北京大学英文简介终稿.doc
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北京大学英文简介终稿.doc
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PekingUniversity
English-ChineseSummerProgram
SchoolofForeignLanguages
PekingUniversity
PekingUniversity:
AnIntroduction
1.北京大学简介:
ABriefHistory……………………………………1
2.燕园景观:
MainSightsonCampus………………………………3
3.西门:
TheWestGate………………………………………………3
4.办公楼:
UniversityAdministrationBuilding…………4
5.华表:
TheOrnamentalColumns…………………………………5
6.南北阁楼:
TheSouthandNorthPavilions…………………………5
7.未名湖与博雅塔:
The“Unnamed”Lake&BoyaPagoda……….6
8.翻尾石鱼与石舫:
RelicsontheLakeside……………………7
9.临湖轩:
LinHuXuan(UniversityReceptionHouse)….……8
10.蔡元培雕像:
StatueofCaiYuanpei…………………………8
11.斯诺墓:
TombofEdgarSnow………………………………9
12.赛克勒考古博物馆:
ArthurM.SacklerMuseumof
ArtandArchaeology……………………………………10
13.图书馆:
PekingUniversityLibrary………………………………12
14.百年纪念讲堂:
CentennialCommemorativeHall……13
1.北京大学简介
PekingUniversity:
ABriefHistory
PekingUniversitywasfoundedin1898,andhadasitsfirstEnglishnametheImperialUniversityofPeking.ItwasthefirstnationalcomprehensiveuniversityandthehighestadministrativeorganforeducationinChina.TheestablishmentofthisUniversitymarkedthebeginningofChina'smodernhistoryofhighereducation.Itwasin1912,aftertheRevolutionof1911,thattheUniversityadopteditspresentname.In1917,whenMr.CaiYuanpei,anoutstandingscholarandeducator,wasappointedPresidentofPekingUniversity,hesucceededintransformingtheUniversityfromanimperialschoolintoamodernuniversity.PekingUniversityalsobecamethecenteroftheChineseNew-CultureMovementandtheearliestbaseforthespreadofMarxisminChina.By1919,PekingUniversityhaddevelopedintoChina’slargestinstitutionofhigherlearning,with14departmentsandmorethan2,000students.SincethenPekingUniversityhasremainedformanydecadesthecenterofmoderncultureanddemocracyinChina.
DuringtheWarofResistanceagainstJapaneseinvasioninthe1930s,PekingUniversitymovedtoKunming,inYunnanProvinceinthesouthwest,andformedtheNationalSouthwesternAssociatedUniversitytogetherwithTsinghuaUniversityandNankaiUniversity.In1946,afterthevictoryoftheanti-JapaneseWar,PekingUniversitymovedbacktoBeijing.AtthattimePekingUniversitywascomposedofsixschools(Arts,Science,Law,Medicine,Engineering,andAgriculture),andaresearchinstituteforHumanities.Thetotalenrollmentofstudentshadgrownto3,000.
AfterthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChinain1949,theCentralGovernmentcarriedoutanationwidereadjustmentofcollegesanduniversitiesin1952,inthehopethatitcouldpromotehighereducationandeducatestudentsintermsofspecializedknowledgeandskillsbyredistributingresources.Afterthereadjustment,PekingUniversitybecameauniversitywithdepartmentsofbothliberalartsandsciences.By1962,thetotalenrollmenthadrisento10,671undergraduatestudentsand280graduatestudents.ItwasinthatyearthatPekingUniversitymovedtoitspresentcampus,whichhadbeenthecampusofYenchingUniversity.
Sincethelate1970sPekingUniversityhasbeeninaprocessofunprecedenteddevelopmentinbothsizeandquality.In2000,theformerBeijingMedicalUniversitywasincorporatedintoPekingUniversity,whichisnowafullycomprehensiveuniversitywithmultipledisciplines,includingNaturalSciences,Humanities,SocialSciences,ManagementSciences,MedicalScience,andEngineering.Tostudentsfromhomeandabroad,itoffersalargerangeofundergraduateprograms,Mastersprograms,andPh.D.programs.TheUniversityconsistsof30schoolsand12departments,with93disciplinesforundergraduates,twodisciplinesforthesecondBachelor'sdegree,199disciplinesforMastercandidates,and173disciplinesforDoctoralcandidates.Additionally,ithas216researchinstitutesandresearchcenters,includingtwonationalengineeringresearchcenters,81nationalkeydisciplines,and12nationalkeylaboratories.ThecurrentPresidentofPekingUniversityisProfessorXuZhihong,awell-respectedbiologistandacademicianoftheChineseAcademyofSciences.
PekingUniversitylaysemphasisonbothteachingandscientificresearch.Greateffortshavebeenmadetoreforminallpossiblewaysandimprovethequalityofundergraduateandgraduateeducation,andmaintaintheroleoftheUniversityasaleadingresearchinstitution.NamedafterCaiYuanpei,aspecialprogramwasinitiatedin2001aspartoftheundergraduateteachingreform.Theprogramischaracterizedbyafocusongeneraleducation,whichgoesthroughthefirsttwoundergraduateyearsandisfollowedbymorespecializededucationintheothertwoyears.Theobjectiveistostrengthenthetraininginbasicabilitiesbeforestudentsdevotethemselvestoaspecializedfield.
PekingUniversityhasalsoconnecteditselftotheglobalacademiccommunity.Ithasestablishedpartnershipwithabout200universitiesfromover44countriesandregionsandthuscultivatedaworldwidenetworkforacademicexchangeandcooperation.EachyearPekingUniversityinvitesover300foreignexpertsforteachingandresearchandhostsaround400internationalconferences.Meanwhile,PekingUniversityfacultyandstudentsmakeover5,000overseasvisitsforadvancedresearchandtrainingoracademicconferences.ThenumberofinternationalstudentsatPekingUniversityismorethan3000,whocomefromdozensofcourtiersandregions.
2.燕园景观
MainSightsonCampus
ThecampusofPekingUniversity,whichisknownas“Yanyuan”(orYanGuarden),issituatedintheHaidianDistrictonthewestoutskirtsofBeijing.ItisnearthefamousSummerPalaceandYuanmingGarden(theRuinedWinterPalace).Aspartoftheformerroyalgardenbeforethetwentiethcentury,PekingUniversityishometomanysuperiorexamplesofChinesearchitectureandrelicsfromtheQingDynasty.
3.西门
TheWestGate
AsthemainentranceofPekingUniversity,theWestGateisabouteightmetershighandfacestothewest.Itsarchitectureisuniqueinatraditionalstyle,withbeautifulbeams,colorfullypaintedrafters,andapairofmarblelionsstandingonbothsidesinfrontofthegate.ThegateresemblestheEasternGateoftheSummerPalace.Withitstraditionalandnationalstyle,thegateisdistinctive.Overthegatewayhangsthecalligraphyof“PekingUniversity”bythelateChairmanMaoZedong.Duringholidays,theWestGateiscustomarilydecoratedwithbright-coloredflowersandneonlights.
TheWestGateisalsooneofthestartingpointsforvisitorstoenjoythebeautifulsceneryofthecampus.InsidetheGate,theAlumniBridgeimmediatelycomesintoview.TheBridgespansacrossasmallpool.Standingonthisstonebridgeandlookingdown,visitorsmayseegoldfish.
Visitorscanalsoseethelawns,apairofornamentalcolumnsastheculturalrelic,theoldtalltrees,andtraditionalarchitecture.TheimageofWestGaterepresentsPekingUniversityinmanyways.ThusmanystudentsofPekingUniversityhavetheirpicturetakenthereaspartoftheircommencement.VisitorsalsofavorthegateasanimageofPekingUniversity.
4.办公楼
UniversityAdministrationBuilding
Builtupin1926,theUniversityAdministrationBuildingwasoriginallynamedShideBuilding,orBashfordHall,inmemoryofJamesWhiteBashford,thesecondpresidentofHuiwenSchool,whichlaterdevelopedintoYenchingUniversity.ItbecamethePekingUniversityAdministrationBuildingin1952,whenYenchingUniversitywasincorporatedintoPekingUniversity.Itsarchitectureistraditionalandgrand,withthesymmetricalsidesthatmakethemiddlepartofthebuildingstandout,grayroof,redpillars,whitewalls,andthevividpaintingsonthebeams.ItlookslikeagrandhallinanimperialpalaceinancientChinaandpresentssuchamagnificentmannerthatitmarksitselfoutofthearchitecturearoundit.Theauditoriumonthesecondflooristhesiteofmanyimportanteventsinthepastandpresent,includingthepatrioticstudents’movementsintheearlydecadesofthetwentiethcentury,andvisitsandspeechesbyworldfiguressuchastheformerU.S.PresidentBillClinton.
5.华表
TheOrnamentalColumns
TothewestofthePekingUniversityAdministrationBuildingstandthepairofOrnamentalColumnswithcarveddragons.ItissaidthattheOrnamentalColumnsweremadeintheRuinedWinterPalacein1742,attheheightoftheQingDynasty.Madeofwhitemarble,thetwocolumnshaveatotalheightof8meterswithanoctagonalpedestalof1.24meters.ThecolumnsareanembodimentofthetraditionalChineseculture.
6.南北阁
TheSouthandNorthPavilions
TheSouthandNorthPavilionsaretwinsquare-shapedtraditionalbuildings.LegendholdsthatduringhisdaysinBeijingasPresidentofYenchingUniversity,JohnLeightonStuartmissedhistwodaughterssomuchthathehadthetwopavilionsbuilttoexpresshisloveforhischildren.TheSouthPavilionwasoriginallycalled“GandeBuilding”,servingastheresidenceofwomenstudents,whiletheNorthPavilionwasoriginallycalled“DefengBuilding”,servingastheplaceformusicteachingandstudents’activities.TheywerenamedafterDr.S.LuellaMiner,formerPresidentofNorthChinaUnionWomen'sUniversity,whichlaterbecametheDepartmentofWomen'sAffairsatYenchingUniversity.Dr.MinerwasappointedthefirstchairoftheDepartment.Inhonorofhernotablecontribution,thetwobeautifulpavilionswerethennamed“Gande”and“Defeng”.Later,asproposedbyQianMu,awell-knownscholarofChinesehistoryandculture,theSouthandNorthPavilionweresorenamed.In1983,asadonationfromPekingUniversityalumni,ane
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