《农业信息学》.doc
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《农业信息学》.doc
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conferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn. Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople'sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn'twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople'sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse'soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof,and
实验一L-Studio的使用
一、实验目的及要求
(1)掌握植物拓扑结构的模拟方法
(2)掌握虚拟植物系统Lstudio的使用。
二、实验环境
CPU为酷睿2.4G、内存1G、硬盘为320G的高档微机,L-Studio系统
三、实验内容
(1)熟悉L-studio软件的运行环境和使用方法。
(2)根据L-studio的迭代规则和语法实现课本上的实验。
(3)熟悉L-studio中对分支结构的描述。
四、实验步骤
(1)双击L-system\L-studio.bin\LStudio.exe文件,启动L-Studio系统;
(2)在project菜单下,单击new菜单项,新建一个工程;
(3)在L-System界面下编写程序代码;
l完成书上136页的例1至例3;
l自行编写一段程序;
(4)代码书写完毕后,在cpfg菜单下,单击go菜单项,运行出程序结果,即虚拟植物的形态;
(5)通过截图记录程序运行结果。
五、程序代码及实验结果
国语文教学中,口语交际一直处在被忽视的地位。
新一轮的课程改革中,口语交际作为一种重要的语文素养被提了出来,同识字与写字、阅读、写作、语文综合能力一样都有明确的要AccordingtoOfficePartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivitiesledgroupofunifiedarrangements,unitsmainledtoforcadresworkersShangatimespartylecture,duetohimselflevellimited,onlyputthisstageconcentratedlearningofexperiencetodayandeveryonecommonwithlearningexchange,purposeisletwefurtherdeepunderstandingmasslineofconnotation,insistedpartyofmassline,domasseswork,followingmainfromfouraaspectstold:
a,andfullawarenesspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivitiesofmajormeaningParty's18majordistinctproposedtofocusontheparty'sadvancednatureandpurity,intheparty,with"pragmaticandcleanforthepeople"asthemaincontentoftheparty'smasslineandeducationalpractice. ThisiscomradeXIJinpingaspartyGeneralSecretaryandadheretostrictlyadministeringtheparty,strengthentheparty'smajordecisionisinlinewiththepublicexpectationsandstrengtheningtheconstructionoflearning-orientedserviceinnovationofMarxistparty'smajordeployment,istheimportantmeasuretoadvancethegreatcauseofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.First,carryouttheparty'smasslineineducationpractice,wascarrying18ofthepartyspirit,summonapowerfulforceforrealizingthegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenationtheChinesedreamofurgentneeds.Party's18topromotestrategicdeploymenttobuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,presentstwo100-yeargoal,namely,by2020China'sgrossdomesticproductandpercapitaincomeofurbanandruralresidentsin2010onthebasisofdoublecompletethebuildingofawell-offsociety;themiddleofthiscenturyintoaprosperous,democratic,civilizedandharmoniousSocialistmoderncountry,andonthisbasis,theChinesedreamofrealizingthegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.18Congressoftheparty,ComradeXIJinpingrepeatedlyexpoundedtheChinesedream.ThebasicconnotationoftheChinesedream,isthenationalprosperity,nationalrevitalization,thehappinessofthepeople,ChinaimportanttofollowistokeepChinaRoad,carryforwardthespiritandcohesionstrengthofChina,dreamdreamsofthepeopleofChina,butdeterminedconfidence,enhanceself-awareness,achieveself-reliance,tobuildastrongerChina,civilization,harmony,beauty,China,China,China. StrategicconceptionofChinawas18thespiritoftheenrichmentanddevelopmentoftheparty,conscientiouslystudytheChinesedream,leadingpeopletohardtorealizetheChinesedream,masseducationactivitiesindepththefundamentalstartingpointandendingpoint.Strengthentheeducationoftheparty'smassline,helpstotrainthecollectiveconsciousnessoftheunityofthepartyandthepeople,playingtheChinesedreamideologicalbases.ComradeMaoZedongstressedthatpartiesshouldhave"commonlanguage"socialistcountriesmusthave"unityofwill".Historyhas
(1)例1程序代码和运行结果截图
代码:
#defineSTEPS4
Lsystem:
1
derivationlength:
STEPS
Axiom:
A
A-->B[+B][-B]A
homomorphism
A-->,F;
B-->,F;
Endlsystem
运行结果:
图1
(2)例2程序代码和运行结果截图
代码:
#defineSTEPS4
Lsystem:
1
derivationlength:
STEPS
Axiom:
A
A-->B[+A][-A]BA
B-->BB
homomorphism
A-->,(127)F
(1),(64)@O(0.8)
B-->,(127)F
(1)
Endlsystem
运行结果:
图2
(3)例3程序代码和运行结果截图
代码:
#defineSTEPS4
Lsystem:
1
derivationlength:
STEPS
Axiom:
A
A-->A[+A]A[-A]A
homomorphism
A-->,F;
Endlsystem
运行结果:
图3
2、自行编写的程序代码和运行结果截图
代码如下:
#defineSTEPS4
Lsystem:
1
derivationlength:
STEPS
Axiom:
A
A-->[+B][+A]A[-A][+B]A[-B]A
B-->[+B]B[-B]
homomorphism
A-->,(127)F
(1),(64)@O(0.8);
B-->,(127)F
(1)
Endlsystem
运行结果:
图4
六、总结
使用L-studio软件去虚拟植物,是农业技术的体现,能够虚拟现实,能够去掌握虚拟植物的拓扑结构。
L-studio软件的运行很简便,运行速率高,使用便捷,通过这次了解该软件的运行环境,并掌握使用方法。
对L-studio的迭代规则和语法规则也有更深的认知,学会了L-studio中对分支结构的描述。
实验二农业专家系统知识库构建
一、实验目的及要求
掌握知识表达方法,掌握利用关系型数据库MicrosoftSQLServer2008构建知识库的方法。
二、实验环境
CPU为酷睿2.4G、内存1G、硬盘为320G的高档微机,MicrosoftSQLServer2008
三、实验内容
提前收集、整理有关农业知识,并用产生式规则表示知识;熟悉关系型数据库特别是MicrosoftSQLServer2008有关内容及操作,掌握利用关系型数据库MicrosoftSQLServer2008构建知识库的方法,课上完成知识库的设计与调试,课后提交实验报告。
四、实验步骤
(1)打开MicrosoftSQLServer2008;构农业专家系统;
(2)利用关系型数据库MicrosoftSQLServer2008建立农业专家系统事实库、规则库。
五、操作过程及实验结果
(1)获取农业知识
认真阅读一篇名为《果树病虫害诊断与防治专家系统知识库的构建》文献,提取其中部分农业知识,即桃树三大病害:
细菌性穿孔病、霉斑穿孔病、褐斑穿孔病。
对桃穿孔病有如下描述:
细菌性穿孔病:
穿孔边缘不整齐,多在叶脉两侧或叶片边缘发生,病班紫褐色至黑褐色,外围有黄晕。
霉斑穿孔病:
穿孔边缘整齐,无坏死残余组织;病斑褐色,潮湿时叶背长污白色霉状物。
褐斑穿孔病:
穿孔边缘整齐,有明显的坏死残余组织;病斑中部淡褐色,边缘紫色或红褐色,斑上有一明显的环纹,潮湿时病斑上长出灰褐色霉状物。
(2)产生式规则表示知识
前件:
1穿孔边缘不整齐、2穿孔边缘整齐、3发生部位为叶部、4多在叶脉两侧发生5多在叶片边缘发生、6病班紫褐色至黑褐色、7病班外围有黄晕、8无坏死残余组织、9病斑褐色、10病斑潮湿时叶背长污白色霉状物、11有明显的坏死残余组织、12病斑中部淡褐色、13病斑边缘紫色、14病斑边缘红褐色15病斑上有一明显的环纹、16病斑潮湿时病斑上长出灰褐色霉状物。
备注:
1-16代表病害表现的编号,即也是代表一种总值,在后期构建数据库有所用
后件:
细菌性穿孔病、霉斑穿孔病、褐斑穿孔病
规则:
如果:
1、3、4或5、6、7都发生则:
为细菌性穿孔病总值为21或22
如果:
2、3、8、9、10都发生则:
霉斑穿孔病总值32
如果:
2、3、11、12、13或14、15、16都发生则:
褐斑穿孔病总值72或73
说明:
总值代表后件所需前件之和
(3)事实库与规则库的构建
打开MicrosoftSQLServer2008软件,创建了果树病虫害情况数据库,包含三个表,即病害表现、病害综合、病害诊断(见图1)。
图1数据库的建立
建表情况,见图2~图4.
图2病害表现表
说明:
字段disease_feature代表病害表现,disease_id代表病害表现的编号或总值
图3病害综合
说明:
字段disease_value表示总值,由某一情况所有病害表现总值之和,
字段disease1~disease16代表16病害的各自总值
目的:
总值之和是不能说明就患什么病,因和是不能表明究竟是那些病害表现的和,所以为避免歧义性,能确定唯一性,所以采用这种存储。
图4病害诊断
说明:
字段disease_name表示病害的情况,即结论。
(4)在数据库中实现产生式表达
知识规则编辑完毕后,根据专家系统开发平台的要求,将知识规则形式化。
如果:
部位=叶部
并且:
病症病状区分=病斑
并且:
症状1=褐色
并且:
症状2=穿孔边缘整齐
并且:
症状3=无坏死残余组织;病斑褐色,潮湿时叶背长污白色霉状物
编写代码如下:
PRINTspace(15)+'桃树病虫害的诊断'
printREPLICATE('*',55)
printspace(8)+'第一步:
根据您输入的桃树病害情况如下'
DECLARE
@KCM1nchar(40),@KCM2nchar(40),@KCM3nchar(40),@KCM4nchar(40),@KCM5nchar(40),@KCM6nchar(40),@KCM7nchar(40),@KCM8nchar(40),@valueint,@id1int=0,@id2int=0,@id3int=0,@id4int=0,@id5int=0,@id6int=0,@id7int=0,@id8int=0
/*--第一步输入了解的事实,即前件---*/
PRINTspace(15)+@KCM1
PRINTspace(15)+@KCM2
PRINTspace(15)+@KCM3
PRINTspace(15)+@KCM4
PRINTspace(15)+@KCM5
PRINTspace(15)+@KCM6
PRINTspace(15)+@KCM7
PRINTspace(15)+@KCM8
printspace(8)+'第二步:
根据您输入的情况初步判断'
select@id1=病害表现.disease_
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- 农业信息学 农业 信息学