通用学术英语1电子教案u17unit5nature2.pptx
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通用学术英语1电子教案u17unit5nature2.pptx
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(2)UnitFiveNatureAcademicfocusSummaryHowtosummarizeHow-toquestionUnitFiveNatureUnitFiveNatureAssignmentsAreviewAwordtestAcheckonSPOCWritingVocabulary&StructureReadingListening&SpeakingContents(Week12)UnitFiveNatureACheckonSPOC1Whenlisteningtoanacademiclecture,howshouldyoudeterminewhethertheinformationisimportantornot?
Bylisteningtohowtheprofessorwordstheinformatione.g.“Itsimportant”Bywatchinghowtheprofessorusesvisualse.g.WritingontheboardBylisteningtohowtheprofessorchangeshis/hervolumeortonee.g.StressUnitFiveNature2Intermsofstrength,reportingverbscanbeclassifiedintothreegroups.Whatarethey?
Neutralreportingverbs(e.g.state)Tentativeverbs(e.g.suggest)Strongverbs(e.g.argue)ACheckonSPOCUnitFiveNatureVocabularyQuiz1.Mypersonalproblemsarenotreallyimportantintheoverallscheme(规划)ofthings.2.Hewasanxioustopreserve(维护)hisreputation.3.Thepatientsconditionstabilized(稳定下来).4.Thepandasnaturalhabitat(栖息地)isthebambooforest.5.Heisinterestedinwildlifeconservation(保护).6.Thenewroadbuildingprogramhasbeenditched(废弃).7.Ihadtodismantle(拆开)theengineinordertorepairit.8.Theeconomyremainsextremelyfragile(脆弱的).9.Therewereseveralsimultaneous(同时的)attacksbytherebels.10.Shereceived40000incompensatio(n赔偿)foralosteye.11.Mygrandmotherusedtotalkaboutthetimeofscarcity(短缺).12.Foodsupplieswereseverelydepleted(消耗,减少).13.Hewasaparadox(矛盾的人)alonerwholovedtochattostrangers.14.Smokinghascausedirreversible(无法挽回的)damagetohislungs.15.Weneedtooptimize(最优化)ouruseoftheexistingtechnology.UnitFiveNatureSummarizingParaphrasingAreviewEliminateallunnecessarydetailsExcludeanymisinterpretationPresentstheinformationneutrallyUsesynonymsChangethesentencestructureChangevoiceChangepartsofspeechChangeclausestophrasesIdentifythewriteroftheoriginaltextcompletenessIncludethewriterskeyideas.concisenessaccuracyobjectivityCitethesourceUnitFiveNatureAreviewEliminateallunnecessarydetailsExcludeanymisinterpretationPresentstheinformationneutrallyAgoodsummaryIdentifythewriteroftheoriginaltextcompletenessIncludethewriterskeyideas.concisenessaccuracyobjectivityUnitFiveNatureParaphrasingDescribinginformationthatyouhavereadorheardusingyourownwordsisparaphrasing.Inthisway,youkeepthemeaningoftheoriginaltext,butdonotcopyitsexactwording.Thestrategiestoparaphraseinclude:
Usesynonymsforallwordsthatarenotgeneric.Changethestructureofthesentence.Changethevoicefromactivetopassiveandviceversa.Changeclausestophrasesandviceversa.Changepartsofspeech.UnitFiveNatureOriginalWedonotyetunderstandallthewaysinwhichbrainchemicalsarerelatedtoemotionsandthoughts,butthesalientpointisthatourstateofmindhasanimmediateanddirecteffectonourstateofbody.Source:
Siegel,B.(1986).Love,MedicineandMiracles(p.69).NewYork:
HarperandRow.)Paraphrase1Siegel(1986)writesthatalthoughtherelationshipbetweenbrainchemistryandthoughtsandfeelingsisnotfullyunderstood,wedoknowthatourpsychologicalstateaffectsourphysicalstate.Paraphrase2Siegel(1986)writesthattherelationshipbetweenthechemicalsinthebrainandourthoughtsandfeelingsremainsonlypartiallyunderstood.Hegoesontosay,however,thatonethingisclear:
ourmentalstateaffectsourbodilystate.ParaphrasingFindoutthestrategiesusedforparaphrasing.UsedsynonymsChangedthesentencestructureChangedvoiceChangedpartsofspeechCitedsourceUnitFiveNatureParaphrasingWorkwithyourgroupmembersandparaphrasethefollowingsentences.OriginalsentencesNiagaraFallsisviewedbythousandsoftouristseveryyear.Themajorityofconsumerspreferimportedcars.Thegraycloudsareawarningofanapproachingstorm.ParaphrasedsentencesAnnuallythousandsofpeoplevisitNiagaraFalls.Foreigncarsarelikedbymostconsumers.Thecomingstormcanbeforetoldbythedarkclouds.UnitFiveNatureParaphrasingWorkwithyourgroupmembersandparaphrasethefollowingsentences.OriginalsentencesThisproductcausesthebreak-downofexcessbodyfatandwillhelppeopleshedpounds.UploadingavideotoYouTubecanhelpexposureforyourbusiness.ParaphrasedsentencesThisproductwillhelppeopleloseweightbyremovingextrafatinthebody.YourbusinesscanbeseenbymorepeopleifyouuploadavideotoYouTube.UnitFiveNatureParaphrasingWorkwithyourgroupmembersandparaphrasethefollowingsentences.OriginalsentencesAngier(2001)reportsthatmalariakillsmorethanonemillionpeopleannually,theoverwhelmingmajorityofthemchildreninsub-SaharanAfrica.ParaphrasedsentencesMorethanonemillionpeoplearekilledbymalariaeveryyearwithsub-SaharanAfricanchildrenasmajorvictims(Angier,2001).UnitFiveNatureReportingverbsTypesofreportingverbsExampleMoreexamplesNeutraldescribeTentativespeculateStrongargueInEnglishgrammar,areportingverbisaverb(suchassay,tell,believe,reply,respond,ask)usedtoindicatethatinformationisbeingquotedorparaphrased.Areportingverbisalsocalledacommunicationverb.show,reveal,study,demonstrate,note,pointouthypothesize,imply,proposeargue,claim,emphasize,contend,maintain,assert,theorizeUnitFiveNatureVOCABULARY&STRUCTURE:
reportingverbsReportingverbsareusedtocitepreviousstudies.Itisimportanttoprovidecitationsinyourpaperaswell.Watchthevideooncitation.Shareyournotesonthemainideasandwriteasummaryofthisvideo.UnitFiveNatureTheoriginalsource:
Onlyaboutone-tenthoftheworldspopulationlivesthere,butsub-SaharanAfricaremainsthehardesthitregion,accountingfor72percentofthepeopleinfectedwithHIVduring2000(Bunting,2004).Whyunacceptable?
Anunacceptableparaphrase:
Onlyaboutone-tenthoftheworldspopulationresidethere,butsub-SaharanAfricahashighestnumberofHIVinfectedpeople,makingup72percentofthepeopleinfectedwithHIVin2000(Bunting,2004).Itonlyusessynonyms.Thesentencestructureandgrammarremainalmostidentical.ParaphraseexamplesinacademiccontextUnitFiveNatureTheoriginalsource:
Onlyaboutone-tenthoftheworldspopulationlivesthere,butsub-SaharanAfricaremainsthehardesthitregion,accountingfor72percentofthepeopleinfectedwithHIVduring2000(Bunting,2004).Whyacceptable?
Anacceptableparaphrase:
Withapproximatelyone-tenthoftheworldspopulation,sub-SaharanAfricahashighestpercentageofHIVinfectedpeople.In2000,aboutthree-fourthspercentofthepopulationareinfectedwithHIV(Bunting,2004).Itusessynonyms,changesthesentencestructureandgrammarintheoriginaltext.ParaphraseexamplesinacademiccontextUnitFiveNatureTheoriginalsource:
Onlyaboutone-tenthoftheworldspopulationlivesthere,butsub-SaharanAfricaremainsthehardesthitregion,accountingfor72percentofthepeopleinfectedwithHIVduring2000(Bunting,2004).Acceptableparaphrase1:
Withapproximatelyone-tenthoftheworldspopulation,sub-SaharanAfricahashighestpercentageofHIVinfectedpeople.In2000,aboutthree-fourthspercentofthepopulationareinfectedwithHIV(Bunting,2004).Acceptableparaphrase2:
Bunting(2004)statesthatwithapproximatelyone-tenthoftheworldspopulation,sub-SaharanAfricahashighestpercentageofHIVinfectedpeople.In2000,aboutthree-fourthspercentofthepopulationareinfectedwithHIV.ParaphraseexamplesinacademiccontextAnydifferences?
UnitFiveNatureOriginaltextItispredictedthatby2030therewillbe10%morediarrheal(腹泻的)diseasethantherewouldhavebeenwithnoclimatechangeandthatitwillprimarilyaffectthehealthofyoungchildren(Shuman2010).ParaphraseAccordingtoShuman(2010),by2030climatechangewillresultinover10%increaseindiarrhealdiseasewithyoungchildrenasthekeyvictims.ParaphraseexamplesinacademiccontextUnitFiveNatureOriginaltextInrecentyearstherehasbeengrowingconcernamongenvironmentalistsandsomecarownersaboutthepollutantsthatcarsemitintotheatmosphere(Elliot,2005).ParaphraseElliot(2005)pointsoutthatenvironmentalistsandsomecarownersareincreasinglyworriedaboutcaremissioninthepastfewyears.ParaphraseexamplesinacademiccontextUnitFiveNatureParaphraseVSSummarySimilarities:
botharemakinguseoftheideasofotherpeople(tosupportyourownviewinwriting),andshowingthatyouhaveunderstoodthematerialsandthatyoucanusetheirideasandfindingsinyourownway.Differences:
PointsofdifferenceParaphraseSummaryPurposePresentthecontentofasourcebyputtingtheoriginalwordsintothewritersownwords.Provideabriefunderstandingofthemainpointsofasource.Contentincludekeyandsub-pointsincludeonlykeypoints.UnitFiveNatureParaphrasing&SummarizingWorkwithyourgroupmembersandmakeaparaphraseandsummaryfortheoriginalsource.Theoriginalsource:
Studentsfrequentlyoverusedirectquotationintakingnotes,andasaresulttheyoverusequotationsinthefinalresearchpaper.Probablyonlyabout10%ofyourfinalmanuscriptshouldappearasdirectlyquotedmatter.Therefore,youshouldstrivetolimittheamountofexacttranscribingofsourcematerialswhiletakingnotes.Lester,JamesD.WritingResearchPapers.2nded.(1976):
46-47.Alegitimateparaphrase:
Inresearchpapersstudentsoftenquoteexcessively,failingtokeepquotedmaterialdowntoadesirablelevel.Sincetheproblemusuallyoriginatesduringnotetaking,itisessentialtominimizethematerialrecordedverbatim(一字不差)(Lester46-47).Anacceptablesummary:
Studentsshouldtakejustafewnotesindirectquotationfromsourcestohelpminimizetheamountofquotedmaterialinaresearchpaper(Lester46-47).UnitFiveNatureReadingIdentifyingsummariesinresearcharticlesUnderstandingandevaluatingassumptionsUnitFiveNatureHowtosummarizeAsummaryisacondensedversionoftheoriginaltextorlecture.Thep
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