小学英语语法复习资料714.docx
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小学英语语法复习资料714.docx
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小学英语语法复习资料714
七、动词
这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称,其中包括be动词、情态动词、助动词、行为动词(就是我们平时总说的那种动词)。
动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分,如不能一眼看出,可用如下方法:
先用―一(量词)‖(如:
一个、一张等)和这个词连起来说,如说得通,一般认为是名词;说不通再用―很‖去判断,就是把―很‖和为个词连起来说,说得通一般就是形容词;都说不通就是动词。
(目前我们学过的,以后可能不同)(另外一些很明显的,如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道)
1、be动词(am,is,are,was,were)
1)am—was,is–was,are--were
口诀:
我用am,你用are,is用在他她它,所有复数全用are。
2)肯定和否定句Iam(not)fromLondon.Heis(not)ateacher.
Sheis(not)inthediningroom.Myhairis(not)long.Hereyesare(not)small.
3)一般疑问句AmIaChinese?
Yes,youare.No,youaren’t.
AretheyAmerican?
Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.
Isthecatfat?
Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.
4)be动词的否定形式:
amnot(没有缩写形式),arenot=aren’t,isnot=isn’t
用be动词的适当形式填空。
1)I______aboy.______youaboy?
No,I_____not.
2)Thegirl______Jack'ssister.
3)Thedog_______tallandfat.
4)Themanwithbigeyes_______ateacher.
5)______yourbrotherintheclassroom?
6)How_______yourfather?
7)MikeandLiuTao______atschool.
8)Whosedress______this?
9)Whosesocks______they?
10)Who______I?
11)Thejeans______onthedesk.
12)Here______ascarfforyou.
13)Here______somesweatersforyou.
14)Theblackgloves______forSuYang.
15)Thispairofgloves______forYangLing.
16)Thetwocupsofmilk_____forme.
17)Sometea______intheglass.
18)Gaoshan'sshirt_______overthere.
19)Mysister'sname______Nancy.
20)______DavidandHelenfromEngland?
21)There______agirlintheroom.
22)There______someapplesonthetree.
2、助动词(do,does,did)
do,does用于一般现在时,其过去式did用于一般过去时。
它们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。
它们的否定形式:
donot=don’t,doesnot=doesn’t,didnot=didn’t。
注意:
在一般现在时中,does用于第三人称单数,其余一律用助动词do;助动词do,does,did后面一定要用动词原形。
用适当的助动词填空。
1)______youlikethismagazine?
2)Thegirl______likebreadforbreakfast.
3)---What______she______attheweekends?
---Sheusuallyplaysgameswithherfriends.
4)---Wha______youdolastSunday?
---Iwrotetomyfriend.
5)---DidyouseeaBeijingopera?
---No,I______.
6)He______notvisitafarmlastNationalDayholiday.
7)They______notlikeplayingvolleyball.
8)---______JimhaveapicnicwithhisfamilyeverySaturday?
---Yes,he_______.
9)---______HelenandYangLinggotoschoolonfooteveryday?
10)---Howmanykites______wehave?
---Wehaveten.
3、情态动词
情态动词也是一类特殊的动词,平时我们不把它说成是动词。
情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。
我们现在学过的情态动词有:
can、could、shall、should、will、would、may、might、must。
注意:
情态动词后动词总是用原形。
(不受其他任何条件影响)
其否定形式:
cannot=can’t,mustnot=mustn’t,…
注意:
maynot和shallnot(无缩写形式)
练一练:
选择填空。
()1)Thesignonthewallmeansyou______stayawayfromthebuilding.
A.mustB.can’tC.shouldn't
()2)Howmanybooks______youseeonthedesk?
A.mayB.canC.should()3)Itmeansyou______makenoiseinthelibrary.A.shouldB..shouldn'tC.can
()4)---______youlikeaglassofmilk?
---Yes,please.A.MayB.CouldC.Would()5)---______youseethesignoverthere?
---Sorry,Ican’t.A.CanB.Can’tC.Should()6)______wegototheparkbybus?
A.MayB.MustC.Shall
4、行为动词
就是我们平时上课时说的动词,表示某一动作或行为。
如:
sweep、live等。
行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式:
原形、第三人称单数+s/es、现在分词(也叫动名词)+ing、
过去式+ed。
(1)动词第三人称单数变化规则:
A、一般直接加―s,如:
play–plays,visit–visits,speak–speaks;
B、以―s,―x,―sh,―ch结尾时,加―es,如:
catch–catches,watch–watches;
C、以―辅音字母+y结尾时,变―y为―i再加―es,如:
carry–carries,study–studies
(2)现在分词(动名词)构成规则:
A、一般直接加―ing,如:
go–going,do–doing,look–looking;
B、以不发音的―e结尾的单词,去―e加―ing,如:
take–taking,make–making,have–having;
C、以重读闭音节结尾的词,如末尾只有一个辅音字母,需要双写这个字母再加―ing,如:
put–putting,stop–stopping,run–running,get–getting,swim–swimming,
sit–sitting,begin–beginning,jog–jogging,forget–forgetting。
(3)过去式构成规则:
A、一般直接加―ed,如:
plant–planted,visit–visited,pick–picked;
B、以不发音字母―e结尾,直接加―ed,如:
like–liked,hope–hoped,taste–tasted;
C、以―辅音字母+y结尾时,变―y为―i再加―ed,如:
try–tried,carry–carried,
study–studied;
D、有些动词要双写最后一个字母,再加―ed,如:
stop–stopped;
E、还有很多动词的过去式是不规则的,请记忆:
是-am(be)-was-being;是-are(be)-were-being;是-be-was,were-being;
成为-become-became-becoming;开始-begin-began-beginning;弯曲-bend-bent-bending;吹-blow-blew-blowing;买-buy-bought-buying;能-can-could-----;
捕捉-catch-caught-catching;选择-choose-chose-choosing;来-come-came-coming;
切-cut-cut-cutting;做-do,does-did-doing;画-draw-drew-drawing;饮-drink-drank-drinking;吃-eat-ate-eating;感觉-feel-felt-feeling;发现-find-found-finding;飞-fly-flew-flying;
忘记-forget-forgot-forgetting;得到-get-got-getting;给-give-gave-giving;走-go-went-going;成长-grow-grew-growing;有-have,has-had-having;听-hear-heard-hearing;
受伤-hurt-hurt-hurting;保持-keep-kept-keeping;知道-know-knew-knowing;
学习-learn-learned,learnt-learning;允许,让-let-let-letting;躺-lie-lay-lying;
制造-make-made-making;可以-may-might----;意味-mean-meant-meaning;
会见-meet-met-meeting;必须-must-must----;放置-put-put-putting;读-read-read-reading;骑、乘-ride-rode-riding;响、鸣-ring-rang-ringing;跑-run-ran-running;说-say-said-saying;看见-see-saw-seeing;将-shall-should----;唱歌-sing-sang-singing;坐下-sit-sat-sitting;
睡觉-sleep-slept-sleeping;说-speak-spoke-speaking;度过-spend-spent-spending
1、写出下列动词的第三人称单数。
drink__________go____________stay__________make__________look__________
have_________pass__________carry__________come___________watch__________
plant_________fly________study________brush_________
do___________teach____________take__________see__________
2、写出下列动词的现在分词。
put__________give__________fly_________get________dance________sit_________
run________plant_________take___________swim_________ask___________
stop__________take_________write__________have__________
smoke_________think__________want__________tell__________
3、写出下列动词的过去式。
is\am_________fly_______plant________are________drink_________play_______
go________make________does_________dance________worry___________
ask________taste_________eat__________draw________put______throw________
kick_________pass_______do________
4、用动词的适当形式填空。
(1)I______toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.Mybrotheroften_______toschoolwithme.Yesterdaywe_______toschooltogether.Welike________toschoolverymuch.(go)
(2)Theyusually_______lunchathome.Butlastweek,they____lunchatschool.(have)
(3)That______myEnglishbook.It_____new.Butnowit_____nothere.It______thereamomentago.(be)
(4)Mysisterlikes________verymuch.Sheoften_______atourschoolfestival.Lastterm,she_______alotofsongsintheschoolhall.She_____beautifully.(sing)
(5)What_____heusually______onSunday?
Heusually______hishomework.Look!
He_______hishomeworknow.______he_______hishomeworklastSunday?
Yes,he_______.(do)
(6)Dopeopleusually_______mooncakesatMid-autumnFestival?
Yes,theydo.Didyou_______mooncakeslastMid-autumnFestival?
Yes,Idid.I_______alotofdeliciousmooncakes.(eat)
8、时态
1、一般现在时
A、当谓语是be动词时,构成为:
主语+be动词(am,is,are)+其他。
如:
Iamastudent.
B、当谓语是行为动词时,构成有两种:
(1)主语(非第三人称单数)+动词原形+其他。
如:
WeoftenwatchTVattheweekends.
(2)主语(第三人称单数)+动词第三人称单数形式+其他。
如:
JimusuallygoestotheparkonSundays.
C、句型变换:
肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答
A、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1)Heoften______(have)dinnerathome.
2)DanielandTommy______(be)inClassOne.
3)We______(notwatch)TVonMonday.
4)Nick______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.
5)____they______(like)theWorldCup?
6)There______(be)somewaterinthebottle.
7)____yourparents_____(read)newspaperseveryday?
8)Mike______(like)cooking.
9)Youalways______(do)yourhomeworkwell.
10)They______(have)thesamehobby.
11)Myaunt______(look)afterherbabycarefully.
12)LiuTao______(do)notlikePE.
13)SheandI______(take)awalktogethereveryevening.
B、按要求转换句子,每空一词。
1)Tomlikesplayingbasketballwithhisfriends.(改成否定句)
Tom___________playingbasketballwithhisfriends.
2)David’sparentsoftentakeawalkaftersupper.(改为一般疑问句并作出否定回答)
---______David’sparentsoften______awalkaftersupper?
---No,____________.
3)TheyusuallywatchTV.(对加粗部分提问)____________theyusually______?
4)Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.(改为一般疑问句并作出肯定回答)
---_________alwaysa______student?
---______,____________.
5)SimonandDaniellikegoingskating.(改为否定句)
SimonandDaniel____________going______.
2、现在进行时
A、构成形式:
主语+be动词+动词的ing形式+其他。
B、判断依据:
句中往往有now、look、listen等词。
注意:
千万不要忘了一定得有be动词。
A、用所给的动词的正确形式填空。
1)Theboy____________(draw)apicturenow.
2)What______you______(do)now?
3)Listen.Somegirls____________(sing)intheclassroom.
4)Mymother____________(cook)somenicefoodnow.
5)Look.They____________(have)anEnglishlesson.
6)They____________(notwater)theflowersnow.
7)Look!
thegirls____________(dance)intheclassroom.
8)Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?
She____________(listen)tomusic.
9)______Helen______(wash)clothes?
Yes,sheis.
B、根据中文,完成句子,每空一词。
1)刘涛的父亲正在浇花。
LiuTao’sfatheris____________.
2)看,孩子们正在操场上踢足球。
Look!
Thechildren__________________intheplayground.3)她正在公园里散步吗?
是的。
---_____she______awalkinthepark?
---Yes,she______.
4)Jack正在哪读书?
在他书房。
---____________Jack______thebooknow?
---Heis__________________.
3、一般过去时
A、构成形式:
主语+动词的过去式+其他。
注意:
没有be动词的否定句和疑问句中,用didn’t否定和用did提问后,动词一定要用原形。
B、判断依据:
(1)be动词是was、were;
(2)动词加ed;(3)有表示过去的时间状语
现在学过的常用的表示过去的时间状语有:
justnow,amoment,yesterday,lastweek,lastnight,lastweekend,lastyear,lastmonth,threedaysago,twoweeksago,fiveyearsago…
C、句型变换:
A、用动词的适当形式填空。
1)It_____(be)Ben’sbirthdaylastFriday.
2)Weall_____(have)agoodtimelastnight.
3)He_____(jump)highonlastSportsDay.
4)Helen_____(milk)acowonFriday.
5)Shelikes_____newspapers,butshe_____abookyesterday.
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