英译汉练习精选.docx
- 文档编号:18250656
- 上传时间:2023-08-14
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:21
- 大小:37.63KB
英译汉练习精选.docx
《英译汉练习精选.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英译汉练习精选.docx(21页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
英译汉练习精选
英译汉练习精选
[TheEnglishLanguage]
1.Englishisgenerallyacknowledgedtobetheworld’smostimportantlanguage.First,thenumberofnativespeakerofEnglishismorethan300million(Spanish,nextinsizetoEnglish,isspokenbyabout240millionpeople,Russianby210million,Portugueseby125million,Germanby110million,Frenchby85million,Italianby65million).Second,thespreadofEnglishovermostoftheworldasaninternationallanguageisauniquephenomenonintheworld’shistory:
about1500millionpeople—overathirdoftheworld’spopulation—liveincountrieswhereEnglishhassomeofficialstatusorisoneofthenativelanguages,ifnotthedominantnativelanguage.Third,Englishleadsastheprimarymediumfor20thcenturyscienceandtechnology.Finally,EnglishisthelanguageoftheUnitedStates,whosegrossdomesticproductin1980wasmorethandoublethatofitsnearestcompetitor,Japan.(AdaptedfromAComprehensiveGrammaroftheEnglishLanguagebyRandolphQuirketal.,1985)
2.ThestatisticsofEnglishareastonishing.Ofalltheworld’slanguages(whichnownumbersome2700),itisarguablytherichestinvocabulary.TheOxfordEnglishDictionarylistsabout500,000words;andafurtherhalfmilliontechnicalandscientifictermsremainuncatalogued.…Three-quartersoftheworld’smail,anditstelexesandcables,areinEnglish.Soaremorethanhalftheworld’stechnicalandscientificperiodicals.Englishisthemediumfor80percentoftheinformationstoredintheworld’scomputers.NearlyhalfofallbusinessdealsinEuropeareconductedinEnglish.Itisthelanguageofsportandglamour:
theofficiallanguageoftheOlympicsandtheMissUniversecompetition.Englishistheofficialvoiceoftheair,ofthesea,andofChristianity.Fiveofthelargestbroadcastingcompaniesintheworld(CBS,NBC,ABC,BBC,CBC)transmitinEnglishtoaudiencesthatregularlyexceedonehundredmillion.(fromTheStoryofEnglishbyRobertMcCrumetal,1986)
3.AlthoughEnglandandAustraliaareEnglish-speakingcountries,wordsareoftenusedinadifferentwayinthesecountriesfromthewaytheyareusedintheUnitedStates.Thewordhomely,forexample,meansplainintheUnitedStateswhileinEngland,itmeansfriendly,warm,andcomfortable.TotheEnglish,asharppersonisonewhoisdeviousandlackinginprinciplesratherthanonewhoisquick,smart,andcleverwhichisitsmeaningintheUnitedStates.TheexpressionquitegoodhasadifferentmeaningtotheEnglishthantoU.S.Americans.TheEnglishinterpretationislessthangood,whereastheU.S.meaningisverygood.AustralianEnglishalsoholdssomesurprisesforpeopleintheUnitedStates.InAustralia,youwouldhearsuchtermsasblokeforman,lolliesforcandy,andsandshoesforsneakers.
4.Englishisaheavyborrowerandhasadoptedwordsfromallothermajorlanguagesoftheworld.ItisestimatedthatEnglishborrowingsconstitute80percentofthemodernEnglishvocabulary.AsisstatedinEncyclopediaAmericana,“TheEnglishlanguagehasvastdebts.Inanydictionarysome80%oftheentriesareborrowed.”TheEnglishlanguageisnotedfortheremarkablecomplexityandheterogeneityofitsvocabularybecauseofitsextensiveborrowings.AlbertC.Baugh,inhis1978bookAHistoryoftheEnglishLanguage,talksoftheEnglishvocabularyas“cosmopolitan”,whichrevealsthetruenatureoftheEnglishlexicon.(AdaptedfromEnglishLexicologybyZhangWeiyou,1999)
5.BritishpreviouscolonialpoliciesledtothespreadofEnglishacrosstheworld.ThiswideuseofEnglishhasbeenreinforcedbythesweepinginfluenceoftheU.S.However,thedominanceofEnglishasaninternationallanguageisconsideredbothablessingandacurse.Foronething,ithasacceleratedtheextinctionofsomelanguages.Peoplehavebeenwonderingaboutthepossibilityofcreatingagloballanguagewhichmightholdpromisesforanendtolanguage-causedtroublesandconflicts.Unfortunately,attemptstoharmonizeworldlanguageshavemetwithlittlesuccessasaresultofthereluctanceofnativespeakersofaparticularlanguagetoadoptanotherlanguageastheirmothertongue.Todiscardone’snativelanguageistohavethedistinctfeaturesofhisnationerased.
[LanguageLearning&Teaching]
6.Thehumanbeingmaybecalledtheanimalwithlanguage.Uponalittlereflection,wecanseethatonlybymeansoflanguagecanmankindcreateandtransmitthebodyofconcepts,attitudes,values,andskillsthatconstitutecivilization.Onlybylanguagecanwecarrythepastwithus,understandthepresent,andprojectthefuture.Onlybylanguagecanwehaveaclearnotionofourselvesasindividuals.“Ithink,thereforeIam,”asthephilosopherDescartesputit.Andonlybylanguagecanweforgethebondsofasociety—asocietyasdistinguishedfromsomesortofinstinctualheroorswarm.
7.Forthepost-intermediateandadvancedEnglishlearners,itisadvisabletousemoreofamonolingualdictionary.Thereareanumberofadvantages.ApartfromtheincreaseofexposureofEnglishandavoidanceofmisunderstandingbytranslation,usershavetothinkinEnglish,understandmeaningsintermsofotherEnglishwords,thusenlargingvocabularyandlearntheprecisemeaningsofwordsandusagesthroughdefinitionsandexamples.Moreover,theeffectiveuseofamonolingualdictionarywillgivelearnersasenseofsatisfactionandself-sufficiencyandgreaterconfidenceintheirabilitytosolvelanguageproblems.(fromEnglishLexicologybyZhangWeiyou,1999)
8.Themostcommoncharacteristicofoutstandingsuccessis“anextensiveknowledgeoftheexactmeaningofEnglishwords.”Theextentofyourvocabularyindicatesthedegreeofyourintelligence.Yourbrainpowerwillincreaseasyoulearntoknowmorewords.Thestudyofwordsisnotmerelysomethingthathastodowithliterature.Wordsareyourtoolsofthought.Youcan’teventhinkatallwithoutwords.Withoutwordsyoucouldmakenodecisionsandformnojudgmentswhatsoever.Andthemorewordsyouhaveatyourcommandthedeeper,clearerandmoreaccuratewillbeyourthinking.Acommandofvocabularywillgiveyouassurance;buildyourself-confidence;lendcolortoyourpersonality;increaseyourpopularity.Yourwordsareyourpersonality.Yourvocabularyisyou.(WilfredFunk)
9.Wordsareexplosive.PhrasesarepackedwithTNT.Asimplewordcandestroyafriendship,landalargeorder.Theproperphrasesinthemouthsofclerkshavequadrupledthesalesofadepartmentstore.Thewrongwordsusedbyacampaignoratorhavelostanelection.Wordshavechangedthedirectionofhistory.Wordscanalsochangethedirectionofyourlife.Theyhaveoftenraisedamanfrommediocritytosuccess.Ifyouconsciouslyincreaseyourvocabularyyouwillunconsciouslyraiseyourselftoamoreimportantstationinlife,andthenewandhigherpositionyouhavewonwill,inturn,giveyouabetteropportunityforfurtherenrichingyourvocabulary.Itisabeautifulandsuccessfulcycle.(WilfredFunk)
10.Masteringalargenumberofwordsisessentialtoachievingfluencyinaforeignlanguage.Therearenoshort-cutstoalargevocabularyinEnglish:
youjusthavetorelyondiligenceanddedication.Ofcourseyoucanfigureoutfromthecontextthemeaningsofsomenewwordsyoucomeacrossinyourreading,butmoreoftenthannotyouhavetolookthemupinadictionaryinordertobeclearabouttheiraccuratemeanings.Apracticablewaytopickupnewwordsis,perhaps,toreadalot,preferablystoriesthatyoufindinterestingorexciting.Itoftenpaystoreadthesamebookoverandoveragain:
eachtimeyoureadityouwilllearndifferentnewwords,andthefamiliarcontexthelpstofixtheminyourmind.
[ModernEducation]
11.Agoodeducationshould,amongotherthings,trainyoutothinkforyourself.Theexaminationsystemdoesanythingbutthat.Whathastobelearntisrigidlylaiddownbyasyllabus,sothestudentisencouragedtomemorise.Examinationsdonotmotivateastudenttoreadwidely,buttorestricthisreading;theydonotenablehimtoseekmoreandmoreknowledge,butinducecramming.Theylowerthestandardsofteaching,fortheydeprivetheteacherofallfreedom.Teachersthemselvesareoftenjudgedbyexaminationresultsandinsteadofteachingtheirsubjects,theyarereducedtotrainingtheirstudentsinexamtechniqueswhichtheydespise.Themostsuccessfulcandidatesarenotalwaysthebesteducated;theyarethebesttrainedinthetechniqueofworkingunderduress.(L.G.Alexander)
12.Alluniversitiescontributetotheprosperityandsuccessoftheircountry.Thealsoconservethecultureandlegacyspecifictotheircountry’scivilization.Buttheydofarmorethanthat.Knowledgeissecureonlywhenitishardwonbytheindependenttestsofaccurate,rationalexplorations.Sowhenweteachourstudentsskills,wealsogivethemvalues.Thesearevaluesforpersonalandcivicconduct.Ontheotherhand,thesevaluesunderwritethepersonalneedforindependentunderstandingwhichisthesourceofhumancreativity.
13.Givethestudentsachancetogrow.Donotmoldthemfromoneofathousandpatterns.Letthemseekknowledge,butdonotfinditforthem.Letthemlearnpatience;donotforceitonthem.Letthemtaketheirtimetogrow;donotsetrigidtimeschedules.Mostofall,donotpushthemagainstastonewall,crushingthemwithknowledgegainedfromtheexperienceofothers.Experiencecannotbetaught;itmustcomeslowlythroughpersonalsearch.(fromFromSentencetoParagraphbyRobertG.Bander,1980)
[ThePleasureofReading]
14.Devotesomeofyourleisure,Irepeat,tocultivatealoveofreadinggoodbooks.Fortunateindeedarethosewhocontrivetomakethemselvesgenuine
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 英译汉 练习 精选
![提示](https://static.bingdoc.com/images/bang_tan.gif)