Walter-Scott-Jane-Austen简介.ppt
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Walter-Scott-Jane-Austen简介.ppt
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Theoutstandingwriters,WalterScottJaneAusten,WalterScott,BriefIntroductionLifestoryWritingInfluenceFamousWorks,SirWalterScott,1771-1832,SmailholmTower,“Ohwhatatangledwebweweave,Whenfirstwepracticetodeceive!
”,BriefIntroduction,SirWalterScott,1stBaronet(15August177121September1832)wasaScottishhistoricalnovelist,playwright,andpoet,popularthroughoutmuchoftheworldduringhistime.Intheearlyphaseofhiscareer,Scottwroteandbecamemostwidelyreadpoetofhisday,theninthelasttwodecadesheturnedhisattentiontonovelwritingandfatheredthehistoricalnovelproperinEnglandandEurope.ScottwasthefirstEnglish-languageauthortohaveatrulyinternationalcareerinhislifetime,withmanycontemporaryreadersinEurope,Australia,andNorthAmerica.Hisnovelsandpoetryarestillread,andmanyofhisworksremainclassicsofbothEnglishlanguageliteratureandScottishliterature.,back,Lifestory,borninEdinburghfatherbarrister(在英国有资格出席高等法庭的律师)hisfamilymotherstoriesofthepastgrandmotherlegendstheoldBorderfeuds(边区争斗)wonderfultalesintenseloveofScottishhistoryandtradition8,highschoolFathersoffice,lawatthesametimeLectures,university21,tothebartranslationfromtheGermandramasandpoemsTheLayoftheLastMinstrel最末一个行吟诗人abandonthelaw43,frompoetrytonovelsadebtof130,000poundswriting-machineavastnumberofromantic-historicalnovelsdiedat60,back,WritingInfluence,Workisinfluencedbythe18thcenturyEnlightenmentHisworkispopularthroughoutEuropeduringhistimeperiodBelievedeveryhumanwaspracticallydecentregardlessofclass,religion,politicsandancestryMajorthemeinhistoricalworksistoleranceWaverleynovelsexpressbeliefinneedforsocialprogressFirstnovelisttoportraypeasantsrealisticallyandequaltomerchants,kingsandsoldiersCentralthemeofmanynovelswereconflictsbetweenopposingcultures,FamousWorks,Historicalnovels,ScottsHistoricalNovelsfounderandgreatmasterofthehistoricalnovel,andtheypavedthewayforthedevelopmentoftherealisticnovelsofthe19thcenturyandmarksthetransitionfromromanticismtorealisminEnglishliteratureofthe19thcentury.Background:
1)tribalmodeoflifeprevailingthemountainsortheHighlands2)preservationoffeudalcustomsintheestatesofthelargelandowners3)earlydevelopmentofcapitalisminthebigcitiesfromtheMiddleAgestothe18thcenturysubjects:
historyofScotland,Englishhistory,historyofEuropeancountries.,FeaturesofScottsNovels,1.Scotthasanoutstandinggiftofvivifyingthepast.2.Inhisnovels,historicaleventsarecloselyinterwovenwiththefatesofindividuals.3.Inhishistoricalnovels,heconcernsboththelivesanddeedsofthehigherclassandthatoftheordinarypeople.4.Heisaromantic.5.HeisaTory,aconservativeinpolitics.,JaneAusten,BriefIntroduction6novels,BriefIntroduction,JaneAusten(1775-1817)Englishwriter,whofirstgavethenovelitsmoderncharacterthroughthetreatmentofeverydaylife.AlthoughAustenwaswidelyreadinherlifetime,shepublishedherworksanonymously.Themosturgentpreoccupationofherbright,youngheroinesiscourtshipandfinallymarriage.Austenherselfnevermarried.Herbest-knownbooksincludePRIDEANDPREJUDICE(1813)andEMMA(1816).VirginiaWoolfcalledAustenthemostperfectartistamongwomen.,BriefIntroduction,JaneAustenwasborninSteventon,Hampshire,whereherfather,Rev.GeorgeAusten,wasarector.Shewastheseconddaughterandseventhchildinafamilyofeight.TheAustendidnotloseasingleoneoftheirchildren.CassandraLeigh,Janesmother,fedherinfantsatthebreastafewmonths,andthensentthemtoawetnurseinanearbyvillagetobelookedafterforanotheryearorlonger.,BACK,6novels,SenseandSensibility(1811)理智与情感PrideandPrejudice(1813)傲慢与偏见MansfieldPark(1814)曼斯菲尔德庄园Emma(1815)爱玛NorthangerAbby(1818)诺桑觉寺Persuasion(1818)劝导,SenseandSensibility,SenseandSensibilitywasthefirstnovelJaneAustenpublished.ThestoryrevolvesaroundtheDashwoodssisters,ElinorandMarianne.Whereastheformerisasensible,rationalcreature,heryoungersisteriswildlyromanticacharacteristicthatoffersAustenplentyofscopeforbothsatireandcompassion.CommentingonEdwardFerraris,apotentialsuitorforElinorshand,Marianneadmitsthatwhilesheloveshimtenderly,shefindshimdisappointingasapossibleloverforhersister.Soonhowever,Mariannemeetsamanwhomeasuresuptoherideal:
Mr.Willoughby,anewneighbor.SosweptawaybypassionisMariannethatherbehaviorbeginstoborderonthescandalous.ThenWilloughbyabandonsher;Meanwhile,ElinorsgrowingaffectionforEdwardsuffersacheckwhenheadmitsheissecretlyengagedtoachildhoodsweetheart.Howeachofthesistersreactstotheirromanticmisfortunes,andthelessonstheydrawbeforecomingfinallytotherequisitehappyendingformstheheartofthenovel.ThoughMariannesdisregardforsocialconventionsandwillingnesstoconsidertheworldwell-lostforlovemayappealtomodernreaders,itisElinorwhomAustenherselfmostevidentlyadmired;atrulyhappymarriage,sheshowsus,existsonlywheresenseandsensibilitymeetandmixinpropermeasure.,SenseandSensibility,理智与情感是简奥斯汀出版的第一本小说。
小说的情节围绕着两位女主人公的择偶活动展开,着力揭示出当时英国社会潮流中,以婚配作为女子寻求经济保障、提高社会地位的恶习,重门第而不顾女子感情和做人权利的丑陋时尚。
小说中的女主角均追求与男子思想感情的平等交流与沟通,要求社会地位上的平等权利,坚持独立观察、分析和选择男子的自由。
在当时的英国,这几乎无异于反抗的呐喊。
SenseandSensibility,如同书名里所体现的那样,故事集中表现了“理智”与“情感”的矛盾冲突。
以玛丽安为代表的人物是理智不足而感情有余;以约翰达什伍德夫妇为代表的人物是理智有余而感情不足;而以威洛比为代表的人物在感情上又是十分虚伪,表面上似乎很有情感,实际上却冷漠无情,自私透顶。
作者在故事里对珍重感情的人报以赞扬,尽管对这些人在理智上的欠缺也不时加以讽刺,然而对缺少感情仅有理智或是在感情上虚伪的人,却表现出了鄙夷的态度。
作者最终赞赏的是女主人公埃莉诺,因为她即重感情又有理智。
这里表现了作者在这个问题上的理想,即是人不能没有感情,但感情应受理智的制约。
埃丽诺是个“感情强烈”而又“头脑冷静”的年轻姑娘。
她在选择对象时,不重仪表,而讲人品,爱上了为人坦率热忱的爱德华。
后来发现爱德华早已同露西订有婚约,她尽管极为伤心,却能竭力克制自己,交际应酬,行若无事。
最后,爱德华相继遭到母亲和露西的遗弃,埃丽诺对他依然一往情深,与他结为终身伴侣,获得了真正的爱情。
同埃丽诺适成对照的,是妹妹玛丽安。
她虽然聪明灵慧,但过于多情善感,对爱情抱着富有浪漫色彩的幻想,一心要嫁个“人品出众,风度迷人”的如意郎君。
三十五岁的布兰登上校对她表示好感时,她觉得他太老了,因而不屑一顾。
随后,她意外地遇见了“风度翩翩”的轻薄公子威洛比,当即陷入热恋之中。
不久被对方抛弃,她又悲痛欲绝,自我作践,差一点送掉性命。
沉痛的教训,姐姐的榜样,使她终于变得理智起来,最后还是嫁给了一直倾心于她而最没有浪漫色彩的布兰登上校。
显然,作者通过这般对照描写,说明了这样一个道理:
人不能感情用事,感情应该受到理智的制约。
返回,PrideandPrejudice,PrideandPrejudice,Itsstoryisoncesimpleandcomplex,simplebecauseitdealswithjustonethingloveandmarriage,andcomplexinthesensethattherearesomanypersonalitieswithexhibitionsofsucharichspectrumofhumanemotions.PrideandPrejudiceiswritteningentleorHoraciansatire.ThemainobjectofJanessatireinthenovelisthemercenaryandtheignoranceofthepeople,acommoncriticismofthe18thcentury.InPrideandPrejudice,Janehasdenouncedtheelementsofmarriageandsocietythatshefounddistasteful.Thesearetheconclusionsofherobservationofthepeopleinherworld.Howeverinherwriting,Janehasalsoreflectedherownenjoymentinlifeamongthesepeoplewithandwithouttheirfaults.,PrideandPrejudice,Marriages(Therearesixdifferentmarriagespresentedinthenovel.ExcludingtheGardinerandtheLucas,theremainingfivemarriagescontrastseachothertorevealJanesopinionsandthoughtsonthesubjectofmarriage.)ThemarriagebetweenDarcyandElizabethrevealsthecharacteristicswhichconstitutesasuccessfulmarriage.Inthebeginning,ElizabethandDarcyweredistantfromeachotherbecauseoftheirprejudice.Theseriesofeventswhichtheybothexperiencedgavethemtheopportunitytounderstandoneanotherandthetimetoreconciletheirfeelingsforeachother.Thus,theirmutualunderstandingisthefoundationoftheirrelationshipandwillleadthemtoapeacefulandlastingmarriage.ThisrelationshipbetweenElizabethandDarcyrevealstheimportanceofgettingtoknowonespartnerbeforemarrying.ThemarriagebetweenJaneBennetandBingleyisalsoanexampleofsuccessfulmarriage.,PrideandPrejudice,Thelastexampleofamarriageisaofadifferentnaturethantheonesmentionedabove.ThemarriagebetweenMr.CollinsandCharlotteisbasedoneconomicsratherthanonloveorappearance.ItwasacommonpracticeduringAustenstimeforwomentomarryahusbandtosaveherselffromspinsterhoodortogainfinancialsecurity.However,JaneAustenviewedthisasatypeofprostitutionanddisapprovedofit.InPrideandPrejudice,JaneAustendramatizesthisformofwomeninequalityandshowthatwomenwhosubmitsthemselvestothistypeofmarriagewillhavetosufferintormentingsilence.,PrideandPrejudice,Themainsubjectinthenovelisstatedinthefirstsentenceofthenovel.Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortune,mustbeinwantofawife.Itintroducesthereadersrightawaytoaworldwheremarriagefeaturesasthetopmostconcern.Inthisstatement,Janehascleverlydonethreethings:
shehasdeclaredthatthemainsubjectofthenovelwillbecourtshipandmarriage,shehasestablishedthehumoroustoneofthenovelbytakingasimplesubjecttoelaborateandtospeakintelligentlyof,andshehaspreparedthereaderforachaseinthenovelofeitherahusbandinsearchofawife,orawomeninpursuitofahusband.,back,MansfieldPark,ThestoryofFannyPriceAstrongfriendshipbetweenFannyandhercousinEdmund.TheMainCharacters:
MissFannyPoor,Vulnerable,Beautiful,Young,GoodprinciplesMr.EdmundWealthy,Caring,Helpful,Kindhearted,Back,Emma,Emmathefourth,longestandlastofJaneAustensbookstoappearinprintduringherlifetime,Emmaisconsideredaclassicromanticcomedyandwasfirstpublishedin1816.MissEmmaWoodhouseisashiningexampleofa19thcenturysocialite.Beautiful,cleverandwealthy,shefanciesherselfamaster-matchmakerandsetsinmotionalaundrylistofschemestopairofftheHighburyresidents.Convincedamake-overwouldelevatehernewfriendHarrietssocialstandingandthushermarriagepotential,Emma,fueledbyherfeelingofsuperiority,plottedandplanned,alltonoavail.Fai
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