高考英语综合题专题复习阅读理解专题解析及答案.docx
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高考英语综合题专题复习阅读理解专题解析及答案.docx
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高考英语综合题专题复习阅读理解专题解析及答案
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Ahomescienceexperimentrecentlytooktheworldbystorm.TwoteensfromToronto,inCanada,sentaLegomanrisingabovetheEarthandcapturedtheirtinyastronaut'striponfilm.
MathewHoandAsadMuhammad,both17,usedaweatherballoontolaunchtheirplasticlegomodel16milesabovetheEarth.ThisisinsideapartofEarth'satmosphere.
ThetwoteenswereinspiredbyasimilarprojectperformedbystudentsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT).TheMITstudentshadlaunchedaweatherballoonwithacameraintonearspaceandtakenmanyunusualimagesoftheEarth.MathewandAsadthenspendfourmonthsfiguringouthowtolaunchtheirownspacecraftintothespace.
TravellingtospaceisexpensiveforNASA,butMathewandAsadworkedhardtokeeptheircostsdown.TheyboughtmuchoftheirequipmentusedandevensewedtheLegoman'sparachutebyhand.Intotal,theprojectcostonly$400.
"Wehadalotofanxietyonlaunchdaybecausetherewerehighwindswhenweweregoingup,"Mathewtoldreporters.Theyhadtopumpextrahelium(氦)intotheballoonsothatitwouldrisequicklyandavoidbeingblowntoofaroffcoursebythestrongwinds.
Thetoyastronaut'sjourneylasted97minutesbeforetheballoonbrokeandhefellbacktoEarth.MathewandAsadthenspenttwoweekendslookingfortheirspacecraft.Ithadlanded76milesawayfromthelaunchsite.
Thestudentscientistsarecurrentlyfinishinguptheirfinalyearofhighschoolandapplyingforcolleges.Theyarealsolookingintomoredo-it-yourselfspaceprojects.
"Iguesstheskyisnotreallythelimitanymore,"Mathewtoldreporters."Weneverknewwe'dgetthisfar.It'sbeenalessonforusthathardworkpaysoff."
(1)Bysaying"tooktheworldbystorm"inthefirstparagraph,thewritermeanttheexperiment______________.
A. destroyedtheworld
B. floodedtheworld
C. fascinatedtheworld
D. managedtheworld
(2)WhichofthefollowingaboutthestudentsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyisright?
A.TheywereexamplesforMathewHoandAsadMuhammad.
B.TheyhelpedMathewHoandAsadMuhammadtoachievedream.
C.TheylaunchedweatherballoontogetherwithMathewHoandAsadMuhammad.
D.TheystudiedwithMathewHoandAsadMuhammadinthesameschool.
(3)HowdidMathewHoandAsadMuhammadkeeptheircostsdown?
A.Bysewingtheweatherballoonthemselves.
B.ByborrowingspacecraftfromtheMITstudents.
C.Bymakingtheirspacecraftbyhand.
D.Byusingsecond-handequipment.
(4)WhatproblemsdidMathewHoandAsadMuhammadhaveonlaunchday?
A.Theyranoutofhelium.
B.Thewindwastoostrong.
C.Theballoonsuddenlybroke.
D.Theirspacecraftwasblownaway.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)A
(3)D
(4)B
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。
文章主要讲述两个来自加拿大的高三学生利用气象气球把他们的玩具乐高人送到太空的过程和结果,并从中学到了努力终会有回报。
(1)推理判断题。
根据画线部分后面的TwoteensfromToronto,inCanada,sentaLegomanrisingabovetheEarthandcapturedtheirtinyastronaut'striponfilm.两个来自加拿大的少年把乐高人送入太空,并且把航空之行的过程拍下来了。
这是一件很了不起的事情,故推测这件事吸引了全世界的目光,即画线部分的意思是"吸引了全世界",故选C项。
(2)细节理解题。
根据文章第三段的ThetwoteenswereinspiredbyasimilarprojectperformedbystudentsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT).可知这两个孩子是受到了两个麻省理工学生相似实验的启发,然后做了他们自己的实验,即他们是这两个孩子的榜样,故选A项。
(3)细节理解题。
根据文章第四段的TheyboughtmuchoftheirequipmentusedandevensewedtheLegoman'sparachutebyhand.Intotal,theprojectcostonly$400.可知他们很多的设备都是二手的,甚至自己缝制乐高人的降落伞,所以他们的总费用才花了400美元,故选D项。
(4)细节理解题。
根据文章第五段的"Wehadalotofanxietyonlaunchdaybecausetherewerehighwindswhenweweregoingup,"Mathewtoldreporters.可知,在进行发射的那天风速很快,这让他们很担心,故选B项。
【点评】考查阅读理解。
本文涉及细节理解题和推理判断题。
细节理解题要注意从文中寻找答案;推理判断题需要联系上下文,推断出需要的信息。
2.阅读理解
In1953,amountainclimberreportedseeingabar-headedgoosesoaroverthepeakofMountEverest(珠穆朗玛).Itwasthoughtimpossible.Nowresearcherswhoraised19ofthegeese—namedfortheblackstripesonthebacksoftheirheads—haveshownthebirdsreallyflysohigh.
Theteamtrainedtheyoungsterstoflyinalargewindtunnelwearingbackpacksandfacemasksfullofsensorsthatrecordedtheirheartrate.bloodoxygenlevels,temperature,andmetabolicrate—howmanycaloriestheyburnedperhour.Theresearcherssimulated(模拟)10w-,medium-,andhigh-altitudeconditionsbyalteringtheconcentrationofoxygensuppliedtofacemaskswornbyeachgooseasitflewinthetunnel.
Birdsalreadyhaveabetterheartandlungsthanmammalsforsustainedphysicalactivity.Andresearchersknewthatbar-headedgeesehaveevenlarger,thinnerlungsthatletthembreathemoredeeplyandanevenbiggerhearttopumpmoreoxygentomusclesthanotherbirds.
Thewindtunnelexperimentsshowedthatwhentheconcentrationofoxygenwasatitslowest-likethe7%foundontopofMountEverestversus21%atsealevel—thegeese'sheartrateandfrequencyofwingbeatsremainedthesameevenastheirmetabolicratedropped.Somehow,thebirdsmanagedtocooldowntheirblood-themeasuredbloodtemperaturedroppedsoitcouldtakeinmoreoxygen,theresearchersreporttodayineLife.Thiscoolinglikelyhelpscompensatefortheverythinair,theteamsays.
Althoughwelltrained,thebirdswereonlywillingtostayintheairafewminutes-orlesswhenwearingtheirbackpacksandflyingat6ihigh"altitudes.Soit'snotclearwhethertheseadaptationsalonearewhatmakeitpossibletoflythe8hoursittakestoclimboverMountEverest.ButthosefewminutesshowedthesegeesereallycouldflyoverthetopofMountEverest.
(1)Whydidtheresearchersraise19bar-headedgeeseandtrainthem?
A. Totesttheflyingheightandspeedofthem.
B. ToconfirmtheycouldflyoverMountEverest.
C. Toobservethemflyingthroughthewindtunnel.
D. Toseehowmanycaloriestheyburnedperhour.
(2)Whatcanwelearnfromthewindtunnelexperiment?
A. Itwascarriedoutatveryhighaltitude.
B. Thegeesemanagedtobreathelesswhentheirblooddecreased.
C. Thegeesecouldlivethroughthelowestconcentrationofoxygen.
D. Itshowsthegeesecouldflyathighaltitudeforlong.
(3)Whatstillpuzzlesscientistsaboutthegeese?
A. Whethertheyhavesuperheartsandlungs.
B. Whethertheyhavemusclespumpedmoreoxygento.
C. Whethertheyarewillingtowearbackpacksandfacemasks.
D. Whethertheycanmanagetofly8hourstoclimboverMountEverest.
(4)Wheredoesthetextmostprobablycomefrom?
A. Asciencefiction.
B. Aclimbingguide.
C. Atravelbrochure.
D. Asciencereport.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)D
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰,为了确认其真实性,研究人员养了18只这种鹅,在大型风洞中训练它们飞行。
结果发现这种鹅可以在氧气极低的情况下飞行,但停留时间只有几分钟,因此能否飞过珠峰尚不明确。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的"In1953,amountainclimberreportedseeingabar-headedgoosesoaroverthepeakofMountEverest.Itwasthoughtimpossible."报道说,一名登山者看到一只斑头鹅飞过珠穆朗玛峰。
人们认为这是不可能的;以及"Nowresearcherswhoraised19ofthegeese-namedfortheblackstripesonthebacksoftheirheads-haveshownthebirdsreallyflysohigh."现在研究人员饲养了这种鹅,他们发现这些鹅真的飞得很高。
再根据最后一段中的"Soit'snotclearwhethertheseadaptationsalonearewhatmakeitpossibletoflythe8hoursittakestoclimboverMountEverest.ButthosefewminutesshowedthesegeesereallycouldflyoverthetopofMountEverest."但是否能让这种鹅飞8小时爬上珠穆朗玛峰尚不清楚。
由此可推断出研究人员饲养这种鹅是为了证实这种鹅是否能飞过珠峰。
故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的"Thewindtunnelexperimentsshowedthatwhentheconcentrationofoxygen...thegeese'sheartrateandfrequencyofwingbeatsremainedthesameevenastheirmetabolicratedropped....theresearchersreporttodayinelife.Thiscoolinglikelyhelpscomp"可知风洞实验表明,当氧气浓度最低时,鹅的心率和翅膀搏动频率保持不变,即使它们的新陈代谢率下降。
研究人员今天在《伊利费》杂志上报道说,...这种降温可能有助于补偿空气的稀薄;第五段中的"Althoughwelltrained,thebirdswereonlywillingtostayintheairafewminutes-orless..."尽管训练有素,但这些鸟只愿意在空中呆上几分钟。
这两处综合推断出,鹅可以在最低浓度的氧气中生存。
故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的"Soit'snotclearwhethertheseadaptationsalonearewhatmakeitpossibletoflythe8hoursittakestoclimboverMountEverest."可知,目前尚不清楚的是,只有这些适应性变化能否可以飞行8小时爬上珠穆朗玛峰。
故选D。
(4)考查推理判断。
第一段中提到登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰。
为了证实是否可能,研究人员养了18只这种鹅,并在大型风洞中训练它们飞行。
结果发现这种鹅可以在氧气极低的情况下飞行,但停留时间只有几分钟,因此能否飞过珠峰尚不明确。
由此可知本文属于科普文章。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,要求考生根据上下文进行分逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Arecentstudyfindsthatthedirtonthegroundislikelytoworsenclimatechange.Researchershaveshownthatwarmertemperaturesareheatingthesoil,whichiscausingmicrobes(微生物)tobecomemoreactiveandreleasemoreofthesoil'scarbonintotheatmosphere.Thesesoilchangescanpotentiallycontributetoevenhighertemperatures.
Scientistsstudieddevicereadings,soilmeasurements,plantgrowthdetailsandsatelliteobservationsfromaroundtheworld.Theirworkisthemostcompletestudyonthesubject.
Theyfoundasharpincreaseincarbonreleasedintotheatmospherebybacteriaandfungi(真菌)insoilfrom1990to2014.Researchersexplainthatthecarboncomesfromthedeadplantsandleavesthemicrobeseat.Astemperaturesrise,themicrobeseatmore.Andthemoretheyeat,themorecarboncanbemadeintocarbondioxideandreleasedintotheatmosphere.
Thisuncontrolledcyclespeedsupandintensifiesclimatechange.Overall,soilreleasesaboutninetimesmorecarbonthanhumanactivities.Butthatispartofanaturalcycle:
theamountofcarbonreleasedintotheairisaboutequaltothecarbonoceansandplantstakein.
However,carbonreleasedfromfossilfuelcausesanimbalance.Burningcoal,oilandnaturalgasputsmorecarbonintotheatmospherethannaturecantakein.Theadditionalcarbonheatstheairandsoil.Andastheairandsoilgethotter,theearthwillreleasemorecarbonthanithasbeenholding.
Ifsomethingisn'tdone,wearereal
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