Molecular Biology & Biotechnology of Plant organelles.pdf
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Molecular Biology & Biotechnology of Plant organelles.pdf
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MOLECULARBIOLOGYANDBIOTECHNOLOGYOFPLANTORGANELLESMolecularBiologyandBiotechnologyofPlantOrganellesChloroplastsandMitochondriaEditedbyHenryDaniellDepartmentofMicrobiologyandMolecularBiology,andChristineChaseHorticulturalSciencesDepartment,UniversityofFlorida,UniversityofCentralFlorida,Orlando,Florida,U.S.A.Gainesville,Florida,U.S.A.AC.I.P.CataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress.P.O.Box17,3300AADordrecht,TheNetherlands.SoldanddistributedinNorth,CentralandSouthAmericaInallothercountries,soldanddistributedP.O.Box322,3300AHDordrecht,TheNetherlands.Printedonacid-freepaperAllRightsReservedNopartofthisworkmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,microfilming,recordingorotherwise,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthePublisher,withtheexceptionofanymaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeingenteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.PrintedintheNetherlands.ISBN1-4020-3166-1(e-book)ISBN1-4020-2713-3(HB)PublishedbySpringer,101PhilipDrive,Norwell,MA02061,U.S.A.bySpringer,bySpringer,2004SpringervCONTENTSPrefaceviiAbouttheEditorsviiiContributorsixColorPlatesxi1.IntroductiontotheMolecularBiologyandBiotechnologyofPlant1OrganellesHenryDaniellandChristineD.ChaseSECTION1:
ORGANELLEGENOMESANDPROTEOMICS2.TheEvolutionaryOriginsofPlantOrganelles15MichaelW.Gray3.TheSomaticInheritanceofPlantOrganelles37S.Heinhorst,C.L.Chi-Ham,S.W.AdamsonandG.C.Cannon4.TheSexualInheritanceofPlantOrganelles93RudolphHagemann5.PlastidGenomes115R.M.MaierandC.Schmitz-Linneweber6.PlantMitochondrialGenomes151C.Fauron,J.Allen,S.CliftonandK.Newton7.Proteomics,BioinformaticsandGenomicsAppliedtoPlantOrganelles179C.ColasdesFrancs-Small,B.SzurekandI.SmallSECTION2:
ORGANELLEGENEEXPRESSIONANDSIGNALING8.TheTranscriptionofPlantOrganelleGenomes213AndreasWeihe9.RNAEditinginPlantOrganelles239R.MichaelMulligan10.PlastidandPlantMitochondrialRNAProcessingandRNAStability261A.MarchfelderandS.Bindervi11.IntronSplicinginPlantOrganelles295AliceBarkan12.TranslationalMachineryinPlantOrganelles323LindaBonen13.RegulationofTranslationinChloroplasts347WilliamZerges14.TargetingSignalsandImportMachineryofPlastidsandPlant385MitochondriaElzbietaGlaserandJrgenSoll15.ProteolysisinPlantOrganelles419ZachAdamSECTION3:
ORGANELLEBIOTECHNOLOGY16.ChloroplastGeneticEngineering443HenryDaniell,PaulR.Cohill,ShashiKumar,andNathalieDufourmantel17.EngineeringHerbicideResistancePathwaysinPlastids491AmitDhingraandHenryDaniell18.MetabolicEngineeringofChloroplastsforAbioticStressTolerance513JoeH.CherryandBrentL.Nielsen19.MetabolicPathwayEngineeringForNutritionEnrichment527NiranjanBaisakhandSwapanDatta20.PlastidMetabolicPathwaysforFattyAcidMetabolism543IkuoNishida21.MetabolicEngineering:
PlastidsasBioreactors565KarenBohmert,OliverP.PeoplesandKristiD.Snell22.CytoplasmicMaleSterilityandFertilityRestorationbyNuclearGenes593ChristineD.ChaseandS.Gabay-Laughnan23.TheUseofCytoplasmicMaleSterilityforHybridSeedProduction623MichaelJ.Havey24.SomaticCellCybridsandHybridsinPlantImprovement635W.W.Guo,X.D.CaiandJ.W.GrosserviiPrefaceWehavetaughtplantmolecularbiologyandbiotechnologyattheundergraduateandgraduatelevelforover20years.Inthepastfewdecades,thefieldofplantorganellemolecularbiologyandbiotechnologyhasmadeimmensestrides.Fromthegreenrevolutiontogoldenrice,plantorganelleshaverevolutionizedagriculture.Giventheexponentialgrowthinresearch,theproblemoffindingappropriatetextbooksforcoursesinplantbiotechnologyandmolecularbiologyhasbecomeamajorchallenge.Afteryearsofhandingoutphotocopiesofvariousjournalarticlesandreviewsscatteredthroughouttheprintandelectronicmedia,aserendipitousmeetingoccurredatthe2002IATPCWorldCongressheldinOrlando,Florida.Aftermytalkandevaluatingseveralposterspresentedbyinvestigatorsfrommylaboratory,Dr.JaccoFlipsen,PublishingManagerofKluwerPublishersaskedmewhetherIwouldconsidereditingabookonPlantOrganelles.Iacceptedthischallenge,aftermonthsofdeliberations,primarilybecauseIwasunsuccessfulinfindingatextbookinthisareaformanyyears.IsignedthecontractwithKluwerinMarch2003withapromisetodeliveracamera-readytextbookonJuly1,2004.Giventheshortdeadlineandthecomplexityofthetask,Iquicklyrealizedthistaskwouldneedaco-editor.Dr.ChristineChasewasthefirstscientistwhocametomymindbecauseofherexpertiseinplantmitochondria,andshereadilyagreedtoworkwithmeonthisbook.Bothofusmadealistofthetopicsandtheeminentresearchersinchloroplastsandmitochondria.Fortunatelyalmostallinvitedscientistsagreedtocontributeachapterontheirtopicofexpertise.Weareextremelythankfultotheauthorswhocontributedtheirknowledgetothisbook,andtheircommitmenttoeducatestudentsoffuturegenerations.Throughmeticulousworktheyensuredthatthetopicswerethoroughlyresearched,uptodateandwellpresented.Wearethankfulthattheytooktimefromtheirverybusyschedulesandsubmittedchaptersinatimelymanner.Unfortunately,welosttwoofourvaluedcolleaguesduringthepreparationofthisbook.ProfessorRainerMaierdiedinApril2004aftercompletingChapter5.ProfessorLawrenceBogoraddiedinDecember2003beforehecouldwriteanoverviewofthisfield.HehasbeenHenryDaniellsmentorandfriendfortwodecades,andwillbemissedverymuch.Thetransformationofthemanuscriptintoabook,inacamera-readyformat,involvedamyriadoftasksthatrequiredthehelpofmany.JaccoFlipsenandNoelineGibsonofSpringerPresswerepatientwithourquestionsregardingstyle,graphics,andformat.HenryDaniellwouldliketoacknowledgetheassistanceofhislabcolleaguesAmitDhingra,PaulCohill,andShashiKumar;VijayPattisapuandSuneelModaniwereunstintingintheirefforts.HeisdeeplyindebtedtohiswifeShobanaforhelpineditingthisbookandconstantsupport.ChristineChasewouldliketothankherfirstmentorinscience,Dr.RolfBenzinger,forintroducinghertothefieldofgenetictransformation.ShealsothankshercolleaguesDrs.DarylPring,SusanGabay-Laughnan,andKenClineforcountlessdiscussionsoforganellebiologyandgeneticsovertheyearsandfortheirinsightsregardingthecontentofthisvolume.WededicatethisbooktothememoryofProfessorsLawrenceBogoradandRainerMaier.Bothofthemmademajorcontributionsandcontinuetoinspiremanyscientiststoconductresearchinchloroplastmolecularbiology.HenryDaniellChristineChaseviiiAbouttheEditorsHenryDaniellwasbornandeducatedinIndia.HemovedtotheUnitedStatesasapost-doctoralfellowattheUniversityofIllinois,Urbana-Champaignin1980.SincethenhehasservedonthefacultyofWashingtonStateUniversity,UniversityofIdahoAuburnUniversityandUniversityofCentralFlorida(asPegasusProfessor&TrusteeChair).Hehaspublishedover100researcharticlesonseveralareas,includingDNAreplicationinchloroplastandmitochondria,identificationofnewgenesinthemitochondrialgenome,promiscuousDNAandtheirevolutionarysignificance,maternalinheritance,transgenecontainment,photosynthesis(Rubisco,electrontransport),chlorophyllbiosynthesis,chloroplastdevelopment,inorganelloproteinsynthesis,transcription,RNAprocessing,RNAstability,translation,proteinimport,proteolysisandregulationoftheseprocesses.Hepioneeredthechloroplastgeneticengineeringapproachinthe1980sandadvancedthisconcepttoconferusefulagronomictraits(forbiotic&abioticstress,photoremediation,cytoplasmicmalesterility,etc.)andtoexpressvaccineantigens,biopharmaceuticalsandbiomaterialsintransgenicplants.Hehasextendedthistechnologytomajorcrops,includingcotton.Numerousundergraduates,graduatesandpost-doctoralfellowsweretrainedtousethisexperimentalsystem.Basedonhisoldestpatentsinthisfield,heisthetechnicalfounderofChlorogenInc.,whichisnowevaluatingchloroplasttransgeniccropsinthefield.HeisaneditorofthePlantBiotechnologyJournalandhasreceivedseveralDistinguishedResearcherandTeachingExcellenceAwards.Dr.DaniellhasservedasaconsultanttotheUnitedNationsinbiotechnologyandwaselectedtotheNationalAcademyofSciences,Italyin2004,ararehonorbestowedon14Americansinthepast222years.ChristineChasewasbornandraisedinrural,upstateNewYork.SheearnedaB.S.degreeinScienceEducationfromCornellUniversityin1973andaPh.D.inBiologyfromtheUniversityofVirginiain1981.Duringhergraduatestudies,shewassupportedbyaNIHTraineeshipinGeneticsawardedthroughtheBiologyDepartment.Herintroductiontoorganelleresearchbeganwithherpostdoctoraltraining(1981-1984)inthelaboratoryofDarylPring,USDA-ARS,attheUniversityofFlorida.ShejoinedthefacultyoftheUniversityofFloridaInstituteofFoodandAgriculturalSciencesin1985,andshecurrentlyholdstherankofProfessorintheHorticulturalSciencesDepartment.ShewasafoundingmemberoftheUniversityofFloridaInterdepartmentalGraduatePrograminPlantMolecularandCellularBiology,andsheservedasCo-Director(1993-1995)andDirector(1995-1997)ofthatprogram.Dr.Chaseteachesingraduate-levelAdvancedGeneticsandPlantMolecularBiologycourses.HerresearchexploitstheuniquebiologyandgeneticsofScytoplasmicmalesterilityinmaizetostudyplantmitochondrialbiogenesisandfunction.Thisresearchplatformpresentsanarrayofinterestingbiolog
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