英国教育.ppt
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英国教育.ppt
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TheBritishEducationalSystem,英国教育体制,*Howlonghaveyoubeeneducated?
*Doyoulikeyourschoolsyears?
*Whatarestillinyourmemoryofschooldays?
*Whichstage(s)doyouthinkisthebestforyou?
AndWhy?
*Whatkindofeducation/teacheryouexpect?
EducationinChina,中国教育体制*学前教育(Pre-PrimaryEducation)3-5(Kindergarten/NurserySchools)*初等教育(Primary/ElementaryEducation)6-11(CompulsoryEducation)*中等教育(SecondaryEducation)age:
12-17JuniorHighSchool初中,SeniorHighSchool高中,-VocationalHighSchool职业高中-TechnicalSecondarySchool中专“第七条实施九年制义务教育,可以分为两个阶段。
第一阶段,实施初等义务教育;第二阶段,在实施初等义务教育的基础上实施初级中等义务教育。
(Age6-14)”,*高等教育(HigherEducation)JuniorCollegeUndergraduateEducationPost-GraduateEducationAthree-tierdegreesystem,offeringbachelors,masters,anddoctoratedegrees*继续教育(FurtherEducationandTraining),EducationintheUnitedKingdomisadevolvedmatterwitheachofthecountriesoftheUnitedKingdomhavingseparatesystemsunderseparategovernments.i.e.EducationalSysteminEnglandEducationalSysteminWalesEducationalSysteminN.IrelandEducationalSysteminScotland,EducationalSysteminEngland,ThePresentEducationalSystem*Pre-PrimaryEducation(3-5)*PrimaryEducation(5-11)*SecondaryEducation(11-16)*FurtherEducation(16-18)*HigherEducation(18+),CompulsoryEducation(5-16),StateSchools&PublicSchools,Pre-PrimaryEducation(3-5)学期教育*Institutions:
NurserySchools/Kindergartens*NOTcompulsory*Beavailableforkidsfromage3-5throughplaygroupsandnurseryschools(manyareonafee-payingbasis).*Theemphasisisongroupwork,creativeactivityandguidedplay.,1.StateSchools(公立学校):
11-yearCompulsoryEducation(5-16)StatePrimarySchoolSecondaryEducation(94%)2.PublicSchools/Independent/PrivateSchools(独立学校/公学):
PrepSchoolPublic(Independent)School(6%),TwoSystemsofprimaryandsecondaryeducationinBritain:
State(Maintained)schools:
*fundedbylocalandcentralgovernments.*Attendance:
94%*co-educationaldayschools*comparativelynew,ameansofextendingeducationtothecommonpeople.*imitatingthepublicschoolsinsomewaysbutgenerallyinferiortothem.,Publicschools=Independentschools:
*Tuitionfees;Endowments(捐赠)ordonationsfromsociety(esp.alumnitotheiralmamaters)*Attendance:
6%*BoysorGirls;usu.Boarding*originallycreatedtoprovideeducationforthesonsoftherichandaristocratic*Publicschoolshavebetterteachingstaff&facilities.*Studentsfromthepublicschoolsaremorepromising,e.g.EtonCollege伊顿公学haseducated20PrimeMinisters,6ChancellorsofExchequers,etc.,WhatarethedifferencebetweentheTwo?
*variousformsofstatesecondaryschools,*CradlesforOxbridgeandgoodprofession,Highersocialpositions,etc.,WhatarethedifferencebetweentheTwo?
State-SchoolStyleofprimary(5-11)andsecondaryeducation(11-18)inBritain:
*TheFeatures*PrimaryEducation*SecondaryEducationCompulsoryeducationbeginsat5until16inEngland,WalesandNorthernIreland.(11yearsintotal).,TheFeaturesTheimportanceofcompulsoryeducation(5-16)*Formaleducationplaysasocialandculturalroleinsocializingchildren(Purpose).*Itsignifiesthedevelopmentofeducation.*Itshapespeoplessociallifeandstatus.,2.EducationbyLaw*Full-timeeducationiscompulsoryforallchildrenagedbetween5and16(inclusive)acrossEngland(11yearsintotal).*Thiscanbeprovidedbystateschools(free-94%),independentschools(Public/Privateschools),orhomeschooling.,3.Curriculum*Allgovernment-runschools,stateschools,followthesameNationalCurriculum,whichwasintroducedintoEngland,WalesandNorthernIrelandasanationwidecurriculumforprimaryandsecondarystateschoolsfollowingtheEducationReformAct1988.,TheNationalCurriculum,EnglishScienceMathematicsPhysicalEducationInformation&CommunicationTechnologyMusic,GeographyArtDesign&TechnologyHistoryModernForeignLanguageCitizenshipWork-relatedLearning,4.TheSchoolYear学年*TheacademicyearinUKhasthreeterms.Eachtermwillrunforseventofourteenweeks-fromSeptembertoJuly.SchoolholidaysareChristmas,Easterandsummervocation(JulytoSep)9-12;1-4;5-7mon.Theprimary/secondaryschoolsandfurthereducationcollegesnormallyhaveamuchlongertermthanthoseadoptedbytheUniversities.*Theschoolhoursofattendancecommonly:
9:
0012:
00;14:
0016:
00,PrimaryEducation(5-11)初等教育*Pupilsmainly(94%)attendstatesectorprimaryschools:
compulsory-co-educationalormixedschools.*TheStateprimaryinstitutionsincluding:
“Infantsschools幼儿学校(5-7)”=FirstSchools“Juniorschools初级学校/小学(7-11)”*Year1toYear6*Thereslittleornospecialistsubjectteachingandgreatemphasisisonliteracyandnumeracyinearlyyears.,Differences,SecondaryEducation(11-18)中等教育,SecondaryEducation(11-16)-Year7-Year11StateSecondarySchools(11-16)1.GrammarSchools文法中学(3%)2.SecondaryModernSchools现代中学orTechnicalschools技校(7%)3.ComprehensiveSchools综合中学(84%),*GrammarSchools文法中学(3%)Grammarschoolsselectchildrenthroughanexaminationcalled“the11-plus”(preparingstudentsforhighereducation)-选拔优秀小学生毕业考试.,Whatisthe“11-plus”?
Itisanoldselectivesystem优选制,childrentakeanexamination,calledthe“elevenplus”intheirlastyearatprimaryschool.Theresultsofthisexaminationdeterminethekindofsecondaryschoolingeachchildwillreceive.*Thosewiththehighestmarksgotogrammarschools(3%),whichlayemphasisonadvancedacademicsubjectsratherthanthemoregeneralcurriculumofthecomprehensiveschoolsandexpectmanyoftheirpupilstogoontouniversities.*Otherchildrenmaygototechnicalschools技校andtherestgotosecondarymodernschools现代中学.(7%),*ComprehensiveSchools综合中学(84%)-Overcometheinequalityof11-plus-Inthe1960s,ComprehensiveschoolswereintroducedalloverthecountryandarethemostpopularsecondaryschoolsinBritaintoday.-Noentranceexam,ameansofextendingeducationtothecommonpeople-Generaleducation/non-selectiveandopentopupilsofallabilities,Whatisacomprehensiveschoollike?
*About25pupils/class*PracticalSubjects:
French(GermanorSpanish),physics,chemistry,biology,economics,shorthand,drama,cooking,gardeningorflower-arrangement,filming,etc.,Exams,Compulsoryeducationendsatage16.At16,studentstakeGCSEexamination.*GCSEGeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation(普通中等教育证书/中学毕业证书)after5yearsofsecondaryeducation.*Today,lettergradesareusedforGCSEwithA+,A,B,C,D,E,FrepresentingapassandGrepresentingafail.,GCSE,*FurtherEducation(16-18)延续教育-atermmainlyusedinconnectionwitheducationintheUnitedKingdomandIreland.-Knownas“TertiaryEducation”第三级教育fortwoyears”Year12,and13”.-About600colleges/schoolsofFurtherEducationinstitution(state-runonesarefree)-mostoffurthereducationareprovidedbyCollegesofFurtherEducation,collegesoftechonology,technicalcolleges;someareofferedatuniversitiesorasixformcollegeofasecondaryschool.-Itispost-compulsoryeducation,thatisdistinctfromtheeducationofferedinuniversities(highereducation).Itmaybeatanylevelabovecompulsorysecondaryeducation,frombasicskillstrainingtohighervocationaleducation.-BasedontheresultsoftheGCSE,theywilldecidewhatavenueofeducationtheywouldliketofollow:
AcademicRoute学业路线VocationalRoute职业路线,AcademicRoute学业路线Itisusuallychosenbysomemoreambitiousandhardworkingstudentspreparingforauniversity.TheywilltakeGCEO-level(一般水平普通教育证书)exams.Iftheypass,theymaytransfertoaschoolofFurtherEducationtolearnGCEA-Levelclassesfor2years.At18,theytakeGCEA-levelexaminationsusuallyin3(or4)subjects.inordertogotoauniversityorotherinstitutionsofhighereducation.,WhatareA-levelsexams?
GeneralCertificateofEducation-Advanced“普通教育高级证书大学入学考试/高考”.ForPupilswhohopetoattenduniversitycarryontheiracademicstudy.UsuallytakingplaceinaschooloffurtherEducation(Forexample,SixthFormschool六年级学校ortertiarycollege三级学校FurtherEducationCollege).Mostpupilstrytoachieve3or4A-levelsinthesubjectstheyaremostproficientat.(Stressful),VocationalRoute职业路线OtherpupilswhodecidenottogotouniversitymaychoosetosittheGNVQ(GeneralNationalVocationalQualification国家专业资格证书)forvocationaltrainingorpreparingforwork.,IndependentStyleofprimary(5-11)andsecondaryeducation(11-18)inBritain:
IntheUKprivateschoolsareconfusinglycalledpublicschools!
(6%ofthetotalschoolpopulation)*SchoolSystemsofIndependentSchools:
-PrimaryEducation:
”PrepSchool”预备学校at7/8-SecondaryEdu.:
At13-18,PublicSchool公学through“CommonEntrance”Exam*Hightuitionfees+largequantityofsocialendowments=affordingsmallerclasses+betterfaculty(withnicesalaries)*notpartofthenationaleducationsystem.*Mainlysingle-sexratherthanco-edschools.*Boardingschools.Question:
Whoareattendingsuchschools?
Thestudentsarelargelyfromaristocratic(贵族)andupperclassfamilies;andtheyaremoreexpectedtoOxbridge.BUTopponentsvoicedoubts:
Itssociallydivisiveandbreedselitism;theyareofferingmorepromisingopportunitiesto6%ofBritishchildren,butitsunfairfortheremaining94%!
TheMostWell-knownPublicSchools:
EtonCollege(伊顿公学)(1440byKingHenryVI)HarrowSchool(哈罗公学)(1571)(Byron,Churchill)WinchesterCollege(温切斯特公学)(1394)RugbySchool(拉格贝公学)(1567)(Rugbywasfirstplayedhere.),EtonCollege伊顿公学,ForboysONLY!
Itsstudentsarefromnobleandupperclassfamilies.(PrinceCharles,William&Harry)Sofar,about20PMswereeducatedatEton.thechiefnurseofEnglandsstatesmenNootherschoolcanclaimtohavesentforthsuchacohortofdistinguishedfigurestomaketheirmarkontheworld.Theschoolfeeincludestuition,board&lodging,laundry,personalaccidentinsurance,andthecostofmostactivities.HowmuchistheschoolfeeatEton?
Anannualfeeofabout26,490.,EtonCollege,EtonPupils,withthetutor,HigherEducation,HigherEducation(18+)高等教育FormalUniversities*Introduction*Categories*EntranceProcedu
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