职称英语考试理工类考前押题卷1.docx
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职称英语考试理工类考前押题卷1.docx
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职称英语考试理工类考前押题卷1
2013年职称英语考试理工类考前押题卷(第一套)
第一部分:
词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)
下面共有15个句子,每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线,请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1 Theabilityto reactto environmentalstimuliisabasicandgeneralcharacteristicoflivingorganisms.
A reject
B repeat
C returnto
D respondto
2 Alllivingorganisms, regardlessof theiruniqueidentity,havecertainbiological,chemical,andphysicalcharacteristicsincommon.
A asaresultof
B considering
C cognizantof
D whatever
3 AfterEmilyDickinson retreatedfrom theworldattheageoftwenty-six,shewrotemorethanonethousandpoems.
A receivedpraisefrom
B withdrewfrom
C rebelledagainst
D traveledaround
4 ThomasFuller was so skilledat mathematicsthathewasknownintheeighteenthcenturyasthe“VirginiaCalculator.”
A fascinatedby
B articulateabout
C proficientin
D suspiciousof
5 Didn'tyouknowthatthenaughtygirlusedto skipclasses?
A attendclassesintime
B missclasses
C cheatinclasses
D beunhappyaboutclasses
6 Marxismdoctrinewas spelledout intheCommunistManifesto.
A evaluated
B detailed
C supported
D mentioned
7 Themegaphonemakesthevoicesoundlouderbecauseitpointssoundwavesinonedirectionandkeepsthemfrom spreadingout inalldirections.
A slithering
B radiating
C interfering
D murmuring
8 Theexploitsofthelegendaryminer,JohnHenry,havecometosymbolizethemanuallaborer standagainst mechanization.
A contrastwith
B interactionwith
C ignoranceof
D defianceof
9 Inarithmetic,anumber standsfor thesizeofasetofthings.
A measures
B estimates
C cancels
D represents
10 Somespeciesofbacteriaandfungi thriveon simplecompoundssuchasalcohol.
A mixwith
B dowellon
C existin
D floaton
11 Whydoyouwantto throwaway thosebooks?
A imitate
B discuss
C extract
D discard
12 ThePullmanStrikeof1894 tiedup transportationandwasfinallyendedonlybygovernmentintervention.
A reliedupon
B hindered
C linkedwith
D imitated
13 AlthoughaherdofAfricanelephantsmayhave upto onethousandmembers,Asiaticelephantsliveinbandsoffivetosixtyanimals.
A asmanyas
B morethan
C fewerthan
D atleast
14 ProhibitionintheUnitedStates usheredin aneraofcrimeandcorruption.
A introduced
B caused
C used
D upset
15 TheSpanish,French,Dutch,andEnglishall viedfor NorthAmericanterritory.
A arrivedon
B competedfor
C disposedof
D sailedfor
第二部分:
阅读判断(第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)
阅读下面这篇短文,短文后列出7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
如果该句提供的是正确信息,请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及,请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
TelevisionIsDoingIrrearableHarm
“Yes,butwhatdidweusetodobeforetherewastelevision?
”Howoftenwehearstatementslikethis!
Televisionhasn'tbeenwithusallthatlong,butwearealreadybeginningtoforgetwhattheworldwaslikewithoutit,Beforeweadmittedtheone-eyedmonsterintoourhomesweneverfounditdifficulttooccupyoursparetime.Weusedtoenjoycivilizedpleasures.Forinstance,weusedtohavehobbies,weusedtoentertainourfriendsandbeentertainedbythem,weusedtogooutsideforouramusementstotheatres,cinemas,restaurantsandsportingevents,Weevenusedtoreadbooksandlistentomusicandbroadcasttalksoccasionally.Allthatbelongstothepast.Nowallourfreetimeisregulatedbythe“gogglebox”.Werushhomeorgulpdownourmealstobeintimeforthisorthatprogramme.Wehaveevengivenupsittingattableandhavingaleisurelyeveningmeal,exchangingthenewsoftheday.Asandwichandaglassofbeerwilldoanything,providingitdoesn'tinterferewiththeprogramme.Themonsterdemandsabsolutesilenceandattention.Ifanymemberofthefamilydarestoopenhismouthduringaprogramme,heisquicklysilenced.
Wholegenerationaregrowingupaddictedtothetelly.Foodisleftuneaten,homeworkundoneandsleepislost,Thetellyisauniversalpacifier.Itisnowstandardpracticeformothertokeepthechildrenquietbyputtingtheminthelivingroomandturningontheset.Itdoesn'tmaterthatthechildrenwillwatchrubbishycommercialsorspectaclesofsadism(性虐狂)andviolence—solongastheyarequiet.
Thereisalimittotheamountofcreativetalentavailableintheworld,Everyday,televisionconsumesvastquantitiesofcreativework,Thatiswhymostoftheprogrammesaresobad:
itisimpossibletokeeppacewiththedemandmaintainhighstandardsaswell.Whenmillionswatchthesameprogramme,thewholeworldbecomesavillage,andsocietyisreducedtotheconditionswhichobtaininpre-literatecommunities(有文字之前的时期).Webecomeutterlydependentonthetwomostprimitivemediaofcommunication:
picturesandthespokenwork.
Televisionencouragespassiveenjoyment.Webecomecontentwithsecond-handexperiences.Itissoeasytositinourarmchairwatchingothersworking.Littlebylittle“television”cutsusofffromtherealworld.Wegetsolazy,wechoosetospendafinedayinsemi-darkness,gluedtooursets,ratherthangooutintotheworlditself,Televisionmaybeasplendidmediumofcommunication,butitpreventsusfromcommunicatingwitheachother.Weonlybecomeawarehowtotallyirrelevanttelevisionistoreallivingwhenwespendaholidaybytheseaorinthemountains,farawayfromcivilization,Inquietnaturalsurroundingswequicklydiscoverhowlittlewemissthehypnotic(催眠)tyrannyofKingTelly.
16 Thisarticleisaboutthedisadvantagesoftelevision.
A Right
B Wrong
C Notmentioned
17 Weoftengooutsideforouramusementsnow.
A Right
B Wrong
C Notmentioned
18 Werushhometobeintimeforaprogramme.
A Right
B Wrong
C Notmentioned
19 “Theone-eyedmonster”referstotheTVset.
A Right
B Wrong
C Notmentioned
20 Oneharmoftellyistoconsumequantitiesofcreativework.
A Right
B Wrong
C Notmentioned
21 ThisarticleimpliesthatalltheTVsetsintheworldshouldbedestroyed.
A Right
B Wrong
C Notmentioned
22 WatchingtoomuchTVmaynotonlyresultsinthelazinessbutalsothelowabilitytodothings.
A Right
B Wrong
C Notmentioned
第三部分:
概括大意与完成句子(第23~30题,每题1分,共8分)
阅读下面这篇短文,短文后有2项测试任务:
(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1、3、4、6段每段选择1个正确的小标题;
(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项,分别完成每个句子。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上
ScreenTest
1 EveryyearmillionsofwomenarescreenedwithX-raystopickupsignsofbreastcancer.Ifthishappensearlyenough,thediseasecanoftenbetreatedsuccessfully.AccordingtoasurveyAustralia,Canada,theUSandSpain,screenwomenunder50.
2 Butthemedicalbenefitsofscreeningtheseyoungerwomenarecontroversial,partlybecausetheradiationbringsasmallriskofinducingcancer.Also,youngerwomenmustbegivenhigherdosesofX-raysbecausetheirbreasttissueisdenser.
3 ResearchersatthePolytechnicUniversityofValenciaanalysedtheeffectofscreeningmorethan160,000womenat11localclinics.Afterestimatingthewomen'scumulativedoseofradiation,theyusedtwomodelstocalculatethenumberofextracancersthiswouldcause.
4 ThemathematicalmodelrecommendedbyBritain'sNationalRadiologicalProtectionBoard(NRPB)predictedthatthescreeningprogrammewouldcause36cancersper100,000women,18ofthemfatal.ThemodelpreferredbytheUNScientificCommitteeontheEffectsofAtomicRadiationledtoalowerfigureof20cancers.
5 Theresearchersarguethatthelevelofradiation-inducedcancersis“notverysignificant”comparedtothefarlargernumberofcancersthatarediscoveredandtreated.TheValenciaprogramme,theysay,detectsbetween300and450casesofbreastcancerinevery100,000womenscreened.
6 Buttheypointoutthattheriskofwomencontractingcancerfromradiationcouldbereducedbybetween40and80percentifscreeningbeganat50insteadof45,becausetheywouldbeexposedtolessradiation.Theresultsoftheirstudy,theysuggest,couldhelp“optimizethetechnique”forbreastcancerscreening.
7 “Thereisatrade-offbetweenthediagnosticbenefitsofbreastscreeninganditsrisks,”admitsMichaelClarkoftheNRPB.Buthewarnsthatthestudyshouldbeinterpretedwithcaution.“Onthebasisofthecurrentdata,forevery10cancerssuccessfullydetectedandpreventedthereisariskofcausingonelaterinlife.That'swhyradiationexposureshouldbeminimizedinanyscreeningprogramme.”
23 Paragraph2___________
24 Paragraph3___________
25 Paragraph4___________
26 Paragraph5___________
A HarmScreeningMayDotoaYoungerWoman
B InvestingtheEffectofScreening
C EffectsPredictedbyTwoDifferentModels
D SmallRiskofInducingCancersfromRadiation
E TreatmentofCancers
F FactorsThatTriggerCancers
27 Earlydiscoveryofbreastcancermay___________.
28 Advantagesofscreeningwomenunder50are___________.
29 Delayingtheageatwhichscreeningstartsmay___________.
30 Radiationexposureshouldbe___________.
A becostly
B harmful
C savealife
D stillopentodebate
E reducetheriskofradiationtriggeringacancer
F reducedtotheminimum
第四部分:
阅读理解(第31~45题,每题3分,共45分)
下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题,每题后面有4个选项。
请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题,从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇
PuttingPlantstoWork
Usingthepowerofthesunisnothingnew.Peoplehavehadsolar-poweredcalculatorsandbuildingswithsolarpanelsfordecades.Butplantsaretherealexperts:
They'vebeenusingsunlightasanenergysourceforbillionsofyears.
Cellsinthegreenleavesofplantsworkliketinyfactoriestoconvertsunlight,carbondioxide,andwaterintosugarsandstarches,storedenergythattheplantscanuse.Thisconversionprocessiscalledphotosynthesis.Unfortunately,unlessyou'reaplant,it'sdifficultandexpensivetoconvertsunlightintostorableenergy.That'swhyscientistsaretakingacloserlookatexactlyhowpla
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