呼吸内科常用英语全.docx
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呼吸内科常用英语全.docx
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呼吸内科常用英语全
呼吸内科常用英语(全)
Paroxysmal[,pærək'sizməl]nocturnal[nɔk'tə:
nəl]dyspnea夜间阵发性呼吸困难
Shortnessofbreath(SOB)
Chesttightness胸部紧迫感
Exerciseintolerance
pleuriticchestpain胸膜型胸痛
Pharyngalgia[færin'gældʒiə];pharyngodynia[,færiŋ'ɡɔdiniə]咽痛
Hemoptysis咯血
Bucking呛咳
Sneeze喷嚏
snore打鼾
malaise[mæ'leiz]不舒服
myalgia[mai'ældʒiə]肌痛
insomnia[in'sɔmniə]失眠
hoarseness声嘶
dysphonia[dis'fəuniə]发声困难
常见的体征physicalsigns
clubbedfingers杵状指:
increasedlongitudinal[,lɔndʒi'tju:
dinəl]andtransverse横向curvature['kə:
vətʃə]弯曲,lossofconcave['kɔnkeiv]凹面的nailfoldangle,bogginessofnailbedandincreasedsofttissuebulkofdistalphalanx['fælæŋks,'fei-]趾骨,指骨,drumstick-like
nicotinestaining
cyanosis[,saiə'nəusis]发绀:
bluediscolourationofmucosalmembranesandskin,causedwhenmeancapillaryconcentrationofdeoxyhemoglobin[di:
ɔksi'heməu,ɡləubin]去氧血红蛋白morethan5g/dl,O2saturationlessthan85%,PaO2lessthan8KPa
peripheral[pə'rifərəl]外围的,次要的cyanosis:
coldblueperipheries,e.g.nailbedsduetocoldexposures
centralcyanosis:
warmperipheries,bluetongueorlips
handflap:
duetoCO2retention潴留
asterixis扑翼样震颤
papilloedema视乳头水肿
chemosis球结膜水肿
enlargedsupraclavicula锁骨上的r[klæ'vikjulə]andaxillary[æk'siləri]腋窝lymphnodes
increasedrespiratoryrate
tachycardia心动过速
pulsusparadoxus:
>10mmHg↓oninspiration(seeninsevereasthma)
barrelchest
hyperexpanded,decreasedexpansion
kyphosis[kai'fəusis]驼背,脊柱后凸
Inspection:
tachypnea[,tækip'ni:
ə]呼吸急促
accessorymusclesofrespiration[,respə'reiʃən]:
sternocleidomastoid['stə:
nəu,klaidə'mæstɔid]胸锁乳突肌muscle,armsupport,alaeflaring
wideornarrowintercostal[,intə'kɔstəl]肋间的space
tactile触觉的vocal声音的fremitus震颤触觉语颤
subcutaneouscrepitus皮下捻发感
Percussion:
resonance清音
dullness浊音
flatness实音
hyperresonance过清音
tympany/timp2ni/鼓音
lowerborders:
scapular['skæpjulə]肩胛的lineXleft/rightintercostal[,intə'kɔstəl]肋间的space
rangeofmobility[məu'biləti]移动
Auscultation[,ɔ:
skəl'teiʃən]:
听诊
vocalresonance语音共振
ronchi:
wheeze,stridor['straidə]喘鸣,crackles['krækl]发出细碎的爆裂声,Velcro-likesoundes
moistrales:
coarse粗的,medium中等的,fine好的,crepitus捻发音
pleuralfrictionrubs
completeabsenceofbreathsounds
ankleedema
weightloss,cachexia[kə'keksiə]恶病质,cachectic[kə'kektik]恶病质的
decreasedfoodappetite,lossofappetite,anorexia[,ænə'reksiə]食欲减退
常做的检查examinationsorlaboratoryfindings
(totake,undergo,perform,receiveorhave)
temperaturecharts体温图(takeone’sbodytemperature)
sputumpot痰盂
Blood/urine/stoolroutine,occult['ɔkʌlt/bloodtest潜隐血试验
Bloodbiochemistry
Sputum/bloodcultureanddrugsensitivitytest
sputumcytology[sai'tɔlədʒi]细胞学
Pulseoximeter[ɔk'simitə]脉氧计:
continuousmonitoringofbloodoxygensaturation
Arterialbloodgasanalysis(ABG):
arterialbloodsampling,radial/femoral['femərəl]股骨的arterypuncture穿刺
PaCO2:
partialpressureofcarbondioxideinarterialbloodhypercarbia
PaO2:
partialpressureofoxygeninarterialbloodhypoxemia[,haipɔk'si:
miə]血氧不足
respiratoryfailure:
type1:
decreasedO2supply,PaO2<60mmHg(millimetersofmercury['mə:
kjuri]汞)
duetodiffusionfailureorV/Qdismatch(ventilation-perfusion(quotient)ratio)
pulmonaryedema,pneumonia,infarction,fibrosis,orpulmonaryembolism,pulmonaryhypertension,shunt
type2:
decreasedCO2removal,PaCO2>50mmHg(millimetersofmercury)
duetoalveolarventilationfailure
obstructive:
COPD,asthma,bronchiectasis
restrictive:
neuromuscular[,njuərəu'mʌskjulə]神经肌肉(sedatives['sɛdətiv]镇静剂myasthenia[,maiəs'θi:
niə]肌无力),structural['strʌktʃərəl]结构的(ankylosingspondylitis[,æŋki'ləuziŋ,spɔndi'laitis]强直性脊柱炎),pleuraldiseases,obesity
ChestX-ray/radiograph:
reticulo-nodularshadowing(reticular[ri'tikjulə]网状的,linear['liniə]线状的,militarynodules粟粒样结节)
coinlesions硬币样
cavities空腔:
amphoric['æmfərik]空翁音的(breathinglikeblowingoverabottletop)
opacification[əu,pæsifi'keiʃən]浑浊:
consolidation(airspaceinfiltrate):
confluent['kɔnfluənt]支流的,汇合的shadowingandairbronchogramf支气管造影
collapse:
lobar(upper,middle/lingual,lower)
segmentalatelactasis肺不张
pleuraleffusion
mediastinal[,mi:
diæs'tainəl]纵隔mass:
thyroid,thymoma[θai'məumə]胸腺瘤,teratoma[,terə'təumə]畸胎瘤,TBlymphnodes,
terriblediagnosesincludinglymphoma[lim'fəumə]淋巴瘤andaneurysm动脉瘤
ChestCTscan(computedtomography)
HeadMRI(magneticresonanceimaging)
PET-CTofthewholebody(positron-emissiontomography)['pɔzitrɔn]正电子
Abdominalultrasound['ʌltrəsaund]超声
skinpricktest皮肤点刺试验(dustmites尘螨,pollen花粉,cockroach蟑螂)
tuberculinskintest(purifiedproteinderivative[di'rivətiv]纯蛋白衍生物(oftuberculin)test,PPDtest)
Pulmonaryfunctiontest:
Spirometry[spai'rɔmitri]呼吸量测定法,肺量测定法
obstructivelungdiseases:
airflowlimitation
FEV1/FVCFVCRVandTLCKCO
<0.7↓↑↓
restrictivelungdiseases:
decreasedlungcomplianceandsmalllungvolumes
intraparenchymal>0.75↓↓↓↓
extraparenchymalvariable↓↓↓normal
FEV1:
forcedexpiratory[iks'paiərətəri/volumein1second
FVC:
forcevitalcapacity
TLC:
totallungcapacity
RV:
residualvolume
KCO:
transferfactor(diffusionrate)
PEFR:
peakexpiratoryflowrate
flow-volumeloop(inspirationandexpiration[,ekspi'reiʃən])
bronchoprovocation/challengetest[,prɔvə'keiʃən]支气管激发试验:
histamine['histəmmin]组胺ormethacholine乙酰甲胆碱-inhalation[,inhə'leiʃən]
bronchodilatation[,dailə'teiʃən]支气管舒张试验:
salbutamol沙丁胺醇[sæl'bju:
təmɔ(:
)l]
fiberopticbronchoscopy[brɔŋ'kɔskəpi]:
biopsy['bai,ɔpsi]活组织检查bronchialbrushsamplesforpathologicalexamation,bronchialwashings)
bronchoalveolarlavage(BAL)
protectedspecimenbrush(PS
transthoracic[,trænsθə'ræsik,]经胸廓的percutaneousneedleaspiration[,æspə'reiʃən]吸引术
percutanousneedlebiopsyunderCTguidance(forperipheraltumours)
video-assistedthoracoscopic-guided[θɔ'rækəskəup]胸腔镜lungbiopsy
openlungbiopsy
pleuralbiopsy
biopsyofenlargedlymphnodes
D-Dimers
electrocardiogram(ECG)心电图
echocardiogram超声心动图
V/Qisotope['aisəutəup]同位素scan(ventilation/perfusionscanning)
spiral螺旋CT/MRA(MagneticResonanceAngiography[,ændʒi'ɔɡrəfi]血管造影术)
pulmonaryangiography
Doppler['dɔplə]多普勒USSthigh[θai]大腿andpelvis['pelvis]骨盆(USS:
ultrasoundscanning)
cardiacmonitor
PSG(polysommography)
常见的病名diseases
acuteupperrespiratorytractinfection急性上呼吸道感染
commoncold普通感冒
influenza流感[,influ'enzə]
pharynigitis咽炎pharyngalgia[færin'gældʒiə]咽痛
acutebroncho-bronchitis急性气管-支气管炎
pneumonia肺炎
communityacquiredpneumonia(CAP)社区获得性肺炎
hospitalacquiredpneumonia(HAP)医院获得性肺炎
nosocomicalpneumonia(NP)医院内肺炎
bronchiectasis支气管扩张
chornicbronchitis慢性支气管炎
pulmonaryemphysema肺气肿
chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease(acuteexacerbating)AECOPDCOPD急性发作
bronchialasthma支气管哮喘
allergicrhinitis[rai'naitis]过敏性鼻炎
respiratoryfailure呼吸衰竭
lungabscess肺脓肿
pulmonarytuberculosis肺结核病
lungcancer:
肺癌
primarybronchogeniccarcinoma原发性支气管肺癌
squamous['skweiməs]cellcarcinoma鳞癌
adenocarcinoma腺癌['ædənəu,kɑ:
si'nəumə]
bronchoalveolarcellcarcinoma支气管肺泡细胞癌
smallcelllungcarcinoma(SCLC)小细胞肺癌
pulmonarymetastasis肺转移瘤[mə'tæstəsis]
pulmonaryembolism(PE)肺栓塞
pulmonarythromboembolism(PTE)肺血栓栓塞症[,θrɔmbəu'embəlizəm]
pulmonaryinfarction肺梗死
deepvenousthrombosis,DVT深静脉血栓形成
empyema脓胸[,empai'i:
mə]
pneumothorax气胸
pyopneumothorax脓气胸['paiəu,nju:
məu'θɔ:
ræks]
chronicsuppurativedisease慢性化脓性疾病['sʌpjuərətiv,-reitiv]
congenitalcyanoticdisease先天性紫绀性心脏病[,saiə'nɔtik]
corpulmonale肺源性心脏病['kɔ:
pumə'næli]
pulmonaryhypertension肺动脉高压
pulmonaryencephalopathy肺性脑病[en,sefə'lɔpəθi]
rightheartfailure;right-sidedheartfailure右心衰竭
pulmonaryvasculardiseases肺血管疾病
interstitiallungdisease,ILD弥漫性间质性肺疾病
idiopathicpulmonaryfibrosis,IPF特发性肺纤维化[,idiə'pæθik]
cryptogenic[,kriptəu'dʒenik]隐源性的fibrosingalveolitis,CFA隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎
connectivetissuerelatedlungdiseases结缔组织相关性肺疾病
systemiclupus['lju:
pəs]狼疮erythematosus,SLE系统性红斑狼疮
rheumatoidarthritis,RA类风湿性关节炎
systemicsclerosis,SSc系统性硬化
scleroderma硬皮病
sjoren’ssyndrome感知综合征
polymyositis多发性肌炎
dermatomyositis皮肌炎
sarcoidosis结节病[,sɑ:
kɔi'dəusis]
Pulmonaryalveolarproteinosis[,prəutii'nəusis],PAP肺泡蛋白沉积症
Idiopathicpulmonaryhemosiderosis['hi:
məu,sidə'rəusis,,hem-]特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病
Langerhanscellgranulomatosis朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病['ɡrænju,ləumə'təusis]
Eosinophilicgranuloma嗜酸性肉芽肿[,i:
əsinə'filik]
HistiocytosisX组织细胞增多症X
WegenergranulomatosisWegener肉芽肿
extrinsicallergicalveolitis外源性过敏性肺泡炎
pneumoconiosis尘肺['nju:
mə,kəuni'əusis]
drug-inducedlungdisease药物性肺病
aspergillosis[æ,spə:
dʒi'ləusis]曲菌病:
allergicbronchopulmonaryaspergillosis(ABPA)
pleuraldisease胸膜疾病
broncho-pleuralfistula支气管胸膜瘘['fistjulə]
oralcandidiasis口腔念珠菌病,鹅口疮[,kændi'daiəsis]
osteoporoticbonechange骨质疏松样改变
glaucoma青光眼
cataract白内障
acutelunginjury,ALI急性肺损伤
acuterespiratorydistresssyndrome,ARDS急性呼吸窘迫综合征
urticaria荨麻疹
eczema湿疹
hypertension高血压
diabetes糖尿病
常用的药物drugsoragents
beadministered,treatsb.with
empirical经验性的,prophylactic[,prɔfi'læktik,,prəu-]预防性,remedial[ri'mi:
diəl]治疗性
Expectorant祛痰药[eks'pektərənt]
Mucolytics粘液溶解剂[,mju:
kəu'litik]
bronchodilator支气管扩张剂[,brɔŋkəudai'leitə]
B2-agonists['æɡənist]兴奋剂:
short-acting:
salbutamol沙丁胺醇[sæl'bju:
təmɔ(:
)l]
long-acting:
salmeterol沙美特罗
muscarinic[,mʌskə'rinik]毒蕈碱样的antagonists[æn'tæɡənist]对抗剂:
ipratropiumbromide['brəumaid]异丙托溴胺
aminophylline氨茶碱[ə,mi:
nəu'fili:
n]
steroids['stiərɔid]类固醇inhaled:
budesonide布地奈德,beclomethasone[,bekləu'meθəsəun]倍氯米松,fluticasone氟替卡松
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