2011年职称英语卫生类教材新增文章.doc
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2011年职称英语卫生类教材新增文章.doc
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2011年职称英语卫生类教材新增文章
阅读理解新增文章(共4篇)
目录:
第三篇(c级):
cookingoilfumescausetumor
第十八篇(b级):
exercisecanreplaceinsulinforelderlydiabetics
第二十四篇(b级):
preventingchlidmaltreatment
第三十四篇(a级):
bealerttoantimicrobialresistance
第三篇
cookingoilfumescausetumor
theleadingcauseoflungcanceramongwomeninthecitywascookingoilfumeswhilemenaremorelikelytodevelopthediseasefromsmoking,saidmedicalexpertsafterafive-yearresearchstudy.
doctorsannouncedtheresultsyesterdaywithanalysisonsomenewtendenciesinlungcancer.theysaidpatientsareyounger,especiallywomen.
accordingtotheshanghaitumorresearchinstitute,morelocalresidentsdieoflungcancerinthecitythananythingelse.followingbreastcancer,ithasthesecond-highestincidencerate.
“anunhealthylifestyleisaveryimportantreasonforlungcancer,”saiddrheyuminfromshanghaiminshentraditionalchinesemedicinetumordiagnosisandtreatmentcenter.
hefollowed2,276lungcancerpatientsforfiveyears.amongthem,1,483weremale.
smokingcauses70percentofcasesamongmenwhileonly18percentoffemalepatientsdevelopedcancerfromsmokingorinhalingsecond-handsmoke,accordingtothereport.
however,morethan60percentofwomenwiththediseasehadlongterm,closecontactwithstrongoilfumesfromcookingandcomplainedaboutlirritatedeyesandthroat.
about32percentofwomenfriedfoodsinboilingoilinunventilatedkitchensandabout25percentofwomen’sbedroomswereadjacentto2thekitchen.
however,localwomenweresurprisedtolearncookingoilfumescouldleadtocancer.someclaimedtheymaychangefoodpreparationmethods.
“unlessmyfamilyandidon'teatathomeeveryday,imuststayinthekitchentocook,"saidxuli.a45-year-oldlocalwoman."iknowthefumesarebadfortheskin,butitisthefirsttimeiheardthatitcanresultinlungcancer.ihavealreadystartedfryingless.’’
doctorssaidwomen’slungcancerhadfewlinkstopersonalhealthandphysicalcondition,butwascloselyrelatedtofamilycancerhistory,unhealthydietaryhabitsandweakimmunesystems.
otherexpertsagreedwithhe.3
"smokingisbyfarthebiggestcause4oflungcancerformen,"saiddrtanbinyong,honorarypresidentoftherespiratorydiseaseinstituteatfudanuniversity'smedicalcollege."it'struethatsecond-handsmokeandcookingfumesarethemaincausesamongwomen.”
he'sresearchalsowarnedpeoplenottostandnearofstallsselling5friedfoodsduetothepoorqualityofoilsused.
thechanceofcatchinglungcanceristhreetimeshigherifexposedtothefumeforalongtime,6expertssaid.
词汇:
fumen.烟,气,汽fryv.油炸,油煎
tumor(=tumour)n.肿瘤unventilatedvt.使不通风
cancern.癌瘤adjacentadj.临近的
breast/brest/n.乳房,胸dietaryadj饮食的
incidencen.发生(率)immuneadj免疫的
diagnosisn.诊断honoraryadj.名誉上的;荣誉的
inhalev.吸人respiratoryadj.呼吸的
irritatevt.使疼痛,刺激stalln.货摊
注释:
plain原意是“抱怨,诉苦”,但医学上常用complainabout或complainof表示“主诉"。
2.aajacentto:
与……相毗邻,临近……(地方)
3.otherexpertsagreedwithhe.其他专家同意何医生的意见。
agreewithsb:
同意某人的意见。
agreewithsth:
同意什么东西。
agreetodosth:
同意做什么事情。
4.byfarthebiggestcause:
最最大的原因。
byfar是用来做形容词最高级thebiggest的状语,对形容词最高级起强调作用。
本来形容词最高级就已经是最高了,可是说话的人还要对它再强调出来,所以就相当汉语的“最最……"的意思。
5.…warnedpeoplenottostandnearofstallsselling…:
警告人们不要站在卖……的货摊附近。
也可以说成“...warnedpeopleoffstallsselling.…”。
6.…ifexposedtothefumeforalongtime...…·如果长时间接触这种烟的话。
exposesb.tosth.原意是“使……(人)暴露于……(物)”,但医学文献中常常用来表达“接触到……(物)”的意思。
此处if引导的条件状语从句相当于“ifoneisexposedtothefumeforalongtime”。
练习:
1.whatanewtendencyinlungcancerisconcludedbytheresearchers?
amenaremorelikelytodeveloplungcancerthanwomen.
bwomenaremorelikelytodeveloplungcancerthanmen.
cpatientswithlungcancerbecomeolder,especiallymales.
dpatientswithlungcancerbecomeyounger,especiallyfemales.
2.whichofthefollowingdiseasesisthemostcommonamongthelocalresidentsinshanghai?
aheartdisease.bbreastcancer.
cinfectiousdiseases.dlungcancer.
3.whatsymptomsmaybecomplmnedofbymostwomenwithlungcancerafterlongterm.close
contactwithcookingoilfumes?
airritatedeyesandthroat.bseverepaininbothlungs.
ccontinuouscoughandheadache.ddifficultyinbreathing.
4.whatwasthelocalwomen’sreactionwhentheylearnedthatcookingoilfumescouldleadtocancer?
ahappy.bsurprised.
cangry.dcareless.
5.whichofthefollowinghasrelativelylittleconnectionwithwomen’slungcancer?
afamilycancerhistory.bunhealthydietaryhabits.
cweakimmunesystems.dpersonalhealthandphysicalcondition.
答案与题解:
1.d文章第二段明确提到,肺癌的新趋势就是“病人更年轻,尤其是妇女”。
2.b文章第三段说到,“肺癌排在乳腺癌之后,发病率第二高”,可见乳腺癌才是最常见的疾病。
3.a文章第七段说到,“60%以上患肺癌的妇女都长期接触厨房油烟并主诉眼睛和喉咙疼痛难受”。
4.b文章倒数第七段明确说到,“当妇女们知道厨房油烟可以致癌时都很惊讶"。
5.d回答此题时,首先要注意倒数第五段中的两处文字,即hadfewlinksto…和wascloselyrelatedto…,其中linkto意为connectionwith,而relateto则意为connectwith,都是“联系”的意思,只是few和closely的差别却很大。
few和little一样,都是具有否定意义的词,意为“很少,几乎没有",只是后面的名词分别为可数名词和不可数名词而已;它们与afew和alittle不同,afew和alittle具有肯定意义,意为“有几个”和“有一点”,后面的名词同样分别为可数名词和不可数名词。
如果这一点明白了,也就很容易回答这道题了
第十八篇
exercisecanreplaceinsulinforelderlydiabetics
mostolderpeoplewithso-calledtypeⅱdiabetescouldstoptakinginsuliniftheywoulddobriskexercisefor30minutesiustthreetimesaweek,accordingtonewmedicalresearchresultsreportedinthecopenhagennewspaperberlingsketidendeonmonday.
resultsfromtestsconductedondiabeticsatthecopenhagencentralhospitalrigshospitalet'scenterformuscleresearchshowedthatphysicalexercisecanboostthebody’sabilitytoutiliseinsulinby30percent,thenewspaperreported.
thisisequalto1theeffectmostelderlydiabeticsgetfromtheirinsulinmedicationtoday,itsaid.
researchershadagroupofnon-diabeticmenandagroupofmenwithtypeii,allmorethan60yearsofage,exerciseonbicyclessixtimesaweekforthreemonths.afterthethreemonthsthedoctorsmeasuredhowmuchsugarthetestsubjects’musclescouldutiliseasameasureforhowwelltheirinsulinworked.2
associateprofessor3dr.hemmingdelaofthemuscleresearchcentersaidthetestsdemonstratedthattheexercisingdiabeticshadjustashighinsulinutilisationasthehealthynon-exercisingpersons.
“thismeansthattheinsulinworksjustaswellforbothgroups.physicalexercisecannotcurepeopleofdiabetes,4butitcaneliminatealmostalltheirsymptoms.atthesametimeitcanputoff5thepointatwhichtheyhavetobegintakinginsulinorperhapscompletelyavoidinsulintreatment,”delawasquotedassaying.6
insulinisahormoneproducedbythepancreas,controllingsugarinthebodyandusedagainstdiabetes.
delasaidthattoachievethedesiredeffectdiabeticsneedonlyexercisetothepointwheretheybegintoworkup7asweat,butthattheactivityhastobemaintainedsinceitwearsoff8afterfivedayswithoutsufficientexercise.
mostdiabeticsrealisethattheyhavetowatchtheirdietwhileremainingunawareof9theimportanceofexercise,delaadded.
词汇:
insulinn.胰岛素utilise(=utilize)vt.利用,使用
diabeticadj.(患)糖尿病的;n.糖尿病患者medicationn.药物,药物治疗
subjectn.实验对象
diabetesn.糖尿病;多尿症utilisation(=utilization)n.利用,使用
briskadj.轻快的;活泼的,活跃的
copenhagenn.哥本哈根(丹麦首都)sayingn.格言
hormonen.激素
musclen.肌肉pancreasn.胰(腺)
注释:
1.beequalto:
等于
2.asameasureforhowwelltheirinsulinworked:
作为测量他们的胰岛素工作状况如何的标志。
从语法上分析,how引起的从句是for这个介词的宾语从句。
3.associateprofessor:
副教授
4.…cannotcurepeopleofdiabetes:
不能治好人们的糖尿病。
curesb.ofsth.:
给某人医治某病。
例如:
thismedicineshouldcureyouofyourcold.这药准能治好你的感冒。
5.putoff:
推迟,延期
6.delawasquotedassaying:
dela的话像格言一样被人们所引用。
注意谓语是被动语态。
7.workup:
逐步引起,激起
8.wearoff:
逐渐消失
9.(be)unawareofsth.:
不知道,没觉察
练习:
1.howcouldmostelderlytypeiidiabeticsstoptakinginsulin?
abytakingmoresalt.thanusual.
bbytakinglesssaltthanusual.
cbydoingbriskexerciseforhalfanhouratleastthreetimesaweek.
dbygoingclimbing,swimmingorboxingeveryday.
2.physicalexercisemayincreasethebodyabilitytoutiliseinsulinby
a70percent.b30percent.
c60percent.donlyafewpercent.
3.thesubjectsoftheresearchtestsconductedatthecopenhagencentralhospitalincluded
aelderlynon-diabeticmen.belderlytypeiidiabeticmen.
cbothsexesofallages.dbothaandb.
4.towhatadegreehavediebeticstoexerciseinordertoachievethedesiredeffect?
atothedegreewheretheybegintosweat.
btothedegreewheretheyfeelexhausted.
ctothepointwhentheyfeelthirsty.
dtothepointwhentheyhavetotakeinsulin.
5.accordingtodela,amongmostdiabeticstheimportanceofexerciseistheimportanceofwatchingtheirdiet.
aaspoorlyunderstoodasbaswellunderstoodas
clessunderstoodthandbetterunderstoodthan
答案与题解:
1.c文章一开始就有此问题的明确答案。
至于吃多少盐或者从事其他剧烈运动文章自始至终都没有提到。
2.b文章第二段说到,体育锻炼能将身体利用胰岛素的能力提高30%。
3.d此题答案在文章第四段,实验对象既有ii型糖尿病患者,也有健康人,而且都是60岁以上的男人。
4.a文章倒数第二段说到,体育锻炼只要达到出汗的程度就能起作用。
5.c最后一段明确说到,大多数糖尿病患者知道必须注意饮食,但却并不知道体育锻炼的重要性
第二十四篇
preventingchildmaltreatment
childmaltreatmentisaglobalproblemwithseriouslife-longconsequences.therearenoreliableglobalestimatesfortheprevalenceofchildmaltreatment.dataformanycountries,especiallylow-andmiddle-incomecountries,arelacking.
childmaltreatmentiscomplexanddifficulttostudy.currentestimatesvarywidelydependingonthecountryandthemethodofresearchused.nonetheless.internationalstudiesrevealthatapproximately20%ofwomenand5-10%ofmenreportbeingsexuallyabusedaschildren,while25-50%ofallchildrenreportbeingphysicallyabused.additionally,manychildr
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