软件开发六班08210810633方杰5.docx
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软件开发六班08210810633方杰5.docx
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软件开发六班08210810633方杰5
第三次作业
touch
[fangjie@localhost~]$touch--help
Usage:
touch[OPTION]...FILE...
UpdatetheaccessandmodificationtimesofeachFILEtothecurrenttime.
Mandatoryargumentstolongoptionsaremandatoryforshortoptionstoo.
-achangeonlytheaccesstime
-c,--no-createdonotcreateanyfiles
-d,--date=STRINGparseSTRINGanduseitinsteadofcurrenttime
-f(ignored)
-mchangeonlythemodificationtime
-r,--reference=FILEusethisfile'stimesinsteadofcurrenttime
-tSTAMPuse[[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.ss]insteadofcurrenttime
--time=WORDchangethespecifiedtime:
WORDisaccess,atime,oruse:
equivalentto-a
WORDismodifyormtime:
equivalentto-m
--helpdisplaythishelpandexit
--versionoutputversioninformationandexit
Notethatthe-dand-toptionsacceptdifferenttime-dateformats.
IfaFILEis-,touchstandardoutput.
Reportbugsto
[fangjie@localhost~]$
rm
[fangjie@localhost~]$rm
rm:
missingoperand
Try`rm--help'formoreinformation.
[fangjie@localhost~]$rm--help
Usage:
rm[OPTION]...FILE...
Remove(unlink)theFILE(s).
-d,--directoryunlinkFILE,evenifitisanon-emptydirectory
(super-useronly;thisworksonlyifyoursystem
supports`unlink'fornonemptydirectories)
-f,--forceignorenonexistentfiles,neverprompt
-i,--interactivepromptbeforeanyremoval
--no-preserve-rootdonottreat`/'specially(thedefault)
--preserve-rootfailtooperaterecursivelyon`/'
-r,-R,--recursiveremovedirectoriesandtheircontentsrecursively
-v,--verboseexplainwhatisbeingdone
--helpdisplaythishelpandexit
--versionoutputversioninformationandexit
Bydefault,rmdoesnotremovedirectories.Usethe--recursive(-ror-R)
optiontoremoveeachlisteddirectory,too,alongwithallofitscontents.
Toremoveafilewhosenamestartswitha`-',forexample`-foo',
useoneofthesecommands:
rm---foo
rm./-foo
Notethatifyouusermtoremoveafile,itisusuallypossibletorecover
thecontentsofthatfile.Ifyouwantmoreassurancethatthecontentsare
trulyunrecoverable,considerusingshred.
Reportbugsto
[fangjie@localhost~]$
mv
Reportbugsto
[fangjie@localhost~]$mv
mv:
missingfileoperand
Try`mv--help'formoreinformation.
[fangjie@localhost~]$...-t
bash:
...:
commandnotfound
[fangjie@localhost~]$mv...-t
bash:
mv...-t:
commandnotfound
[fangjie@localhost~]$mv...-t
mv:
optionrequiresanargument--t
Try`mv--help'formoreinformation.
[fangjie@localhost~]$mv--help
Usage:
mv[OPTION]...[-T]SOURCEDEST
or:
mv[OPTION]...SOURCE...DIRECTORY
or:
mv[OPTION]...-tDIRECTORYSOURCE...
RenameSOURCEtoDEST,ormoveSOURCE(s)toDIRECTORY.
Mandatoryargumentstolongoptionsaremandatoryforshortoptionstoo.
--backup[=CONTROL]makeabackupofeachexistingdestinationfile
-blike--backupbutdoesnotacceptanargument
-f,--forcedonotpromptbeforeoverwriting
-i,--interactivepromptbeforeoverwrite
--strip-trailing-slashesremoveanytrailingslashesfromeachSOURCE
argument
-S,--suffix=SUFFIXoverridetheusualbackupsuffix
-t,--target-directory=DIRECTORYmoveallSOURCEargumentsintoDIRECTORY
-T,--no-target-directorytreatDESTasanormalfile
-u,--updatemoveonlywhentheSOURCEfileisnewer
thanthedestinationfileorwhenthe
destinationfileismissing
-v,--verboseexplainwhatisbeingdone
--helpdisplaythishelpandexit
--versionoutputversioninformationandexit
Thebackupsuffixis`~',unlesssetwith--suffixorSIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.
Theversioncontrolmethodmaybeselectedviathe--backupoptionorthrough
theVERSION_CONTROLenvironmentvariable.Herearethevalues:
none,offnevermakebackups(evenif--backupisgiven)
numbered,tmakenumberedbackups
existing,nilnumberedifnumberedbackupsexist,simpleotherwise
simple,neveralwaysmakesimplebackups
Reportbugsto
[fangjie@localhost~]$
cp
Reportbugsto
[fangjie@localhost~]$cp
cp:
missingfileoperand
Try`cp--help'formoreinformation.
[fangjie@localhost~]$cp--help
Usage:
cp[OPTION]...[-T]SOURCEDEST
or:
cp[OPTION]...SOURCE...DIRECTORY
or:
cp[OPTION]...-tDIRECTORYSOURCE...
CopySOURCEtoDEST,ormultipleSOURCE(s)toDIRECTORY.
Mandatoryargumentstolongoptionsaremandatoryforshortoptionstoo.
-a,--archivesameas-dpR
--backup[=CONTROL]makeabackupofeachexistingdestinationfile
-blike--backupbutdoesnotacceptanargument
--copy-contentscopycontentsofspecialfileswhenrecursive
-dsameas--no-dereference--preserve=link
-f,--forceifanexistingdestinationfilecannotbe
opened,removeitandtryagain
-i,--interactivepromptbeforeoverwrite
-Hfollowcommand-linesymboliclinks
-l,--linklinkfilesinsteadofcopying
-L,--dereferencealwaysfollowsymboliclinks
-P,--no-dereferenceneverfollowsymboliclinks
-psameas--preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps
--preserve[=ATTR_LIST]preservethespecifiedattributes(default:
mode,ownership,timestamps),ifpossible
additionalattributes:
context,links,all
-csameas--preserve=context
--no-preserve=ATTR_LISTdon'tpreservethespecifiedattributes
--parentsusefullsourcefilenameunderDIRECTORY
-R,-r,--recursivecopydirectoriesrecursively
--remove-destinationremoveeachexistingdestinationfilebefore
attemptingtoopenit(contrastwith--force)
--sparse=WHENcontrolcreationofsparsefiles
--strip-trailing-slashesremoveanytrailingslashesfromeachSOURCE
argument
-s,--symbolic-linkmakesymboliclinksinsteadofcopying
-S,--suffix=SUFFIXoverridetheusualbackupsuffix
-t,--target-directory=DIRECTORYcopyallSOURCEargumentsintoDIRECTORY
-T,--no-target-directorytreatDESTasanormalfile
-u,--updatecopyonlywhentheSOURCEfileisnewer
thanthedestinationfileorwhenthe
destinationfileismissing
-v,--verboseexplainwhatisbeingdone
-x,--one-file-systemstayonthisfilesystem
-Z,--context=CONTEXTsetsecuritycontextofcopytoCONTEXT
--helpdisplaythishelpandexit
--versionoutputversioninformationandexit
Bydefault,sparseSOURCEfilesaredetectedbyacrudeheuristicandthe
correspondingDESTfileismadesparseaswell.Thatisthebehavior
selectedby--sparse=auto.Specify--sparse=alwaystocreateasparseDEST
filewhenevertheSOURCEfilecontainsalongenoughsequenceofzerobytes.
Use--sparse=nevertoinhibitcreationofsparsefiles.
Thebackupsuffixis`~',unlesssetwith--suffixorSIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.
Theversioncontrolmethodmaybeselectedviathe--backupoptionorthrough
theVERSION_CONTROLenvironmentvariable.Herearethevalues:
none,offnevermakebackups(evenif--backupisgiven)
numbered,tmakenumberedbackups
existing,nilnumberedifnumberedbackupsexist,simpleotherwise
simple,neveralwaysmakesimplebackups
Asaspecialcase,cpmakesabackupofSOURCEwhentheforceandbackup
optionsaregivenandSOURCEandDESTarethesamenameforanexisting,
regularfile.
Reportbugsto
[fangjie@localhost~]$
ln
[fangjie@localhost~]$ln
ln:
missingfileoperand
Try`ln--help'formoreinformation.
[fangjie@localhost~]$ln--help
Usage:
ln[OPTION]...[-T]TARGETLINK_NAME(1stform)
or:
ln[OPTION]...TARGET(2ndform)
or:
ln[OPTION]...TARGET...DIRECTORY(3rdform)
or:
ln[OPTION]...-tDIRECTORYTARGET...(4thform)
Inthe1stform,createalinktoTARGETwiththenameLINK_NAME.
Inthe2ndform,createalinktoTARGETinthecurrentdirectory.
Inthe3rdand4thforms,createlinkstoeachTARGETinDIRECTORY.
Createhardlinksbydefault,symboliclinkswith--symbolic.
Whencreatinghardlinks,eachTARGETmustexist.
Mandatoryargumentstolongoptionsaremandatoryforshortoptionstoo.
--backup[=CONTROL]makeabackupofeachexistingdestinationfile
-blike--backupbutdoesnotacceptanargument
-d,-F,--directoryallowthesuperusertoattempttohardlink
directories(note:
willprobablyfaildueto
systemrestrictions,evenforthesuperuser)
-f,--forceremoveexistingdestinationfiles
-n,--no-dereferencetreatdestinationthatisasymlinktoa
directoryasifitwereanormalfile
-i,--interactivepromptwhethertoremovedestinations
-s,--symbolicmakesymboliclinksinsteadofhardlinks
-S,--suffix=SUFFIXoverridetheusualbackupsuffix
-t,--target-directory=DIRECTORYspecifytheDIRECTORYinwhichtocreate
thelinks
-T,--no-target-directorytreatLINK_NAMEasanormalfile
-v,--verboseprintnameofeachfilebeforelinking
--helpdisplaythishelpandexit
--versionoutputversioninformationandexit
Thebackupsuffixis`~',unlesssetwith--suffixorSIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.
Theversioncontrolmethodmaybeselectedviathe--backupoptionorthrough
theVERSION_CONTROLenvironmentvariable.Herearethevalues:
none,offnevermakebackups(evenif--backupisgiven)
numbered,tmakenumberedbackups
existing,nilnumberedifnumberedbackupsexist,simpleotherwise
simple,neveralwaysmakesimplebackups
Reportbugsto
[fangjie@localhost~]$Reportbugsto
bash:
bug-coreutils@gnu.org:
Nosuchfileordirectory
[fangjie@localhost~]$[fangjie@localhost~]$cp
bash:
[fangjie@localhost:
commandnotfound
[fangjie@localhost~]$cp:
missingfileoperand
bash:
cp:
:
commandnotfound
[fangjie@localhost~]$Try`cp--help'formoreinformation.
tar
[fangjie@localhost~]$tar
tar:
Youmustspecifyoneofthe`-Acdtrux'options
Try`tar--help'or`
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