考研全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一真题.docx
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考研全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一真题.docx
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考研全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一真题
2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语一试题
Directions:
SectionIUseofEnglish
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
①Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas“related”asfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.②Thatis1astudy,publishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,has2.
①Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted31,932uniquesubjectswhich4pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.②Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth5.
①While1%mayseem6,itisnotsotoageneticist.②AsJamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiego,says,“Mostpeopledonoteven7theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho8ourkin.”
①Thestudy9foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.②Whythissimilarityexistsinsmellgenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow.10,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismore11it.③Therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingtogetherthat12usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends13“functionalkinship”ofbeingfriendswith14!
①Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthatthesimilargenesseemtobeevolving15thanothergenes.②Studyingthiscouldhelp16whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor17factor.
①Thefindingsdonotsimplyexplainpeople’s18tobefriendthoseofsimilar19backgrounds,saytheresearchers.②ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,carewastakento20thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangers,weretakenfromthesamepopulation.
1.[A]what[B]why[C]how[D]when
2.[A]defended[B]concluded[C]withdrawn[D]advised
3.[A]for
4.[A]separated
5.[A]tests
6.[A]insignificant
[B]with
[B]sought
[B]objects
[B]unexpected
[C]by
[C]compared
[C]samples
[C]unreliable
[D]on
[D]connected
[D]examples
[D]incredible
7.[A]visit
[B]miss
[C]know
[D]seek
8.[A]surpass
[B]influence
[C]favor
[D]resemble
9.[A]again
[B]also
[C]instead
[D]thus
10.[A]Meanwhile
[B]Furthermore
[C]Likewise
[D]Perhaps
11.[A]about
[B]to
[C]from
[D]like
12.[A]limit
[B]observe
[C]confuse
[D]drive
13.[A]accordingto
[B]ratherthan
[C]regardlessof
[D]alongwith
14.[A]chances
[B]responses
[C]benefits
[D]missions
15.[A]faster
[B]slower
[C]later
[D]earlier
16.[A]forecast
[B]remember
[C]express
[D]understand
17.[A]unpredictable[B]contributory
[C]controllable
[D]disruptive
18.[A]tendency[B]decision
[C]arrangement
[D]endeavor
19.[A]political[B]religious
[C]ethnic
[D]economic
20.[A]see[B]show
[C]prove
[D]tell
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartADirections:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,Cor
D.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
①KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsisted“kingsdon’tabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.”
②ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.③So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?
④DoesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?
①TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.②Whenpublic
opinionisparticularlypolarised,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFrancoregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalunity.
①Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs’continuingpopularity
asheadsofstate.②Andso,theMiddleEastexcepted,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms(notcountingVaticanCityandAndorra).③ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.
①Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.②Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory—andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday—embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.③AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandother
economistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.
①Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.
②Princesandprincesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).③Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.
①WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtosurviveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.
①ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchy’sreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-heeled)grannystyle.②ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.③Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice—asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.④CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies.
21.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,KingJuanCarlosofSpain
[A]usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport.[B]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals.[C]easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals.[D]endedhisreigninembarrassment.
22.MonarchsarekeptasheadsofstateinEuropemostly
[A]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus.
[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality.[C]togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto.[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment.
23.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?
[A]Aristocrats’excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth.[B]Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies.[C]Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies.[D]Thenobility’sadherencetotheirprivileges.
24.TheBritishroyals“havemosttofear”becauseCharles
[A]takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues.[B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised.[C]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies.[D]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole.
25.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?
[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined[B]Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone[C]Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs[D]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats
Text2
①JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?
②TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.
①Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.②Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.
①ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia’sadvice.②Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticescanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.
①TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone—avaststorehouseofdigitalinformation—issimilarto,say,goingthrougha
suspect’spurse.②Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon’tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorpocketbookofanarresteewithoutawarrant.③Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.④Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.⑤Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing,”meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.
①Americansshouldtakestepstoprotecttheirdigitalprivacy.②Butkeepingsensitiveinformationonthesedevicesisincreasinglyarequirementofnormallife.③CitizensstillhavearighttoexpectprivatedocumentstoremainprivateandprotectedbytheConstitution’sprohibitiononunreasonablesearches.
①Assooftenisthecase,statingthatprincipledoesn’teasethechallengeofline-drawing.
②Inmanycases,itwouldnotbeoverlyburdensomeforauthoritiestoobtainawarranttosearchthroughphonecontents.③TheycouldstillinvalidateFourthAmendmentprotectionswhenfacingsevere,urgentcircumstances,andtheycouldtakereasonablemeasurestoensurethatphonedataarenoterasedoralteredwhilewaitingforawarrant.④Thecourt,though,maywanttoallowroomforpolicetocitesituationswheretheyareentitledtomorefreedom.
①ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia’sargumentwhole.②New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.③OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasavirtualnecessityoflifeinthe20th:
Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;they
mustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.
26.TheSupremeCour
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