广东高考英语阅读理解考点突破--推断作者写作目的、观点态度.ppt
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广东高考英语阅读理解考点突破--推断作者写作目的、观点态度.ppt
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如何推断作者观点和态度:
说明文中作者的态度:
objective客观的)neutral(中立的);在议论文中,有:
(1)positive(积极的)
(2)negative(消极的)(3)neutral(中立的)(4)approval(赞成的)(5)disapproval(不赞成的)(6)indifferent(漠不关心)(7)sarcastic(讽刺的)(8)critical(批评的)(9)optimistic(10)pessimistic,客观的,消极的,漠不关心的,(赞成的),不赞成的,乐观的,悲观的,要求考生推断作者对某人或某事物的看法或态度。
常见的题干有:
(1)Thewritersattitudetowardis_.
(2)Whatistheauthorsopinionof?
(3)Accordingtotheauthor,_.,名师指津,技巧点拨:
根据作者的语言,叙述的事实。
引用的例证,人物的对话和动作。
心里活动的描述;4.要根据作者在文中的措辞,尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词5.所举的例子,推断出作者的弦外之音,熟悉作者表达观点态度的词,如subjective(主观的),objective(客观的)等。
(1)2009年陕西卷“Oldwivestales”arebeliefspasseddownfromonegenerationtoanother.Forexample,mostofusrememberourparentstellingustoeatmoreofcertainfoodsornottodocertainthings.Isthereanytruthintheseteachings?
Someofthemagreewithpresentmedicalthinking,butothershavenotpassedthetestoftime.Didyourmotherevertellyoutoeatyourcarrotsbecausetheyaregoodforyoureyes?
Scientistsnowreportthateatingcarrotscanhelppreventaseriouseyediseasecalledmaculardegeneration.,考点击破,阅读下列短文或段落,从每题所给四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Eventhoughsciencecantellusthatsomeofourtraditionalbeliefsdontholdwater,thereisstillalotoftruthintheoldwivestales.Afterall,muchofthisknowledgehasbeenaccumulated(积累)fromthousandsofyearsofexperienceinfamilyhealthcare.54.Whatistheauthorsattitudetoward“oldwivestales”inthetext?
A.SubjectiveB.ObjectiveC.DissatisfiedD.Curious,
(1)B。
由第三段的“notallofMomsadvicepassedthetest”,第四段“Eventhoughsciencecantellusthatsomedontholdwater,thereisstill”可知作者对于“老人言”持客观态度。
(2)2009年浙江卷InancientEgypt,thepharaoh(法老)treatedthepoormessagerunnerlikeaprincewhenhearrivedatthepalace,ifhebroughtgoodnews.However,iftheexhaustedrunnerhadthemisfortunetobringthepharaohunhappynews,hisheadwascutoff.Shadesofthatspiritspreadovertodaysconversations.OnceafriendandIpackedupsomepeanutbutterandsandwichesforanouting.Aswewalkedlight-heartedlyoutthedoor,picnicbasketinhand,asmilingneighborlookedupattheskyandsaid,“Ohboy,baddayforapicnic.Theweathermansaysitsgoingtorain.”Iwantedtostrikehimontheracewiththepeanutbutterandsandwiches.Notforhisstupidweatherreport,forhissmile.,Itsnotthenewsthatmakessomeoneangry.Itstheunsympatheticattitudewithwhichitsdelivered.57.Inthewritersopinion,hisneighborwas_.A.friendlyB.warm-heartedC.notconsiderateD.nothelpful,
(2)C。
作者跟朋友正兴高采烈地要郊游,邻居却突然告知这个不好的消息,多扫兴呀!
特别是邻居还smile,显得没有同情心(unsympathetic),更让作者认为邻居不“体谅”他们。
(4)2009年浙江卷FourpeopleinEngland,backin1953,staredatphoto51.Itwasntmuch-apictureshowingablackX.ButthreeofthesepeoplewontheNobelPrizeforfiguringoutwhatthephotoreallyshowedtheshapeofDNA.ThediscoverybroughtfameandfortunetoscientistsJamesWatson,FrancisCrick,andMauriceWillkins.Thefourth,theonewhoactuallymadethepicture,wasleftout.HernamewasRosalindFranklin.“ifherphotohadntbeenthere,theotherscouldnthavecomeupwiththestructure.”onereasonFranklinwasmissingwasthatshehaddiedofcancerfouryearsbeforetheNobeldecision.ButnowscholarsdoubtthatFranklinwasnotonlyrobbedofherlifebydiseasebutrobbedofcreditbyhercompetitions.,WhatshedidwasproduceX-raypicturesthattoldWatsonandCrickthatoneoftheirearlymodelswasinsideout.Andshewasnotshyaboutsayingso.ThatangeredWatson,whoattackedherinreturn,”AsFranklinscompetitors,Wilkins,WatsonandCrickhadmuchtogainbycuttingheroutofthelittlegroupofresearchersWatsonwrotehisbooklaughingather.Crickwrotein1974that“Franklinswasonlytwostepsawayfromthesolution.”No,Franklinwasthesolution.“ShecontributedmorethananyotherplayertosolvingthestructureofDNA.Shemustbeconsideredaco-discoverer,”,64.WhatisthewritersattitudetowardWilkins,WatsonandCrick?
Disapproving.B.Respectful.C.Admiring.D.Doubtful.,(4)A。
由第一段中的“theonewhoactuallymadethepicture”,第二段中的“ifherphotohadntbeenthere,theotherscouldnthavecomeupwiththestructure.”第五段的“No,Franklinwasthesolution.”可知,作者是对Franklin的肯定,也就是不赞成Wilkins,WatsonandCrick的做法;由第二段中的robbed,第三段的attacked,第四段的bycuttingheroutof,可知作者是对Wilkins,WatsonandCrick的鄙视。
(5)2009全国I卷旅行日记Monday,October6Rainedlastnight,cloudyinthemorning,69FWespentabouttwohoursinNancy,thensailedontheCanaldelaMarneauRhine.Kindofalazyday,eatingbreakfast,lunch,anddinner.AfterdinnerwewatchedatapeonBaccarat,wherewewillvisittomorrow.Itwaspleasanttositoutondeck(甲板)andwatchthescenerygobyatabout3mph.Wednesday,October8Cloudy,65F,TodaywesailedfromSchneckenbushtoSaverne.Wewentthroughtwocaves,anextremelyunusualpartofthejourney.Thisriversceneryisverydifferent.Wewereinamountainvalleywithgrasslandononesideandaforestbeginningtoshowsomecolorontheother.79.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthetour?
A.Tiring.B.Expensive.C.Enjoyable.D.Quick.,(5)C。
由日记中的pleasant,unusual,different等可推知,作者认为这次旅游是“愉快的”。
Whydopeopletakepartinsuchactivitiesasthese?
Somepsychologists(心理学家)suggestthatitisbecauselifeinmodernsocietieshasbecomesafeandboring.Notverylongago,peoplesliveswereconstantlyindanger.Theyhadtogooutandhuntforfood,diseasescouldnoteasilybecuredandlifewasacontinuousbattleforsurvival(生存).Nowadays,accordingtomanypeople,lifeofferslittleexcitement.Theyliveandworkincomparativelysafeconditions;theybuyfoodinshops;andtherearedoctorsandhospitalstolookafterthemiftheybecomeill.Theanswerforsomeofthesepeopleistolookfordangerinactivitiessuchasbungeejumping.(5分钟)Thewriterofthetexthasa_attitudetowardsdangeroussports.A.positiveB.negativeC.neutralD.nervous,AttheconferenceinSanFrancisco,DonaldLouria,aprofessoratNewJerseyMedicalSchoolinNewarksaidadvancesinusinggenesaswellasnanotechnologymakeitlikelythathumanswillliveinthefuturebeyondwhathasbeenpossibleinthepast.“Thereisagreatpushsothatpeoplecanlivefrom120to180years,”hesaid.Somehavesuggestedthatthereisnolimitandthatpeoplecouldliveto200or300or500years”(08湖南),DonaldLouriasattitudetowardslonglivingisthat_A.peoplecanlivefrom120to180B.itisstilldoubtfulhowlonghumanscanliveC.thehumanbodyisdesignedtolastpastabout120yearsD.itispossibleforhumanstolivelongerinthefuture.,-allartbegstheage-oldquestion:
Whatisreal?
Eachgenerationofartistshasshowntheirunderstandingofrealityinoneformoranother.Theimpressionistssawrealityinbriefemotionaleffects,therealistsineverydaysubjectsandinforestscenes,andtheCro-Magnoncavepeopleintheirnaturalisticdrawingsoftheanimalsintheancientforests.Tosumup,understandingrealityisanecessarystruggleforartistsofallperiods.Whatistheauthorsopinionofartisticreality?
A.ItwillnotbefoundinfutureworksofartB.Itdoesnothavealong-lastingstandardC.ItisexpressedinafixedartisticfromD.Itislackinginmodernworksofart,SomepeoplesaythatManisnaturallyahunter.Idisagreewiththeview.Surelyoutearliestfondfathers,whoatfirstpossessednoweapons,spenttheirtimediggingforroots,andwerenodoubtthemselvesoftenhuntedbymeat-eatinganimals.Ibelievethemainreasonwhythemodernhunterkillsisthathethinkspeoplewilladmirehiscourageinoverpoweringdangerousanimals-Icanunderstandsuchbeliefs,andcancomparethesehunterswiththosewhohuntedlionswithspearsandbravelycaughtthembythetail.Butthisisverydifferentfrommanytiger-shootsIhave,seen,inwhichmodernweaponswereused.Theso-calledhuntersfiredfromtalltreesorfromthebacksoftrainedelephants.Suchmethodsmadetigersseemnomoredangerousthanrabbits.(北京)Whatistheauthorsviewonthetiger-shootshehasseen?
A.ModernhunterslackthecouragetohuntfacetofaceB.ModernhuntersshouldusemoreadvancedweaponsC.ModernhuntersliketohuntrabbitsinsteadoftigersD.Modernhuntersshouldputtheirsafetyfirst,Theevidenceforharmonymaynotbeobviousinsomefamilies.Butitseemsthatfouroutoffiveyoungpeoplenowgetonwiththeirparents,whichistheoppositeofthepopularlyheldimageofunhappyteenagerslockedintheirroomafterendlessfamilyquarrels.Animportantnewstudyintoteenageattitudessurprisinglyshowsthattheirfamilylifeismoreharmoniousthanithaseverbeeninthepast.“Theyreexpectedtoberebelliousandselfishbutactuallythey-”-“Myparentsarehappytodiscussthingswithmeandwillingtolistentome,”says17-year-old,DanielLazall.-Maybethispositiveviewoffamilylifeshouldnotbeunexpected.Itispossiblethattheideaofteenagersrebellionisnotrootedinrealfacts-.(北京)Accordingtotheauthor,teenagerebellion_.A.maybeafalsebeliefB.iscommonnowadaysC.existedonlyinthe1960sD.resultedfromchangesinfamilies,Lifeontheshipisanythingbutcruising.Estrellaandhisfellowsworkatleast10hoursaday,sevendaysaweek.Hewarnsthejobisnotforeverybody.“Youhavetolovebeingbusyandbepreparedtoworkeverydayandtogiveupdrinkingtoomuchalcohol.”inhissparetime,iftheshipsailsintoaport,Estrellaexploresit,otherwiseheworksoutinthecrewsgym,goesontheinternetorcallshome.(四川)Inthelastparagraph,thewriterthinksthatlifeontheshipis_.A.notatiringjourneyatallB.justaninterestingvoyageC.farfromavoyageforpleasureD.morethanapleasanttravelbysea,实战练习:
“Youcango,”saidthelieutenant,“butIdontthinkitwillbeworthit.Yourfriendisprobablydeadandyoumaythrowyourownlifeaway.”Thelieutenantswordsdidntmatter,andthesoldierwentaway.Question:
Whatsthelieutenantsattitudetowardsthesoldierssavinghisfriend?
A.NegativeB.PositiveC.NeutralD.Supporti
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