宾语从句中连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略.ppt
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宾语从句中连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略.ppt
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高考英语精讲精练课件,名词性从句,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,主语从句在句中做-宾语从句在句中做-表语从句在句中做-同位语从句在句中-,主语,宾语,表语,同位语,1.Thathewillcomeiscertain.,2.Iknowthathewillcome.,3.ThetruthisthatIhavebeenthere.,4.Thefactthatshewaslatesurprisedus.,为什么叫名词性从句?
_,整个从句相当于一个名词,比较:
Themanlookedaround.Thattheboyfailedagainintheexamdisappointedhismother.,同样作主语,从句可以表示较复杂的含义,一般是个动作或性质,Iknowhim.Iknowthatheiswritinghiscompositioninhisroom,2.为什么要有名词性从句?
那人看了看四周.(名词作主语),那孩子考试又不及格令他母亲很失望.(从句作主语),我知道他在房间里写作文.,从句的特征:
是一个句子,有一个引导词,引导词做从句的一个成分(that除外),名词能做的成分,从句都能做,从句表达的意思比名词复杂得多,主语从句,thatwhetherwhowhomwhosewhatwhichwhenwherewhyhow,从句引导词:
1.ThatheknowsJapaneseisknowntoall.,他懂英语,这一点大家都知道,令我惊讶的是在这儿见到他.,3.Whenhewillcomeisunknown.,4.Whetherheiscomingdoesntmattermuch.,他来不来没什么要紧的,他什么时候来不清楚.,他们是怎么登上山顶的仍是个秘密.,5.Itremainsasecrethowtheyclimbedupthemountain.,主语从句的位置1.在句首2.主语较长时通常放在后面,句首主语用It,主语太长了!
放到句尾,Details,Details,Details,Details,That无词义,不可省略,What“什么”,“所.的”,2.Whatsurprisedmewastoseehimhere.,When“什么时候”,主语从句不用if,位于句首,It作主语的常用句型有:
1.It+be+形容词+that从句,2.It+be+名称词组(duty/pity.)+that从句,3.It+be+过去分词(said/thought.)+that从句,4.It+不及物动词(seem/happen.)+that从句,Itisapitythatwecantgoswimming.,Itissaidthathetoldhereverything.,IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.,Itiscertainthathewilldowellintheexam.,真可惜我们不能去游泳.碰巧那天我外出了.他考试肯定会考好.据说他已告诉了她一切.,注意:
Itlookedthathewasright.()可以说:
Itlooksasif.,happen只有it句型,Itissaid只有it句型,More,用形式主语it的主语从句常见结构,Itisclear(necessary,important,possible,remarkablethat很清楚(必要,重要,可能,值得注意等),Itisafact(agoodthing,goodnews)that事实是(好事是,好消息是),Itiswell-known(reported,recorded,estimated,said,believed)that众所周知(据报道,据记载,据说,据估计),Itturnsout(seems,happens,appears)that结果是(似乎是,碰巧是,好象是),Ithasbeenfound(hasbeenproved,canbeseen,mustbepointedout)that已发现(已证明,可以看出,需指出),用it句型翻译:
据说今年高一学生要学新教材.事实是他们靠自己完成了所有的任务.碰巧他们已经参加过军训了.众所周知,比尔盖茨是世界上最富有的人.我们应该养成好的学习习惯这很重要.,ItissaidthattheSeniorGradeonestudentswilllearnanewtextthisyear.,Itisafactthattheyfinishedalltheworkbythemselves.,Ithappenedthattheyhadhadtheirmilitarytraining.,Itiswell-knownthatBillGatesistherichestpersonintheworld.,Itisimportantthatwe(should)formagoodhabitofstudying.,Note:
Itisimportant/necessary/natural/ourduty/essential/strangethatsb(should)dosth.固定句型,should可以省略,翻译:
真奇怪他今天竟然迟到了.,Itisstrangethatheshouldbelatetoday.,strange不省略should为好,表语从句,从句同主语从句(11个),外加asif/引导词:
asthough,1.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeentothecountryside.,2.ThequestioniswhetherwcanfinishtheexperimentbyFriday.,3.Itlooksasifitweregoingtorain.,实际情况是他从未去过农村.that一般不省略,问题在于我们能否在明天下午之前完成这项实验.表语从句不用if,4.Thisschoolisnolongerwhatitwasbefore.,这所学校已不再是从前的那个样子了.what=thethingthat,More,系动词后面,注意下列表语从句中where,how,why的译法,ThisiswhereLuXunoncelived.Thatwashowtheywonthematch.Thisiswhyshegotupsoearlythismorning.,这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方.,他们就是这样赢得这场比赛的.,这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因.,我们就是这样克服困难的.那就是他昨天缺席的原因.这就是我们上星期碰头的地方.,Thisis/Thatwashowweovercamethedifficulties.,Thatiswhyhewasabsentyesterday.,ThisiswherewemetlastSunday.,Thisis总是现在时Thatis表示性质Thatwas指过去动作,固定句型:
ThisiswhereThisiswhyThisishow.,这就是的地方,这就是的原因,这就是的方法,宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略:
(1)当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,第二个that不能省;
(2)当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。
(3)用it做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.,宾语从句,whether与if的辨用,表“是否”时,在下列情况下用whether。
a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句e.介词后的宾语从句f.后接动词不定式(whethertodosth.)g.whetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if,1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句a.当whether后紧跟ornot时,不用if.eg:
IdontknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.eg:
IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.,2.注意whether和if的使用区别,Practicetime,if/whether1.Iaskedher_shehadabike.3.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.4.Idontknow_heiswellornot.5.Idontknow_ornotheiswell.8.Idontknow_togo.,if/whether,whether,whether/if,whether,whether,Idoubtif/whetherhewillpasstheexam.Idontdoubtthatwewillwinthematch.Doyoudoubtthathediditonhisown?
doubt问题,肯定句中用if/whether,否定句中用that,疑定句中用that,Idoubt_heistellingthetruth.Weneverdoubt_theplanwillbecarriedout.Doeshedoubt_youarefromAustria?
Imdoubtful_hewillagreetothis.,if/whether,that,that,if/whether,宾语从句经常做介词的宾语,TheSwedestoodstill,except_hislipsmovedslightly.Sheisnotsatisfiedwith_shehasachieved.Maryalwaysthinksof_shecandomorefortheclass.Hewrotealetterofthanksto_helpedhim.(任何一个),5.Itdependsonifwehaveenoughtime.,whetherwehaveenoughtime.,介词后面不用if,that,what,how,whoever,6.Areyousorryforwhichyouhavedone?
whatyouhavedone?
介词后面不用which,宾语从句经常作表语形容词的宾语,Imafraid(that)Illbelate.Weweresurprisedthathelostthegame.,我恐怕要迟到了.that可以省略,我们对他在比赛中的失败感到惊异.,此类表语形容词有:
afraidpleasedhappysatisfiedanxioussuresurprisedcertaingladaware用它们造句,that从句只跟在except,but,in,besides,save五个介词后面,M,Wethinkthatmiddleschoolstudentsmasteroneforeignlanguagepossible.(改用形式宾语it)2.Wehavemadethataforeignlanguageisusefulweaponinthestruggleoflifeclear.(改用形式宾语it),我认为学好英语是必要的.,IconsiderthatweshouldlearnEnglishwellnecessary.,Weconsiderhersuitableforthejob.,considerfindthinkfeelmake等动词常带宾语补足语,这时要用形式宾语it,宾语从句放到宾补之后,Wethinkitpossiblethatmiddleschoolstudentsmasteroneforeignlanguage.,Wehavemadeitclearthataforeignlanguageisusefulweaponinthestruggleoflife.,More,correction,Theemperorwaspleasedbywhichtheministertoldhimaboutit.Areyousorryforthatyouhaveannoyedhim?
Ifindthatthisshouldbekeptsecretforthetimebeingnecessary.Canyoudoubtifshewillsucceed?
Iworriedaboutifmybrotherwillreturnintime.Shesaidthatshehasnevertoldalie.WillyoutellmewhenheleavesforParis?
OurfootballteamwonthematchlastSundayexcitedallofus.Itlookedthathewaswellpreparedfortheunexpectedchallenge.Thathesaidmovedeveryonepresent.,what,itnecessarythatthisshouldbekeptsecretforthetimebeing,thatshewillsucceed?
whethermybrotherwillreturnintime.,had,willleaveforParis?
ThatourfootballteamwonthematchlastSundayexcitedallofus,What,Itseemed,which不做介词宾语,that不做介词宾语,从句缺少引导词,that不做句子成分,没有Itlookthat表达式,同位语从句,被修饰词有:
fact,news,hope,opinion,order,question,problem,belief,truth,theory,decision,discovery,conclusion,promise,rumor,fear,thought,suggestion,plan,idea,同位语从句说明它们的内容,常见引导词:
that,whether(if),how,wh-疑问词,Thefactthatdeedsarebetterthanwordsisquiteclear.ThequestionhowIdiditishardtoanswer.Theyhadnoideawheretheyshouldgotofindsomefood.Thequestionwhetherhecomesornotisnotimportant.(if)Athoughtcametomethathemightbeinthelibrary.,事实胜于雄辨这一道理非常清楚.,我怎么做的这一问题难回答.,他们根本不知去哪儿找食物,他是否来这个问题不重要.,我突然想到他可能在图书馆.被别的词隔开,that无词义,1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight.,_,Thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,_,WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.,4.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.,5.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.,3.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyBritishparentsholdtheview.,_,ManyBritishparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldntspendtoomuchtimeonline.,_,Thereisnoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible.,_,_,ThesuggestionthatChinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.,一、同位语从句与定语从句的相似之处,1、两种从句都可以译成定语e.g.,Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.(同位语从句)我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。
Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.(定语从句)你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。
2、两种从句都可以用that引导e.g.,Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.(同位语从句)学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。
Thesuggestionthatisworthconsideringisthatthestudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.(定语从句)值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。
二、同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处,1、从句的作用不同:
同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容;定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。
e.g.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.(从句说明“消息”的内容:
我们队取得了决赛胜利。
)Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.(从句对“消息”加以限定:
是你告诉我们的,而非来自其他渠道。
但消息是何内容却不得而知。
),2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同:
that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词,不充当任何成分;而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。
e.g.1)DadmadeapromisethathewouldbuymeCDplayerifIpassedtheEnglishtest.(that不充当任何成分)2)Dadmadeapromisethatexcitedallhischildren.(that指代promise,又在从句中充当主语。
),考点之一:
考查名词性从句中that与what的区别考例:
_wecantgetseemsbetterthan_wehave.A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what分析:
(注:
划线的选项为最佳答案,下同.)在名词性从句中that与what的区别是:
that在名词性从句中不作句子成分,只起连接作用;而what在名词性从句中不仅起连接作用,而且作句子成分.句子的意思是:
我们不能得到的似乎比我们已经拥有的要好.此题考查了两个名词性从句:
主语从句和宾语从句,what在这两个名词性从句中都作宾语.,考点之二:
考查名词性从句中的it作形式主语或形式宾语考例1:
_isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It分析:
在这种名词性从句中为了保持句子的平衡,往往用先行词it作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放到后面,尤其是that引导的主语从句往往用先行词it作形式主语.此句也可以改写为:
ThatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguageisafact.考例2:
Ihate_whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.thisD.them分析:
此题考查的是用先行词it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放到后面.其他几个词均不能作形式宾语.,考点之三:
考查名词性从句的语序考例:
Thephotographswillshowyou_.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike,分析:
在名词性从句中,除了关联词要提到句首之外,一律要用陈述句语序。
当关联词含疑问意义时,有的学生就会受习惯影响错误地使用疑问句语序。
克服这种错误的关键是要找准从句中的主语和谓语。
本题句子的意思是:
这些照片会告诉你我们村子是什么样。
本题中根据引导词what要作介词like的宾语,而副词how不能作介词like的宾语,所以首先排除C、D,而A项是疑问句语序,故只能选B。
考点之四:
考查名词性从句中的whether,if以及that的区别考例1:
_wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.Wheth
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