英语段落写作标准.ppt
- 文档编号:18779836
- 上传时间:2023-11-10
- 格式:PPT
- 页数:29
- 大小:188.50KB
英语段落写作标准.ppt
《英语段落写作标准.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语段落写作标准.ppt(29页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
写好段落的三个标准,一、段落的统一性,一个段落应该只说明一个问题,或一个问题的某一方面;应该只叙述一件事情,或一件事情的某一个阶段。
也就是说,一个段落内的各个句子必须从属于一个中心,任何游离于中心思想以外的句子都是不可取的。
一个好的段落应该具有统一性。
统一性就是一个中心思想统领整个段落。
每个细节都应支持主题句,不应有无关的细节。
为了支持主题,要尽可能多地提供细节,但又要避免滥用细节。
下图是一个有统一性的段落的结构图。
主题句(topicsentence)_SupportingSentence1_SupportingSentence2_SupportingSentence3_SupportingSentence4,例文:
Millionsofyearsago,AustraliawaslinkedtoAsiabyalandbridge.Thenanearthquakecausedthelandbridgetosink.Thesearushedin,andAustraliabecameanisland.Later,thisislandbecameaBritishcolony.ManyanimalsthatoncewanderedbackandforthacrossthelandbridgewereleftinAustralia.Andkangarooswereamongthem.Thoughtheywerekilledoffbylargeanimalsinotherplaces,theywereabouttosurviveinAustralia.,这一段讲的是远古时期的澳大利亚,当时连人类都没有,但然不必提它后来沦为英国的殖民地的事了。
此句应删掉。
二、段落的完整性,一个段落的主题思想靠发展句来实现,如果只有主题句而没有发展句来进一步交待和充实,就不能构成一个完整的段落。
InmyEnglishstudy,Ihavemanydifficulties.Myfirstdifficultyisthatmyvocabularyisnotlarge.TheseconddifficultyIhaveisthatIcannotwritewell.Thethirddifficultyisthatmylisteningcomprehensionisnotgoodenough.NowIhaveaplantostudyEnglishwell.,主题句:
Ihavemanydifficulties.发展句:
具体说明困难Myfirstdifficulty;Theseconddifficulty;Thethirddifficulty.结尾句:
NowIhaveaplan,篇章结构:
分析:
本段落看似完整,有头有尾。
但由于缺少实质内容即对学英语的困难的原因的分析,文章显得空洞无物;此外,结尾句讲到了plan,具体内容有没有交待,给人留下话好像没说完的感觉。
修改如下:
InmyEnglishstudy,Ihavemanydifficulties.Thefollowingaresomeofthem.Myfirstdifficultyisthatmyvocabularyisnotlarge.Asaresult,Icannotreadfastandunderstandwell.AsIamcomingtomiddleage,itisnotsoeasytokeepmanynewwordsinmindquickly.,过渡句,分析词汇量小的害处,进一步分析问题的原因,TheseconddifficultyIhaveisthatIcannotwritewell.AsIhavebeenverybusywithmyworkwhichreallydoesntneedanyforeignlanguage,IseldomhaveachancetowritesomethinginEnglish.Thethirddifficultyisthatmylisteningcomprehensionisnotgoodenough.ThisisbecauseIhadlittletraininginlisteningwhileIwasatcollege.,造成这一问题的原因,造成这一问题的原因,Togetoverthesedifficulties,Ihaveworkedoutaplan.IplantoreadoneortwopagesofEnglish,suchasChinaDaily,21stCenturyEnglishorsomeeasynovels,inordertomemorizethewordsontheonehandandkeepintouchwiththecurrentnewsontheother.,主题句,具体措施-1,表明目的,IwilltrytokeepadiaryinEnglishandpracticewritingatleasttwiceaweek.AndfinallyIwilltrytolistentoEnglishcassettestwoorthreedays.IbelievethatsolongasIpractice,Iwillbeabletoread,write,andunderstandbetter.,具体措施-2,具体措施-3,结尾句,表明态度,三、段落的连贯性,连贯性包括意连内在的逻辑型;和形连使用过渡词语、过渡句等方式。
两者常常不可分割。
只有形连而没有意连,句子之间没有内在的有机联系;反之,只有意连而没有形连,有时行文就不够流畅。
如何取得连贯性的建议1)使用同一时态如果随意而毫无理由地改变时态,那么不管作者连句的技巧多么高超,段落也不可能取得连贯性。
在写作时,可以使用现在时或过去时。
选用哪一种取决于作者处理材料的方式。
2)使用某种逻辑顺序常用的逻辑顺序有:
1)时间顺序2)空间顺序3)重要性顺序4)熟悉度顺序,3)使用连接成分使用某些连接词和短语,重复某些关键词,可以大大增加段落的连贯性。
某些连接词、短语和关键词可以起粘着物的作用,把各部分连接起来,使句子间的关系更加清楚。
连接成分主要有以下三种:
a连接词语b代词:
代词用于提醒读者注意其先行词,以此把有关的部分连接起来。
c重复关键词语,示范段落UntilrecentlydaydreamingwasviewedasawasteoftimeOritwasconsideredanunhealthyescapefromreallifeanditsdutiesButnowsomepeoplearetakingafreshlookatdaydreamingAnditmaybethatmorepeoplearesufferingfromalackofdaydreamingthanaresufferingfromtoomuchofit,连接词,连接词,连接词,连接词,示范段落UntilrecentlydaydreamingwasviewedasawasteoftimeOritwasconsideredasunhealthyescapefromreallifeanditsdutiesButnowsomepeoplearetakingafreshlookatdaydreamingAnditmaybethatmorepeoplearesufferingfromalackofdaydreamingthanaresufferingfromtoomuchofit,代词,代词,代词,示范段落UntilrecentlydaydreamingwasviewedasawasteoftimeOritwasconsideredasunhealthyescapefromreallifeanditsdutiesButnowsomepeoplearetakingafreshlookatdaydreamingAnditmaybethatmorepeoplearesufferingfromalackofdaydreamingthanaresufferingfromtoomuchofit,重复关键词,重复关键词,重复关键词,开始陈述tobeginwith,tostartwith,letsbeginwith,firstofall,inthefirstplace,aboveall,atfirst1.Ithoughttodaywasgoingtobereallybad.Tostartwith,itwasraining,andrainydaysmakemesad.2.Idontagreethatanimalsshouldliveinthezoo.Tobeginwith,/Firstofalltheyhavenofreedom3.Atfirst,Ithoughtitmightbeadog,butIcantseeadog.4.Ithoughttodaywasgoingtobereallybad.Tostartwith,itwasraining,andrainydaysmakemesad.,如何做到行文连贯?
其中的一个技巧就是恰当使用连结词。
只有恰当使用了语句之间的连接成分,才能使全文结构紧凑。
顺序列点/显示事件的先后顺序firstly/secondly/thirdly;first/second/third,then,next,afterthis,afterthat,beforethis,beforethateg.1.FirstIneedyournameandaddress.Second,whensyourbirthday?
2.Heevenhandedoutadvertisementsatalocalsupermarket.Thenhetoldtheteachersatschoolaboutthisproblem.3.At8oclockIhavemath.Idontlikemath.Thenat9:
00Ihavescience.Next,at10:
00,Ihavehistory.4.Afterthat,theywenttotheOutdoorPoolwheretherewasagiantoctopus.,表示“另外,还有”whatsmore,besides,also,inaddition,still,aswellasNo,Icanthaveanypetsbecausemymotherhatesthem.Besides,ourapartmentistoosmall.Also,petsneedalotoflove.Still,itsagreatplacetovisitImluckytobehereformysix-monthEnglishcourse.Predictingthefuturecanbedifficultaswellasembarrassing.,结束陈述finally,lastly,intheend1.Firstcutupthreebananas,threeapplesandawatermelon.Nextputthefruitinabowl.Thenputintwoteaspoonsofcinnamonandacupofyogurt.Finallymixitallup.2.HethoughtaboutgoingtoGreeceorSpain,butfinallydecidedonCanada.,提供例子likeSomechampions,likethegolferTigerwoods,makebillionsofdollarsayear.suchasAlltherestaurantshavefamousfoodfromHolland,suchascheese.forexampleLillianLi,forexample,saidthatthebestwaytolearnnewwordswasbyreadingEnglishmagazines.forinstanceItstruethatsomeadscanbeveryuseful.Forinstance,theycanhelpyoutocomparetwodifferentproductsletssayAndreceivinggiftsisntalwayseasy,either.Letssayyourgrandmothergiveyouanorangesweater.,表示转折关系1.butSheusedtobeshort,butnowsheistall.Hehas46soccerballsand32volleyballs.Buthedoesntplaysports.2.howeverHowever,lifewithapigisntalwaysperfect.3.insteadInSweden,peopledontneedtospendtoomuchmoney.Instead,makingamealisenough.4.ontheotherhandOntheotherhand,peoplewhoarestressedoutandangrymighthavetoomuchyangintheirlives.5.onthecontraryTheyoungmandidntenjoyhisoldjob.Onthecontrary,hefindsthenewjobveryinteresting.6.whileWilliamRitchielovesthewallet,whilehisclassmateGinaArdelleslovesthewatch.,换一种方法表述1.Inotherwords2.Thatistosay用于陈述事实1.InfactIloveit.Infact,Ithinkitsprobablymyfavorite.2.Totellyouthetruth,显示资料来源accordingtoAccordingtoanancientChineselegendtheemperorShenNungdiscoveredteawhenhewasboilingdrinkingwateroveranopenfire.改变话题bythewayIdliketostartasnowglobecollectorsclub.Bytheway,whatsyourhobby?
asforAsforhomework,95%studentsdohomeworkeveryday.,对一个话题进行总结InshortInshort,thefilmwasthebestIveeverseen.AllinallInaword,
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 英语 段落 写作 标准