveryinterestedinLauren.InTricks,Robinmeetsher“Mr.Right”aftershehasfinishedaplayatStratford.Theymakeapromisethattheywillmeetinthesameplacenextyear.However,shemissedhimatlast,becauseGodmadeajokeonthem.Powersisthemostambiguousstory.IttellsaboutthetangleofthelifeamongTessa,apsychicgirl,astranger,Ollieandherfriend,Nancy.Theseeightshortstorieshavesomethingincommoninthesensethattheheroinesaremostlyattachedtomenintheeconomy,buttheyallwanttogetridofthebondageofmen,familyandsuffering,toobtainrealfreedomandindependence.Sotheychoosetorunawayfortheirawakeningfemaleconsciousness.However,theirfemaleconsciousnessisnotmatureenoughtomakethemsucceed.
1.3TheoreticalBasis
ThetheoreticalbasisofthisstudyisFeminism.Feminismisarangeofpoliticalmovements,ideologies,andsocialmovementsthatshareacommongoal:
todefine.Establish,andachievepolitical,economic,personal,andsocialrightsforwomen.(MaryE,2006:
25-27)FeminismappearedinFrancein1870,andsincethenitwasintroducedintootherEuropeancountriesandAmerica.IthasexperiencedmorethanahundredyearsofdevelopmentandchangesintheWestcountries.Withthedevelopmentofwomen'sliberationmovement,feminismcanbedividedintothreeperiods,includingthefirstwaveattheendofeighteenthcentury,thesecondwavein1860sandthethirdwavein1990s.
BoDipointsoutthatFeminismisalsoknownasthefeministmovement,whichreferstosocialtheoryandpoliticalmovementmainlybasedonfemaleexperience.Exceptforthecritiqueofsocialrelations,manyFeministsupportersalsofocusonanalysisongenderdiscriminationandpromotewomen'srightsandinterests.(BoDi,2007)
WangLuandZhouWeisaysthat,inthemodernsociety,Postmodernfeminismsupportersoftenadvocateeliminatingtheoppositionofmaleandfemale.Ononehand,theyaffirmthefeministmovementtoprotectwomen'ssocialrightsandinterests.Ontheotherhand,feministstrytosubvertthetraditionalfamilymodel.Inthecontemporarysociety,basedonthemale-centeredpatriarchalsystem,womenshouldtrytoobtaintheirindependenceandliberationwhilemaintainingthetraditionalfamilymodel.(qtd.inWangLu&ZhouWei,2015:
101)Munrodoesn'tadvocatefeminismandwomen'sstruggleinRunaway.However,shepaysattentiontothesurvivalofhumannatureratherthanideologyfromthefemaleperspective.Theheroines,facedwithself-denialoflife,chooseashortescape.Women'sconsciousnessofself-independenceandnotdependingonmenbeginstobeawakenedanddeveloped.Unfortunately,theycan’tgetridofthecruelreality.Whattheycandoistoreturntotheoriginalbondageandlivebravely.Thentheycanbethemselvesandfindtherelativeindependenceandfreedomintheirownfields.
2.Theawakeningoffemaleconsciousnessinfamily
Inthearticle“TheSweetnessofHome:
Class,Culture,andFamilyLifeinSweden”.(Orvar,2003:
142-159),pointsoutthathomeisthepronounoffeelings,warmness,safety,harmonyandcomfortable.Thatistosaythathomeislikeahugecradleforpeople.Itcanprovideuswithacomfortablespace.Itcangiveyoustrengthtorealizeyourdream.Itcangiveyouashelter,whenyouarefacedwithnaturalstormandlifestorm.
However,noeveryonehashomelikethat.Maybetheywillmeetwiththeparents’misunderstanding,familymembers’exclusion,domesticviolence,andsoon.Theycan’tfindtheiridentityathomeandtheycan’tberecognized.Therefore,whentheyarefacedwiththese,theywillchoosetorunaway.
Thispartfocusesontheawakeningofthewomeninthefamilyintwoaspects.Inthepatriarchalsociety,menarealwaysconsideredsuperiortowomen.Somenhavediscoursepowerinhisfamilies.Whatwomencandoistoobeythem.Thispartarguesthatthefamily-centeredwomentrytofindself-identitybyfightingagainsttheauthoritiesfromtheirparentsandhusbands.Then,thereisthediscussionabouttheimportantrelationshipsbetweenthedaughterandparents,wifeandhusband.Inthesestories,escapingfromfamilyismostsorrowful.Throughtheanalysisoftherelationshipsinfamily,itshowsthenewimagesofwomenwhowanttogainfreedombyfightingagainstthephysicalandspiritualabuseinthefamily.
2.1Daughter’srebellionagainstparents
Mostoftheheroines’parentsinthenovelareinfluencedbythesexualrevolutionofthe1950s.Theypursueknowledge,independence,thoughts,personality
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- 关 键 词:
- 逃离 女性 意识 觉醒 毕业论文