13年考研英语答案.docx
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13年考研英语答案.docx
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13年考研英语答案
13年考研英语答案
【篇一:
2013年考研英语真题完整版】
readthefollowingtext.choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarka,b,cordonanswersheet1.(10points)
peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat__1__theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby__2___factors.butdr.urisimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig__3___wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamlesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.__4___,hetheorisedthatajudge__5___ofapperaringtoosoft__6__crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison__7___hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatday.
to__8__thisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.intheory,the__9___ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers__10___randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butdr.simonsohosuspectedthetruthwas__11___.
hestudiedtheresultsof9,323mbainterviews__12___by31admissionsofficers.theinterviewershad__13___applicantsonascaleofonetofive.thisscale__14___numerousfactorsintoconsideration.thescoreswere__15___usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscoreonthegranduatemanagentadimssiontest,orgmat,astandardizedexamwhichis__16___outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher.
dr.simonsohofoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone__17___that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould__18___byanaverageof0.075points.thismightsoundsmall,butto__19___theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatecouldneed30moregmatpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen__20___.
1.[a]grants[b]submits[c]transmits[d]delivers
2.[a]minor[b]objective[c]crucial[d]external
3.[a]issue[b]vision[c]picture[d]external
4.[a]forexample[b]onaverage[c]inprinciple[d]aboveall
5.[a]fond[b]fearful[c]capable[d]thoughtless
6.[a]in[b]on[c]to[d]for
7.[a]if[b]until[c]though[d]unless
8.[a]promote[b]emphasize[c]share[d]success
9.[a]decision[b]quality[c]status[d]success
10.[a]chosen[b]studied[c]found[d]identified
11.[a]exceptional[b]defensible[c]replaceable[d]otherwise
12.[a]inspired[b]expressed[c]conducted[d]secured
13.[a]assigned[b]rated[c]matched[d]arranged
14.[a]put[b]got[c]gave[d]took
15.[a]instead[b]then[c]ever[d]rather
16.[a]selected[b]passed[c]marked[d]introduced
17.[a]before[b]after[c]above[d]below
18.[a]jump[b]float[c]drop[d]fluctuate
19.[a]achieve[b]undo[c]maintain[d]disregard
20.[a]promising[b]possible[c]necessary[d]helpful
sectioniireadingcomprehension
parta
directions:
readthefollowingfourtexts.answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosinga,b,cor
d.markyouranswersonanswersheet1.(40points)
text1
inthe2006filmversionofthedevilwearsprada,mirandapriestly,playedbymerylstreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther,priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentsstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.
thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththefeverishwoulddescribedinoverdressed,eliazabethcline’sthree-yearindictmentof“fastfashion”.inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchaszara,hm,anduniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable-meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat–andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.
thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.forhmtooffera$5.95knitminiskirtinallits2,300-piusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.
overdressedisthefashionworld’sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikemichaelpollan’stheomnivore’sdilemma.“mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durableandwasteful,”clineargues.americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear–about64itemsperperson–andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.
towardstheendofoverdressed,clineintroducedherideal,abrooklynwomannamedsarahkatebeaumont,whosince2008hasmadeallofherownclothes–andbeautifully.butasclineisthefirsttonote,ittookbeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan’tbeknocked
off.
thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment–includinghm,withitsgreenconsciouscollectionline–clinebelieveslastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordnotto.
21.priestlycriticizesherassistantforher
[a]poorbargainingskill.
[b]insensitivitytofashion.
[c]obsessionwithhighfashion.
[d]lackofimagination.
22.accordingtocline,mass-maketlabelsurgeconsumersto
[a]combatunnecessarywaste.
[b]shutoutthefeverishfashionworld.
[c]resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements.
[d]shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently.
23.theword“indictment”(line3,para.2)isclosestinmeaningto
[a]accusation.
[b]enthusiasm.
[c]indifference.
[d]tolerance.
24.whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelaseparagraph?
[a]vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.
[b]thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.
[c]peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.
[d]pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.
25.whatisthesubjectofthetext?
[a]satireonanextravagantlifestyle.
[b]challengetoahigh-fashionmyth.
[c]criticismofthefast-fashionindustry.
[d]exposureofamass-marketsecret.
text2
anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioural”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.
inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:
shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsent
behaviouralads?
orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?
indecember2010americasfederaltradecornmission(ftc)proposedaddingadonottrack(dnt)optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladwertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.microsoftsinternetexplorerandapplessafaribothofferdnt;googleschromeisduetodosothisyear.infebruarytheftcanddigltaladwertisingalliance(daa)agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespongingtodntrequests.
onmay31stmicrosoftsetofftherow:
itsaidthatinternetexplorer10,theversionduetoappearwindows8,wouldhavedntasadefault.
itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.getingadntsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.unabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithmicrosoft’sdefault,somemayignoreadntsignalandpressonanyway.
alsouncleariswhymicrosofthasgoneitalone.atterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithdntrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.ifitistryingtoupsetgoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwillbecomethenorm.dntdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8-thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavourablywithgooglesonthatcountbefore.brendonlynch,microsoftschiefprivacyofficer,bloggde:
webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol.coulditreallybethatsimple?
26.itissuggestedinparagraph1that“behavioural”adshelpadvertisersto:
[a]easecompetitionamongthemselves
[b]lowertheiroperationalcosts
[c]avoidcomplaintsfromconsumers
[d]providebetteronlineservices
27.“theindustry”(line6,para.3)refersto:
[a]onlineadvertisers
[b]e-commerceconductors
[c]digitalinformationanalysis
[d]internetbrowserdevelopers
28.bobliodiceholdsthatsettingdntasadefault
[a]manycutthenumberofjunkads
[b]failstoaffecttheadindustry
[c]willnotbenefitconsumers
[d]goesagainsthumannature
29.whichofthefollowingistureaccordingtoparagraph.6?
[a]dntmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose
[b]advertisersarewillingtoimplementdnt
[c]dntislosingitspopularityamongconsumers
[d]advertisersareobligedtoofferbehaviouralads
30.theauthorsattitudetowardswhatbrendonlynchsaidinhisblogisoneof:
[a]indulgence
[b]understanding
[c]appreciaction
[d]skepticism
text3
nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainedadeeperappreciationoftherangeofthreatsfacingus,fr
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